:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:醫療社會工作績效評估模式之建構
作者:鄒平儀
作者(外文):Ping Yi Tzou
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:王 正 
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:醫療社會工作績效評估成本效能分析生產效率資料包絡分析medical social workperformance evaluationcost-effectiveness analysisproduction efficiencydata envelopment analysis(DEA)
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:95
  本研究以八十六年度曾接受醫院評鑑之各層級醫院社會工作部門(不含精神科)為研究對象,經由立意取樣,共得46家社工部門、140名部門主管/社工人員及257名病患/家屬回覆問卷,提供業務統計(八十七年度工作報表)、部門管理策略、專業素質和服務品質(病患滿意度)回饋等相關資料,並首度在國內從經濟學取向~成本效能、生產效率兩個面向切入醫療社會工作服務績效量化評估的主題,透過部門成本結構以及專業人力投入、服務量產出組合,初步估算各項專業服務的單位成本和評析研究對象在生產效率上的相對績效表現情形。此研究結果不僅可以對社工專業服務的市場價值提出責信說明,並能藉由資料包絡分析方法對偶命題尋求不效率部門的最適生產力參考組合,以便作為部門經營、管理改善績效的具體參考依據。研究結果顯示:
一、 社工部門在時間管理分佈方面,仍以個案(佔總時數三分之一強)、團體、社區工作為主,三者共佔部門50%以上時間比重。
二、 根據成本效能分析所估計出的專業服務市場價值,以87年度的情形而言,時間單位成本(每小時)為441±86元(相當於該年度平均每人醫療及保健支出2﹪),個案(開案)單位成本是2394±163元(12﹪),而會談單位成本則為135±37元(0.67﹪)。
三、應用DEA模式分析得知:地區教學、地區及私立性質醫院社工部門因規模報酬處於優勢而使得生產效率整體表現較佳,另,醫學、準醫學中心與公立醫院社工部門在生產效率上應改善的幅度最高。公共選擇理論中所闡述的X無效率(X-inefficiency)現象同樣亦可能發生在福利服務領域。產出項中服務品質對生產效率具有顯著貢獻。
四、利用censored Tobit迴歸模型分析而知:全面品質管理傾向(管理策略)、醫院權屬(私立相較於公立)、醫院層級(地區教學/地區相較於醫學中心)和工作內容標準化與否對部門生產效率尤其是規模效率變異具顯著解釋力。
依據研究結果提出應用與建議如下:
一、 管理執行面:包括社工部門合理生產力之參考標準、部門生產效率之績效評估要素與管理要領、醫療社工績效評估運作系統模式及專業素質養成、全面品質管理、服務品質的強化要點。
二、 政策訂定面:包括初步建構各項專業服務的市場價格標準、對醫院評鑑中有關社工服務表現評估標準與內涵設定的建議,以及促請推動國內醫療社工績效評估格式標準化和資料庫的建立。
為強化研究成果的周密度,未來宜繼續從資料準確性及測量效度等方面著手改進。
A sample of 46 social work departments (psychiatric social workers excluded) from various hospitals which went under the 1997 hospital accreditation was studied. 140 social work administrators and staff, plus 257 patients and families responded by providing annual reports, information on management strategy(total quality management, TQM), quality of service (patients'' satisfaction) and level of professionalism. This study was the first local one attempting to adapt performance evaluation, production efficiency from economic approach to evaluate the performance of medical social work. Through examining data on departmental cost, professional manpower and service output, the purpose was to estimate the unit cost of various professional social work services and to make relative comparison in production efficiency among the 46 departments. Part of the findings revealed the interchangeable monetary market value of social work service. The results also suggested efficient reference set for those relative inefficient studied subjects. Hopefully the following findings will provide some basic reference data for administrative interests:
1.Direct services of social work including casework, group work, and community work remained the primary services in hospital settings. It took up the majority time which exceeded 50% of the total work time of medical social work.
2.Unit cost of medical social work professional service was NT$441±86 per hour (which is equivalent to 2% of 1998 health expenditure per capita). The unit cost per case was NT$2394±163 (12%) and the unit cost of social work interview was NT$135±37(0.67%).
