臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：研究發展,技術引進與經濟成長
作者：許碧峰 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Pi-Fem
校院名稱：國立政治大學
系所名稱：經濟學系
指導教授：莊奕琦
學位類別：博士
出版日期：1999
主題關鍵詞：研究發展；技術引進；外溢效果；外人投資；國際貿易；內生成長；research and development；technology adoption；spillover effect；foreign direct investment；international trade；endogenous growth
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:29
本論文分別以理論與實證分析方式探討內生成長有關技術進步之課題。第一部份，本文以內生成長理論分析技術引進與技術深化在經濟成長中之機制。模型中，技術引進與技術深化二者均為資源的投入。為區分二者行為之不同，技術引進指的是學習國外之新技術，技術深化指的是將此學習到之新技術加以改良、吸收並發展出屬於本身的技術。因此，技術引進與技術深化在生產過程中互為互補行為。
由本文之分析得知，人力資本H具有規模效果(scale effect)。其次，技術引進或者是技術深化成功的機率愈高，均會使一國的經濟成長率提高。最後，在本文模型亦可得Luvcas effect之結論；亦即當經濟體系之各部門（或各技術類型）之變動愈快時，愈有利於經濟成長。
第二部分本文首先利用「中國大陸1995年普查資料」進行廠商之生產效率分析，發現私營、個體、外資或港澳台企業，大型規模，新成立廠商，生產兩種以上產品，中央或鄉鎮企業，位於東南六省市及食品、化學、電子、機械等企業較具有生產效率。此外，本文分別以外資之固定資產、勞動雇用人數以及銷售收入佔產業比例等三個外資比例指標檢測外資企業的技術擴散效果，均得到外資企業對本國的企業有顯著的正面貢獻。另一方面，市場集中度愈高與產業規模程度愈大對勞動生產力反而有不利的影響。在貿易的學習效果方面，大陸對OECD國家與亞洲四小龍之出口均對生產力有顯著正面的貢獻。廠商出口至其他國家，為維持其國際市場的競爭力，必須提高其技術水準；而且出口廠商透過貿易獲得許多新產品與新技術的訊息，進而使其生產力提高。此外，中國大陸從OECD國家之進口對生產力亦有顯著的正面效果。
若將整體產業區分為低技術差距產業與高技術差距產業兩種類型，發現外資對高、低技術差距產業均有顯著的技術擴散效果，惟外資對低技術差距的產業技術擴散效果大於高技術差距產業；亦即技術能力較強的國內廠商，較能學習到外資所引進的新技術。在貿易學習效果方面結果迥異。在低技術差距產業，廠商出口至OECD國家或者是亞洲四小龍，皆能透過貿易使其技術效率提昇；且出口至OECD國家所獲得的貿易學習效果大於出口至亞洲四小龍。相反地，在高技術差距產業，廠商的出口並沒有帶來顯著的學習效果，反而是藉由廠商的進口來提升其生產力。
第三部分，本文以台灣1981-1996年製造業中分類(two-digit)產業的panel data為實證分析對象，檢測研究發展對生產力的貢獻及產業間(inter-industry)的技術擴散效果。此外，由於技術知識具有公共財的特性，研究發展可藉由產業內外溢效果的內部化，使得產業研究發展的邊際報酬隨著知識存量的增加而遞增；因此，本文進一步檢測R&D對生產力的貢獻是否存在變動的邊際報酬。
本文另將製造業分為輕、重化工業與高、低R&D產業，並允許各產業因產業特質差異而存在不同的技術水準。估計結果發現：一、除了輕工業外，重化工業與高、低R&D產業之研究發展對生產力均有顯著的貢獻；二、重化工業與高、低R&D產業的研究發展存在遞增的報酬；三、不論是輕、重化工業或者是高、低R&D產業，均存在顯著的R&D外溢效果，惟其中重化工業高於輕工業，高R&D產業大於低R&D產業。
蔡光第、楊浩彥(1996), 〈多層次巢覆式R&D外溢效果與其對台灣製造業不同科技部門之貢獻〉,《經濟論文叢刊》,第24輯第1期, 29-60.new window
Aghion, P. and P. Howitt (1992), "A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction," Econometrica, 60(2), 323-51.
Aghion, P and P. Howitt (1996), "Research and Development in the Growth Process," Journal of Economic Growth, 1, 49-73.
Aghion, P and P. Howitt (1998), Endogenous Growth Theory, Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.
Albach, H. (1980), "Average and Best-Practice Production Functions in German Industry," Journal of Industrial Economics, 29, 55-70.
Andolfatto, D. and G. M. MacDonald (1993), "Endogenous Technological Change, Growth, and Aggregate Fluctuation," Unpublished Paper, University of Waterloo.
Barro, R and X. Sala-i-Martin (1995), Economic Growth, New York: Macmillan.
Berstein, J. I. (1988), "Costs of Production, Intra- and Inter-industry R&D Spillovers: Canadian Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, 21, 324-47.
Blomstrom, M. and H. Persson (1983), "Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in An Underdeveloped Economy: Evidence from the Mexico Manufacturing Industry," World Development, 11, 493-501.
