女性運動員在從事運動訓練及競賽時，不僅和男性運動員一樣必須調整自己的訓練強度及體能狀況，而且還必須考慮月經週期所帶來的影響。月經週期是女性的生理現象，多數女性都會有經前症候群與經痛所引起的生理與心理上的不適，因此對女性運動員及教練而言，瞭解月經週期對運動表現的影響以及高強度的運動訓練對女性健康的影響，都是十分重要的。由研究文獻中發現，月經週期與運動表現的研究結果是不一致的，運動表現會隨著個別差異和不同的運動項目在月經週期而有所不同，也有研究發現女性運動員在行經期創下許多傑出表現及世界紀錄。 本篇從月經週期對生理及心理的影響、運動訓練對月經週期的影響、月經週期與運動表現、女性運動員在激烈訓練下衍生的健康問題等五方面來探討，以期對女性運動員及教練有所助益。

Female athletes have not only to adjust their own training intensity and physical fitness like every male athlete, but also have to consider the effects of menstrual cycle during exercise training and sports competition. Menstrual cycle is a physiological aspect of female. Most of Females suffer from premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrheal. Therefore, as a female athlete or a coach, understanding the effects of female athletes on menstrual cycle and exercise training and the effects of female athletes’ health on high intensity exercise training is an important issue. According to some research papers, the results about menstrual cycle and exercise performance are different. Exercise performance in menstrual cycle was varied by individual difference and the difference of sports events. Some researches found that some female athletes even made outstanding performance and world records during menstrual cycle. This paper discussed the physiologic and psychological effects of menstrual cycle, the effects of exercise training on menstrual cycle, menstrual cycle and exercise performance, and the health problem of female athletes after high intensity exercise training. This paper would be very helpful for female athletes and coaches.