3.Applying DEA model, the results were: hospitals at local, private level bettered others because of increasing returns to scale. While at public hospital and medical-center level, the production efficiency of those social work departments had more rate for improvement. X-inefficiency of public-choice theory seemed to be applicable in welfare service arena. Quality of service from patients'' view presented a very significant factor in determining production efficiency.
4.Utilizing censored Tobit regression model, the analysis of results were: total quality management, ownership of the hospital (public or private), level of the hospital (local teaching / local vs. medical center), standardization of service significant correlated with production efficiency, especially scale efficiency.
Based on the above findings, implications and recommendations were made on management, implementation as well as policy-making levels. Future research will be needed to improve the accuracy of data and measurement validity for further elaboration on the issue.
中文部份:
尤幸玲。(1993) 醫務社會工作者參與醫療團隊及其角色關係之研究。台中:私立東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
王正、徐偉初。(1993)財政學(三版)。台北:國立空中大學。
王信仁。(1992)醫學中心區域醫院之績效評估-資料包絡法之運用 。高雄:私立高雄醫學院公共衛生研究所碩士論文。
王婉芬。(1994) 制度學派與組織制度化的探討。台北:國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
王媛慧、周麗芳。(1998) 台灣地區老人安養機構效率之研究:DEA方法之運用。台北:國立政治大學經濟研究所。
王順合。(1992) 組織文化與組織效能之關係。台北:國立政治作戰學校政治研究所碩士論文。
江岷欽。(1993)組織分析。台北:五南。
行政院衛生署。(1993) 八十三年醫院評鑑暨教學醫院評鑑標準。台北:行政院衛生署。
朱永華。(1995) 醫院服務知覺品質與病患滿意度之關係研究。台南:國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
余坤東。(1998) 影響績效評估品質之因素探討-認知的觀點。東吳經濟商學學報,22,101-122。new window
余漢儀。(1994)兒童福利之績效評估-以台北市社會局為例。國立台灣大學社會學刊,23, 97-142。new window
呂育一、徐木蘭。(1994) 非營利組織績效指標之研究-以文教基金會為例。台大管理論叢,5(1),165-188。new window
呂豐足。(1996) 老人扶療機構的績效評估及其影響因素之探討。嘉義:國立中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文。
李文福、王媛慧。(1998) 台灣地區公私立醫學中心與區域醫院生產力變動之研究-無母數Malmquist指數之應用。經濟論文,26(3),243-269。new window
李延春。(1993) 醫院經營績效之評估與資料包絡分法權數設限之研究。新竹:國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
李長貴。(1997) 績效管理與績效評估。台北:華泰。
李建華、方文寶。(1996)企業績效評估理論與實務。台北:清華管理科學圖書中心。
李昭蓉。(1994) 對台灣地區醫院評鑑中社會工作部門評鑑之研究。台中:私立東海大學社會工作研究(未發表)。
李昭蓉。(1996) 老人福利資源運用與社工人員服務績效之關係。台中:私立東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
卓春英。(1986) 病患治療過程中非醫療問題之探討- 以省立台南醫院病患及家屬為例。台中:私立東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文  。
周玟琪﹑葉琇姍等譯。(1995) 當代社會工作理論:批判的導論。台北:五南。
林小嫻、林瓊香、楊志良。(1995)省市立及教會醫院的生產效率。台灣經濟學會年會論文集,441-467。
金蔚如。(1988) 醫務社會工作。台北:五南。
姚卓英。(1990) 醫務社會工作。於蔡漢賢主編,社會工作辭典。台北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。
施怡廷、梁慧雯譯。(1997)社會服務機構組織與管理-全面品質管理的理論與實務。台北:揚智。
施能傑。(1994)行政機關生產力評估的觀念。研考雙月刊,18(5),49-54。
星雙鈺。(1993)醫院績效管理之規劃與實施。醫院,26(4),251-254。
胡庭禎。(1997) 醫院員工組織承諾之探討。醫院,30(4),22-31。
孫本初﹑盧偉斯﹑黃新福。(1994) 非營利組織管理之研究- 以台北市登記有案之社會福利慈善事業基金會為對象。台北:台北市政府研究發展考核委員會委託。
秦燕、廖岱珊、黃蒂等。(1991) 醫療院所社會服務部門工作現況評估研究。台中:台中榮民總醫院社會工作室。new window