Blomstrom, M. and E. Wolff (1989), "Multinational Corporations and Productivity Convergence in Mexico," National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 3141.
Cantwell, J. A. (1989), Technological Innovation and Multinational Corporations, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Caves, R. E. (1971), "Multinational Firms, Competition and Productivity in Host-Country Markets," Economica, 41, 176-93.
Caves, R. E. and D. R. Barton (1990), Efficiency in U.S. Manufacturing Industries, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Chuang, Y. C. (1998), "Learning by Doing, The Technology Gap, and Growth," International Economic Review, 39, 697-721.
Chuang, Y, C. and C. M. Lin (1999), "Foreign Direct Investment, R&D, and Spillover Efficiency: Evidence from Taiwan''s Manufacturing Firms," Journal of Development Studies, 35, 117-137.
Coe, D. and E. Helpman (1995), "International R&D Spillovers," European Economic Review, 39, 859-87.
Cuneo, P., and J. Mairesse (1984), "Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level in Franch Manufacturing," in Z. Griliches ed., R&D, Patents and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 375-92.
Dowrick, S. (1995), "Innovation and Endogenous Growth: The New Theoretical Evidence," in S. Dowrick ed., Economic Approaches to Innovation, Ahdershot UK: Edword Elgar Press.
Easterly, W., R. King, R. Levine, and S. Rebelo (1994), "Policy, Technology Adoption and Growth," Working Paper no. 4681. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Forsund, F. R. and E. S. Jansen (1977), "On Estimation Average and Best Practice Product in Functions Via Cost Functions," International Economic Review, 18, 463-76.
Globerman, S. (1979), "Foreign Investment and ''Spillover'' Efficiency Benefits in Canadian Manufacturing Industries," Canadian Journal of Economics, 12, 42-56.
Goto, A. and K. Suzuki (1989), "R&D Capital, Rate of Return on R&D Investment and Spillover of R&D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries," Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, 555-64.
Griliches, Z. (1979), "Issue in Assessing the Contribution of R&D to Productivity Growth," Bell Journal of Economics, 10, 92-116.
Griliches, Z. (1980), "R&D and Productivity Slowdown," American Economic Review, 70, 343-48.
Griliches, Z. (1986), "Productivity, R&D and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970''s," American Economic Review, 76, 141-54.
Griliches, Z. (1992), "The Search for R&D Spillovers," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94, 29-47.
Griliches, Z. and J. Mairesse (1984), "Productivity and R&D at the Firm Level," in Z. Griliches ed., R&D, Patent and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 339-74.
Griliches, Z. and F. Lichtenberg (1984), "R&D and Productivity Growth at the Industry Level: Is There Still a Relation?," in Z. Griliches ed., R&D, Patent and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 465-501.
Grossman, G. M. and E. Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Grossman, G. and E. Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economic, MA: MIT Press.
Haddad, M. and A. Harrison (1993), "Are There Positive Spillovers from Direct Foreign Investment: Evidence from Panel Data for Morocco," Journal of Development Economics, 42, 51-74.
Hall, B. and J. Mairesse (1995), "Exploring the Relationship between R&D and Porductivity in Fench Manufacturing Firms," Journal of Econometrics, 65, 263-92.
Harris, R. I. D. (1991), "Measuring Efficiency in Northern Ireland Manufacturing Using a Frontier Production Function Approach," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 38, 386-97.
Hausman, J. A. (1978), "Specification Tests in Econometrics," Econometrica, 46, 1251-71.
Jaffe, A. B. (1986), "Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence from Firms'' Patents, Profits, and Market Value," American Economic Review, 76, 984-1001.
Jovanovic, B. and G. M. MacDonald (1994), "Competitive Diffusion," Journal of Political Economy, 102, 24-52.
Katrak, H. (1985), "Imported Technology, Enterprise Size and R&D in a Newly Industrialized Country: The India Experience, " Oxford Buletin of Economics and Statistics, 47, 213-19.
Kokko, A. (1994), "Technology, Market Characteristics, and Spillovers," Journal of Development Economics, 43, 279-93.
Kokko, A., R. Tansini, and M. C. Zejan (1996), "Local Technological Capability and Productivity Spillovers from FDI in the Uruguay Manufacturing Sector," Journal of Development Studies, 32, 602-11.
Kopp, R. J. and V. K. Smith (1980), "Frontier Production Function Estimates for Steam Electric Generation: A Comparative Analysis," Southern Economic Journal, 46, 49-59.
Krugman, P. R. (1979), "A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer and the World Distribution of Income," Journal of Political Economy, 87, 253-65.
Krugman, P. (1994), "The Myth of Asia''s Mircle," Foreign Affairs, 73(6), 62-78.
Lau, L. and J. I. Kim (1994), "The Source of Growth of the East Asia Newly Industrialized Countries," Journal of Japanese and International Economics, 8(1), 75-95.
Levy, V. (1981), "Estimation Efficiency Differentials between the Public and Private Sectors in a Developing Economy Iraq," Journal of Comparative Economics, 5, 235-50.
