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題名:中央集權與地方分權:兩岸地方菁英態度傾向之比較研究
作者:蔡天助
作者(外文):Tien-Chu Tsai
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:中山學術研究所
指導教授:黃秀端
楊日旭
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:地方菁英中央集權地方分權Local EliteLocalismCentralism
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文的主要目的,要了解兩岸地方菁英的中央-地方取向。為了達成這個目標,本文用三題來區辨出具有地方分權、中央集權以及所謂態度游移者三種。其次,本文想了解這些擁有地方統治與中央集權態度的是那些人?在目前有什麼理論可以解釋這種態度?
在整體趨勢分析方面,兩岸具有地方統治態度的人都是少數連一成都不到,在這些少數中以台灣的比例最高(7.3%)。其次是具有中央集權態度的人,從全體來看以大陸的九零年資料最高,有四成二九,第二是台灣有三成七一,第三是大陸的九六年資料有三成三。
本文嘗試著用社會化理論、角色理論與情境理論來解釋影響地方菁英態度選擇的因素。
把社會化理論中各個可能因素對兩岸地方菁英的中央集權與地方統治態度傾向的區辨能力做一總結,可以發現雖然有區辨差異的能力,但是給人一種零落、不完整且沒有系統化的感覺。
角色理論的兩個變項對大陸地方菁英的中央集權與地方分權的看法上確實有區辨力,台灣的資料沒有區辨力,只有黨籍對一題有區辨力。
在環境理論方面,以抽樣縣市、人口數與平均每戶經常性收入做操作性定義。在抽樣縣市方面,台灣資料所顯示的結果,沒有一項有區辨力。接著再看人口數與平均每戶經常性收入。台灣資料不論是從縣市人口數、平均每戶經常性收入來看,雖然有一些關聯,但卻是零散的,無法給人一種一致的感覺。台灣的情形如此大陸的資料讓人覺得雖然大陸的資料也不是非常清楚的解釋二者的關聯性,但與台灣相較卻是明顯的多。
在嘗試過以三種理論來解釋均無一項可以有系統、完整的說明後本文更進而轉向以政經、文化因素來說明。結果正因為制度選擇的不同,所發展出來的政經體系亦不同。政經體系的不同其解釋力就比較有說服力,也比較能解釋前面三種理論所無法解釋的部份。在文化因素方面更是在經由對不同文化的國家做比較後,明顯的看出不同。因此影響受訪地方菁英的中央集權與地方分權態度的因素可以說是政經體制與文化因素共同作用的結果。
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趙永茂
民國76年 「台灣省基層政治菁英之民主價值取向—鄉鎮(市)長、民意代表之分析(民國71年2月-75年5月)」,國立臺灣大學政治學研究所博士論文。
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潘扶興
民國85年 「中共中央與地方政經關係之研究」。
私立淡江大學中國大陸研究所經濟貿易組碩士論文。

賴建豪
民國88年 「中共地方政府運作機制之研究:再就業工程個案分析」。
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蔡天助
民國84年 「地方菁英的個人背景初探」。
台灣地方菁英政治文化與決策影響力研究初步成果發表會。

蔡明惠
民國76年 「現行台灣地方自治實施下之地方權力結構-河口地方派系個案分析」
國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文。

錢淑芬
民國75年 「民選政治菁英的社會流動」。東吳大學社學研究所碩士論文

鄭謙等
1988 當代中國政治體制發展概要。中共黨史資料出版社。

歐陽新宜
民國83年 「『天安門事件』對大陸省級精英任命的影響」--「第二代精英研究法」淺譯,
中國大陸研究,第37卷,第9期,頁26-40。

蘇永耀
民國85年 「美國與台灣的中共政治研究之比較:1979-1989年」。
國立臺灣大學政治學研究所碩士論文。

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英文博士學位論文:

Catterberg, Edgard
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Ph. D. Dissertation, Columbia University.

Putnam, Robert D.
1970 “ Politician and Politics: Themes in British and Italian Elite Political Culture.”
Ph. D. Dissertation, Yale University.

Rochon, Thomas Ric
1980 “ Local Elites and the Structure of Political Conflict: Parties, Unions, and Action
Groups in the Netherlands. “
Ph. D. Dissertation, The University of Michigan.

Searing, Donald De
1967 “ Rule and Habit: The Social Background Approach to Elite Analysis. “
Ph. D. Dissertation, Washington University.

Shen, Mingming
1994“ A Policy-Driven Elite Transformation and Its Outcomes:
A Case Study of The New Local Elites in China. “
Ph. D. Dissertation, The University of Michigan
 
 
 
 
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