秦燕。(1996)醫務社會工作。台北:巨流。new window
翁崇雄。(1993) 評量服務品質與服務價值之研究-以銀行業為實證對象。台北:國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。new window
翁興利、李豔玲、潘婉如。(1996) 相對效率之衡量:DEA之運用。中國行政評論,5(4),63-106。new window
馬裕豐。(1994) 銀行分支單位經營績效衡量模式之建構-資料包絡分析模式(DEA)的應用(上)。企銀季刊,18(1),102-121。
高迪理。(1992) 社會工作服務方案需要的理論架構。當代社會工作,2,33-46。
張火燦。(1994)績效評估的模式及相關理論。人事管理, 31(8/9), 4-7。
張宗銘。(1987) 醫院績效評估模式與實證分析。高雄:國立中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
張英陣。(1994) 老人服務機構的全方位品質管理。台灣公私立老人扶療養機構業務研討會實錄(頁61-68)。台北:內政部。
張苙雲。(1990)組織社會學。台北:三民。
張苙雲。(1998) 醫療與社會-醫療社會學的探索。台北:巨流。new window
張清溪、許嘉棟、劉鶯釧、吳聰敏。(1993) 經濟學-理論與實務(上)。台北:自行出版。
張錫峰、周齊武。(1992) 資料包絡分析及其在效率評估上之應用。會計評論,26,76-92。new window
莫藜藜。(1983)台灣省立醫院社會服務室現況調查及功能之研究。南投:台灣省政府社會處委託研究。
莫藜藜。(1992) 醫務社會工作在台灣的現況與發展。社區發展,16,3-12。new window
莫藜藜。(1993)醫院中的社會工作評鑑。中華醫務社會工作學刊, 3, 23-37。
莊東仁。(1994) 社會福利基金會之績效評估及評估制度之探討。台北:私立銘傳管理學院管理科學研究所碩士論文。
陳育伶。(1995)資訊科技運用與組織管理變革之配合程度對企業績效之影響-以服務業為例。台北:國立台灣大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
陳佩妮。(1996) 醫療品質與經營績效關係之研究-以台北醫療區域各級醫院為例。台北:國立台灣大學公共衛生研究所醫院管理組碩士論文。
陳明惠、楊美雪、沈姍姍。(1996) 組織氣候與組織績效之探討-台灣區域醫院之實證研究。嘉南學報,22,33-45。new window
彭文賢。(1993) 組織績效與結構存續的因果連結。人文及社會科學集刊,6(1),1-35。new window
湯昇玉。(1991) 增進組織績效因素之分析。研考雙月刊,15(4),51-57。
黃 蒂。(1998) 台灣地區醫院社會工作部門工作現況之研究。台中:台中榮民總醫院社會工作室。
楊順成。(1996) 全民健保對公立醫院經營績效之影響。台北:淡江大學會計學研究所。
萬育維。(1995)社會福利績效評估的模型運用、困境與展望。研究月刊, 19(1), 53-61。
葉金川、黃瑞雄、江東亮編譯。(1979)公共衛生學(下)。台北:陳拱北預防醫學基金會。
葉英、吳中立。(1990)台北地區精神醫療網主要核心醫院門診治療的成本效益分析。台北:行政院研考會委託研究。
葉桂珍、陳昱志。(1995)銀行經營績效分析一資料包絡分析法(DEA)與財務比率法之比較。企銀季刊,19(2),30-39
董治華。(1990)組織效能理論之分析性架構一採競值觀點。新竹:國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
詹火生、王麗容。(1993) 提昇社會工作員專業素質之研究-兼述社會工作教育應有的方向。社區發展季刊,61,29-41。new window
詹火生。(1988) 社會福利工作方案評估方法概論。中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。
趙善如譯。(1999) 社會服務方案績效的評量-方法與技術。台北:亞太。
劉水深、沈清文、蕭武桐。(1990)行政機關公務人員用人成本計算標準之研究。台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會。
劉曉春譯。(1999) 提昇組織績效-社會服務領域實務工作指南。台北:亞太。
練有為。(1998) 台灣地區營業加值稅務行政績效之評估。台灣銀行季刊,49(3),264-283。new window
蔡淑芳。(1983) 社會工作價值體系之研究。社區發展季刊,23,56-67。new window
鄭家銘。(1996) 志願組織參與公益福利服務績效評估之研究- 陽光社會福利基金會之個案分析。台北:私立文化大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
鄭讚源。(1995) 福利機構組織績效之分析(下)。社會福利,121,33-38。
鄭讚源。(1995)福利機構組織績效(上)。社會福利, 120, 35-43。
鄭讚源。(1997) 既競爭又合作﹑既依賴又自主:社會福利民營化過程中政府與民間非營利組織之角色與定位。社區發展季刊, 80, 79-87。new window
蕭幸金,張石柱。(1997)醫院最適規模之探討。管理學報,14(4),611-634。new window
謝孟雄。(1990)社會工作與醫療。台北:桂冠。
謝啟瑞。(1996)健康經濟學。台北:五南。
顏建賢。(1994)台灣基層農會的組織間關係及其對組織績效的影響。台北:國立台灣大學農業推廣學研究所博士論文。
羅紀瓊、石淦生、陳國樑。(1996)醫院效率之衡量-DEA方法之應用。經濟論文(中央研究院經濟研究所),24(3),375-396。new window
蘇秋莉。(1977) 醫師對於社會工作者的態度研究。台北:國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
英文部份:
Ali,A.I. & Seiford,L.M.(1993). The Mathematical Programming Approach to Efficiency Analysis. In Fried, H. O. ; Lovell, C. A. K. & Schmidt, S. S. (eds.), The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, R. M. & Davidson, P. L. (1996). Measuring Access and Trends. In Anderson, R. M.; Rice, T. H. & Kominski, G. F. (eds.), Changing the U.S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services, Policy, and Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Anthony,R.N. & Young ,D.W.(1994). Management Control in Nonprofit Organization (15th ed.).Boston, Massachusetts: Irwin, Inc.
Banerjee, M. M. (1995). Desired Service Outcome: Toward Attaining and Elusive Goal. Administration in Social Work , 19(1), 33-53.
Barker,R.L.(1991). Social Work Dictionary (2nd ed.). The NASW press.
Beverly, D. P. & McSweeney, E. A. (1987). Social Welfare and Social Justice. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Printice-Hall,Inc.
Bickman, L. (1996). Implications for Evaluators from the Fort Bragg Evaluation. Evaluation Practice , 17(1), 57-74.
Blythe,B.J. & Briar,S.(1987). Direct Practice Effectiveness. In Encyclopedia of Social Work. (18th ed.) Vol.Ⅰ, 399-407. Silver Spring , Nasw.
Boettcher, R. E. (1998). A Study of Quality- Managed Human Service Organization. Administration in Social Work,22(2), 41-56.
Bracht, N. F. (1978). Social Work in Health Care - A Guide to Professional Practice. New York: The Haworth Press.
Brooks, R. G. (1995). Health Status Measurement: A Perspective on Change. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Butrym, Z. & Horder, J. (1983). Health, Doctors and Social Workers . London: Routledge & Kegan.
Campbell, J. P. (1977). On the Nature of Organizational Effectiveness In Goodman, P. S. & Pennings, J. M. (eds.) New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carvell, F. J. (1975). Human Relations in Business (2nd) . New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.
Charnes, A.;Cooper, W.W. ; Lewin, A. Y. & Seiford, L. M. (1994). Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Application. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
Clark,C.L. & Asquith,S. (1985). Social Work and Social Philosophy: A Guide for Practice. London:RKP.
Donaldson, C. & Gerard, K. (1993). Economics of Health Care Financing: The Visible Hand. New York: St. Martin''s Press.
Dye,T.R.(1981). Understanding Public Policy (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
Eastaugh, S. R. (1992). Health Economics: Efficiency, Quality, and Public Policy: Risks, Allocation, and Equity. London: Greenwood Press.
Edwards, R. L.; Cooke P. W. & Reid P. N. (1996). Social Work Management in an Era of Diminishing Federal Responsibility . Social Work, 41(5) , 468-479.
Fein, E. & Staff, I. (1991). Measuring the Use of Time. Administration in Social Work , 15(4), 81-93.
Flanagan, H. & Spurgeon, P. (1996) . Public Sector Managerial Effectiveness: Theory and Practice in the NHS. Buckingham: Open  University Press.
Flynn, R. (1992) . Structures of Control in Health Management. London: Routledge.