Lichtenberg, F. and D. Siegel (1991), "The Impact of R&D Investment on Productivity - New Evidence Using Linked R&D-LRD Data," Economic Inquiry, 29, 203-29.
Link, A. N. (1981a), Research and Development Activity in U.S. Manufacturing, New York: Praeger.
Link, A. N. (1981b), "Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing: Additional Evidence," American Economic Review, 71,1111-12.
Lucas, R. E. (1993), "Making a Miracle," Econometrica, 60, 251-72.
Mansfield, E. (1980), "Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing," American Economic Review, 70, 863-73.
Mansfield, E. (1988), "Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States: A Comparative Study," American Economic Review, 78, 223-28.
Minasian, J. R. (1969), "Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing," American Economic Review, 59, 80-85.
Mundlak, Y. (1978), "On the Polling of Time Series and Cross Section Data," Econometrica, 46, 69-85.
Nadiri, M. I. (1993), "Innovations and Technological Spillovers," Working Paper no.4423, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ozawa, T. (1985), "Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Japan''s Technology Inflows and Outflows: The Postwar Experience," in N. Rosenberg and C. Frischtak eds., International Technology Transfer: Concepts, Measures, and Comparisons, New York: Praeger, 222-54.
Page, J. M., Jr. (1984), "Firm Size and Technical Efficiency: Applications of Production Frontiers to Indian Survey Data," Journal-of-Development-Economics, 16, 129-52.
Panzar, J. C. and R. D. Willing (1981), "Economic of Scope," American Economic Review, 72, 268-72.
Parente, S. L. and E. C. Prescott (1991), "Technology Adoption and Growth," NBER Working Paper Series #3733.
Parente, S. L. and E. C. Prescott (1994), "Barries to Technology Adoption and Development," Journal of Political Economy, 102(2), 298-321.
Pitt, M. M. and L. F. Lee (1981), "The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiency in the Indonesian Weaving Industry," Journal of Development Economics, 9, 43-64.
Postner, H. H. and L. Wesa (1983), Canadian Productivity Growth: An Alternative (Input-Output) Analysis, Study Prepared for the Economic Council of Canada, Ministry of Supply and Services, Ottawa.
Quinn, J, B. (1969), "Technology Transfer by Multinational Companies, " Harvard Business Review, 47, 147-61.
Raut, L. (1995), "R&D Spillover and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Indian Private Firms," Journal of Development Economics, 48, 1-23.
Romer, P. M. (1986), "Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1102-37.
Romer, P. M (1990), "Endogeneous Technical Change," Journal of Political Economy, 98, s71-102.
Romer, P. M. (1993), "Idea Gaps and Object Gaps in Economic Development: Using Ideas and Producing Ideas," in The World Bank, Annual Conference on Economic Development, Washington D. C..
Schankerman, M. (1981), "The Effect of Double-Counting and Expensing on the Measured Return to R&D," Review of Economics and Statistics, 63, 454-58.
Schere, M. F. (1982), "Interindustry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth," Review of Economics and Statistics, 64, 627-34.
Schere, F. M. (1984), "Using Linked Patent and R&D Data to Measure Interindustry Technology Flows," in Z. Griliches ed., R&D, Patent and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 417-64.
Seale, J. M., Jr. (1990), " Estimating Stochastic Frontier Systems with Unbalanced Panel Data: The Case of Floor Tile Manufactories in Egypt," Journal-of-Applied-Econometrics, 5, 59-74.
Segerstrom, P.S. (1991), "Innovation, Imitation and Economic Growth," Journal of Political Economy, 99, 1019-36.
Solow, R (1957), "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function," Review of Economic and Statistics, 39, 312-20.
Spence, M. (1984), "Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance," Econometrica, 52, 101-21.
Terleckyj, N. (1974), Effect of R&D on the Productivity Growth of Industries, Washington, D.C.: National Planning Association.
Terleckyj, N. (1980), "Direct and Indirect Effects of Industrial Research and Development on the Productivity Growth of Industries," New Development in Productivity Measurement and Analysis, J. Kendrick eds., University of Chicago Press, 359-77.
Tyler, W. G. (1979), "Technical Efficiency in Production in a Developing Country: An Empirical Examination of the Brazilian Plastics and Steel Industries, " Oxford Economic Papers, 31, 477-95.
Van, P. H. and H. Y. Wan (1996), Interpreting East Asian Growth, Department of Economic Studies, Cornell University.
Wolff, E. and M. Nadiri (1987), "Spillover Effects, Linkage Structure, Technical Progress and Research and Development," C.V. Starr Center Research Report #87-43.
Young, A. (1992), "A Tale of Two Cities: Factor Accumulation and Technical Change in Hong Kong and Singapore," in O. J. Blanchard and S. Fischer, eds., NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1992, Cambridge MA, MIT Press, 13-54.
Young, A. (1994), "Lessons from the East Asia NICs: A Contrarian View," European Economic Review, Paper Proceedings, 38, 964-73.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：1051（臺灣：1041，外國：10） ／ 本年度總使用人次：2156165 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67968106
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上