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題名:某些訂購批量存貨模式的推廣
作者:莊忠柱 引用關係
作者(外文):Chung-Chu Chuang
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:管理科學學系
指導教授:陳淼勝
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:經濟訂購批量交易信用報童問題分配未知Eoconomic Order QuantityTrade CreditNewsboy ProblemDistribution Free
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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訂購批量存貨模式有兩種常見的基本類型,其中常數需求率、週期性的模式稱之為經濟訂購批量模式;而隨機需求率、單期性的模式稱之為報童問題模式。
在傳統經濟訂購批量模式中,其成本的表達方式基本上是以現金表示的。由於在交易實務上,信用額度及信用期間已成為支付習慣的兩個重要項目,而使得經濟訂購批量的決定所牽涉的層面含蓋到營運資金的投資與融資。因而,本論文擬針對經濟訂購批量模式的這種交易需求,提出兩個涉及交易信用的經濟訂購批量推廣模式。
本文擬利用需求者的"可享用的信用期間"與"可享用信用額度所對應的貨品用罄時間"關係,分別建構重型需求者與輕型需求者經濟訂購批量模式。其中需求者如何在有限的信用額度與信用期間,利用現值的觀念使得存貨總成本每年年金的約當量最小化為模式的目標。如何求出模式的最佳解以及最佳解具有那些性質,則為本文主要研究內容之一。
另一方面,在傳統報童問題模式中,其決策變數基本上祇有購貨量一個決策變數;而不涉及購貨時點的選擇決策。如此,使得傳統報童問題模式應用場合受到很大的限制。概因實務上除供應商常提供價格折扣來鼓勵購貨商提早購貨外;購貨商提早購貨須提早估計貨品需求量而使得其預測偏差增加,也是購貨時點成為重要決策的原因之一。
本文擬將購貨時點納入為決策變數考慮,建立四種不同應用場合的推廣報童問題模式。其中需求量分配的考量:需求量為常態分配或需求量分配為未知(distribution free);以及缺貨現象的考量:將缺貨率視為模式的限制式或將缺貨成本計入目標函數考慮;是這四種推廣報童問題模式的主要不同點。這四種推廣報童問題模式的最佳解性質及其對環境因素的敏感度分析,則為本文的另一重要研究內容。
Two basic types of inventory model for order quantity can be found in the inventory literature. One being based on the constant demand rate and period order is economic order quantity model. Another being based on the probabilistic demand rate and one single period is newsboy problem model.
The cost is represented as cash in the conventional newsboy problem model. Both credit line and credit period are so increasingly important factors of payment behaviors in the trade practice that the economic order quantity affects the decisions of the investment and financing of working capital. According to the trade practice, We proposed two extended inventory models for economic order quantity under trade credit.
We formulated the inventory model of the heavy buyer and light buyer separately for economic order quantity on the relationship between the length of period when credit line is in the duration of consumed commodities and credit period. The objective of the buyer is to determine the economic order quantity so as to minimize the equivalent annual annuity of the total inventory cost on the concept of present value with constraints of the credit line and credit period. How to find the optimal solution of the inventory model and the characteristics of the optimal solution is the one of the focuses of this paper.
Considering the models of the newsboy problem, the only one decision variable is order quantity in the models of the conventional newsboy problem, not including the purchase timing. It limits the application to what the model can really afford. Additionally, the supplier always supplies the price discount to stimulate the buyer to purchase ahead of schedule, and this produces more forecast bias when the buyer forecasts the demand early. That’s another reason for the purchase timing to become the decision variable.
For the purchasing timing embedded in the model to be a decision variable, we set up four extended inventory models for the newsboy problem on the different scenarios. These four extended inventory models for the newsboy problem are classified by the distribution of the demand( normal distribution or distribution free) and the treatment of under-stocking (being a constraint of shortage rate or being an item of the objective cost function). The optimal solutions and sensitivity analyses of these four extended inventory models for the newsboy problem are another focu
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