Frankel, S. (1991) . Methodological Issues in Efficiency - Focused Program Evaluation: The Case of Mental Health. In Pruger, R. (ed.) Efficiency and the Social Services. New York: The Haworth Press.
Ganz, P. A. & Litwin, M. S. (1996). Measuring Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life. In Anderson, R. M. ; Rice, T. H. & Kominski, G. F. (eds.), Changing the U.S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services, Policy, and Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Germain, C.B. & Gitterman (1980) The Life Model of Social Work Practice. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gleason, J. M. & Darold T. B. (1982). Toward Valid Measures of Public Sector Productivity: Performance Measures in Urban Transit. Management Science , 28 , 379-386.
Grasso, A. J. (1994) . Management Style , Job Satisfaction, and Service Effectiveness. Administration in Social Work , 18(4),89-105.
Hailey, D. (1992). The Perspective of the Policy Maker on Health Care Research and Evaluation . In Daley, J. McDonald, I. & Willis, E. (eds.), Researching Health Care: Design, Dilemmas, Disciplines. London: Tavistock Publications.
Hale, S. & Hyde, A. C. (eds.). (1994). Reengineering in the Public Sector. Public Productivity & Management Review , 18, 127-131.
Hall, D. T. (1983). The Effect of the Individual on an Organization''s Structure , Style, and Process. In Landy, F.; Zedeck, S. & Cleveland, J. (eds.) Performance Measurement and Theory. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.
Hall, J. A. & Jensen, G. V. (1995). Social Services and the Health Field . In Johnson, H. W. (eds.) The Social Service: An Introduction (4th ed.). Itassa, Illinois: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc.
Hall, R. H. (1991). Organizations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes (5th). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Heffernan, J. (1991). Efficiency Considerations in the Social Welfare Agency . In Pruger, R. (ed.) Efficiency and the Social Services. New York:The Haworth Press, Inc.
Isaac-Henry, K.; Painter, C. & Barnes, C. (1993). Management in the Public Sector: Challenge and Change, London: Chapman and Hall.
Johnson,L.C.(1989). Social Work Practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Judge, K. & Matthews, J. (1980). Charging for Social Care: A study of Consumer Charges and the Personal Social Services. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Kaye, L. W. (1994). The Effectiveness of Services Marketing: Perceptions of Executive Directors of Gerontological Programs. Administration in Social Work, 18(2), 69-85.
Kettner,P. & Martin,L.(1990). Purchase of Service Contracting: Two Models. Administration in Social Work ,14(1),15-30.
Kettner,P. & Martin,L.(1993). Performance, Accountability, and Purchase of Service Contracting . Administration in Social Work, 17(1),61-77.
Knapp, M. (1984). The Economics of Social Care. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Knapp, M. (1991). Efficiency, Austerity, and Economics. in Pruger, R. (ed.) Efficiency and the Social Services. New York:The Haworth Press, Inc.
Knighton,A. & Heidelman,A. (1984). Managing Human Service Organizations. Social Work ,29 ,531-535.
Kronenfeld, J. J. (1993). Controversial Issues in Health Care Policy. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Kuechler,C. & Velasquez,J.(1988). An Assessment of Human Service Program Outcome Measures: Are They Credible, Feasible, Useful? Administration in Social Work, 12(3),71-89.
Latham, G. P. & Wexley, K. N. (1994). Increasing Productivity Through Performance Appraisal (2nd). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Lawlor, E. F. & Raube, K. (1995). Social Intervention and Outcomes in Medical Effectiveness Research. Social Service Review, 69(3), 383-404.
Legar, A. S.; Schnieden, H. & Walsworth-Bell, J. P. (1992). Evaluating Health Services'' Effectiveness: A Guide for Health Professionals, Service Managers and Policy Makers. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Linda, J. J. (1994). The Social Context of Health and Health Work. London: The Macmillan Press LTD.
Linden, R. M. (1994). Seamless Government: A Practical Guide to Re-engineering in the Public Sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Martin, L. L. (1993). Total Quality Management: The New Managerial Wave. Administration in Social Work , 17 (2), 1-15.
Matsuda, T.; Oota, T. & Sueyoshi, T. (1993). Implementation of Decision Support Systems: An Empirical Study of Japanese Production Control Systems. In Ijiri, Y. (ed.) Creative and Innovative Approaches to the Science of Management. London: Quorum Books.
McNeill, T. ; Nicholas, D. ; Szechy, K. ; Lach, L. (1998). Perceived Outcome of Social Work Intervention: Beyond Consumer Satisfaction. Social Work in Health Care, 26(3),1-18.
Mechling, J. (1994). Reengineering Government: Is There a "There" There? Public Productivity & Management Review , 17, 189-197.
Meyer, J. W. & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. American Journal of Sociology , 83(2), 340-363.
Millar, K. I. (1990). Performance Appraisal of Professional Social Workers .Administration in Social Work , 14(1), 65-85.
Mitchell, T. R. & O''Reilly, C. A. III (1990). Managing Poor Performance and Productivity in Organizations. In Ferris, G. R. & Rowland, K. M. (eds.) Performance Evaluation, Goal Setting, and Feedback . London: JAI Press LTD.
Monica, L. L. (1990). Management in Health Care: A Theoretical and Experiential Approach. London: The Macmillan Press LTD.
Moore, S. T. & Kelly M. J. (1996). Quality Now: Moving Human Services Organizations toward a Consumer Orientation to Service Quality. Social Work, 41(1), 33-40.
Murphy, K. R. & Cleveland, J. N. (1991). Performance Appraisal: An Organizational Perspective. Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
Newman,E. & Turem,J.(1985). The Crisis of Accountability. in Slavin,S. (ed.) Managing Finances, Personnel and Information in Human Service. New York: The Haworth Press.
Oscar, G. & Tierney, K. (1992). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Countywide Mental Health Care Systems. In Yeheskel, H. (ed.) Human Service as Complex Organizations. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Patti,R.(1987). Managing for Service Effectiveness in Social Welfare: Toward a Performance Model. Administration in Social Work, 11(3/4),7-21.
Payne, M.S.(1991). Modern Social Work Theory: A Critical Introduction. Chicago: Lyceum Books, Inc.
Pine, D. C. (1993). Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Housing and Human Service Providers. in Schmaedick, G. L. (ed.) Cost-effectiveness in the Nonprofit Sector. London: Techno Serve, Inc.
Pruger,R. & Miller,L.(1991). Efficiency and the Social Service: Part A. Part B. in Pruger,R. & Miller,L. (eds.) Efficiency and the Social Service . New York: The Haworth Press.
Quinn, R. E. & Rohrbaugh, J. (1983). A Spatial Model of Effectiveness Criteria: Towards a Competing Values Approach to Organizational Analysis. Management Science , 29, 363-377.
Quinn, R. E. (1988). Beyond Rational Management: Mastering the Paradoxes and Competing Demands of High Performance.   San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rehr, H. & Berkman, B. (1979). Patient Care Evaluation (Audits): Social Work Prerequisites and Current Approaches. In Rehr, H. (ed.) Professional Accountability for Social Work Practice: A Search for Concepts and Guidelines. New York: Neale Watson Academic Publications, Inc.
Reid, P. N. & Gundlach, J. H. (1983). A Scale for the Measurement of Consumer Satisfaction with Social Service . Journal of Social Service Research, 7(1), 37-54.
Reisman, D. (1993). The Political Economy of Health Care . New York: St. Martin''s Press, Inc.
Robbins,S.P. (1990). Organization Theory : Structure, Design, and Applications. New Jersey : Prentice Hall.
Rosenberg,G.(1984). Concepts in the Financial Management of Hospital Social Work Departments . In Lurie ,A. & Rosenberg ,G.(eds.) Social Work Administration in Health Care . New York: The Haworth Press.
Rossi, P. H. & Freeman, H. E. (1993). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
Sarri,R.C.(1982). Management Trends in the Human Services in the 1980''s. In Lebowitz,M.M.(ed.) Practice Issues in Social Welfare Administration, Policy and Planning. New York: The Haworth Press.
Sashkin, M. & Kisen, K. J. (1993). Putting Total Quality Management to Work: How to Use It and How to Sustain It over the Long Run. San Francisco: Berrett-Koohlen.
Schmaedick, G. L. (1993). Introduction: Do Nonprofit Organizations Need Cost-Effectiveness Analysis? In Schmaedick, G. L. (ed.), Cost-Effectiveness in the Nonprofit Sector . London: Quorum Books.
Schmid, H. (1992). Strategic and Structural Change in Human Service Organization: The Role of the Environment. In Grasso, A. J. & Epstin, I. (eds.) Research utilization in the Social Services: Innovations for Practice and Administration. New York: The Haworth Press.
Schwefel, D. (1983). Studies on the Cost-Effectiveness of Managing Chronic Psychotic Patients. Mannheim: WHO Planning Meeting (unpublished).
Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems (3rd). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Sengupta, J. K. (1995). Dynamics of Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory of Systems Efficiency. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Shin, J. & McClomb, G. E. (1998). Top Executive Leadership and Organizational Innovation: An Empirical Investigation of Nonprofit Human Service Organizations(HSOs). Administration in Social Work , 22(3), 1-21.
Simth,C.R.(1973), Social Workers in Hospitals: Misplaced Intruders or Essential Experts? British Medical Journal,443.
Skidmore,R.A.(1990). Social Work Administration: Dynamic Management and Human Relationships (2nd). New Jersey: Prentic-Hall,Inc.
Stanterre, R. E. & Neun, S. P. (1996). Health Economics: Theories, Insights, and Industry Studies. Burr Ridge, Illinois: Irwin.
Staw, B. M. (1983). Proximal and Distal Measures of Individual Impact: Some Comments on Hall''s Performance Evaluation Paper. In Landy, F.; Zedeck, S. & Cleveland, J. (eds.) Performance Measurement and Theory. Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.
Steer, R. M.(1977). Organizational Effectiveness: A Behavioral View. New York:Happer Collins.
Steers, R. M. (1975). Problems in the Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20, 546-548.
Steiner, R. (1977). Managing the Human Service Organization: from Survival to Achievement. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
Szilagyi,A.D.(1984). Management and Performance (2nd). New Jersey : Scott Foresman and Co. Goodyear Publishing.
Tarlov, A. R.; Ware, J. E. & Greenfield, S. (et al.) (1989). The Medical Outcomes Study: An Application of Methods for Monitoring the Results of Medical Care. Journal of the American Medical Association. 262, 925-930.
Taylor, B. J. & Devine, T. (1993). Assessing Needs and Planning Care in Social Work. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Thompson, M. S. (1980). Benefit-Cost Analysis for Program Evaluation. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
Torrance, G. W. (1986). Measurement of Health State Utilities for Economics Appraisal: A Review. In Culyer, A. J. (ed.), The Economics of Health. Brookfield, Vermont: Edward Elger Publishing Limited.
Tropp,E.(1974). Expectation , Performance, and Accountability. Social Work, 19(2),139-148.
Volland, P. J. (1984a). A Social Work Director Comments. In Lurie, A. & Rosenberg, G. (eds.), Social Work Administration In Health Care. New York: The Haworth Press.
Volland, P. J. (1984b). Costing for Social Work Services. In Lurie, A. & Rosenberg, G. (eds.) Social Work Administration In Health Care. New York: The Haworth Press.
Walshe, G. & Daffern, D. (1990). Managing Cost-Benefit Analysis. London: Macmillan Education Ltd.
Warner, K. E. & Luce, B. R. (1982). Cost-Benefit and Cost -Effectiveness Analysis in Health Care: Principles. Practice, and Potential. Michigan: Health Administration Press.
Watson,K.(1983). Efficiency versus Process. Public Welfare , 41(3),19-23.
Weatherly ,R. et al (1980). Accountability of Social Service Workers at The Front Line. Social Service Review, 54,556-571.
Wedel,K. & Golston,S.(1988). Performance Contracting for Human Services: Issues and Suggestions. Administration in Social Work,12(1),73-87.
Weinbach, R. W. (1994). The Social Worker as Manager: Theory and Practice (2nd), Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Weinstein, M. C. & Stason, W. B. (1993). Foundations of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Health and Medical Practices. In Schmaedick, G. L. (ed.) Cost-Effectiveness in the Nonprofit Sector: Methods and Examples from Leading Organizations. London: Quorum Books.
Wilson, J. & Setturlund,D.(1986). Towards Social Work Practice in General Medical Settings. Social Work in Health Care,12(2),1-3.
Wimpfheimer,S.(1993). Introduction to the Series on Liability. Administration in Social Work,17(4),1-9.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關書籍
 
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE