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題名：技術創新對廠商空間決策之影響
作者：黃崇哲 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Chung Che
校院名稱：國立臺北大學
系所名稱：都市計劃研究所
指導教授：吳榮義
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：技術創新；熊彼得創新理論；都市發展模型；都市經濟力；資訊科技；策略聯盟；technology innovation；creative destruction；urban development model；urban economic attraction；information technology；alliance agreement
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摘 要
儘管許多文獻已經認知到包括水平與垂直方面的技術創新對都市發展的重要影響，但由於無法釐清技術對空間互動影響上的複雜性，造成相關學者在探討如網際網路應用對未來都市影響衝擊時，出現許多不同的爭議。因此為了更詳盡的描繪出技術創新與都市成長之間的關係，本研究將針對三個不同的主題，基於廠商的空間決策過程，利用廠商極大化利潤的行為作為前提，來對技術進步的角色做更為深入的探討，並將技術創新與都市發展的關連性加以連結。
第一個主題係基於歸納法，探討從工業革命開始的各種技術創新與都市經濟力變化的關係，同時經由各種技術創新的特性，將各項空間技術的創新，分別歸納為：運輸、生產技術、公共運輸、建築、通訊及都市環境相關等六大類技術。由於各類技術擁有不同的影響管道，影響著都市內經營的廠商利潤，也連帶影響著都市日後的發展軌跡。再整合此些各類不同的技術，可架構出整體技術創新與都市經濟力之互動關係模型，利用此一模型，吾人不僅可以明確區分各類技術對都市發展不同的影響，同時更可對未來廣泛使用網際網路的都市輪廓有一個初步的認知。這部分的研究成果，本研究架構出了技術創新對都市經濟力影響的整個流程與脈絡，可提供後續研究擴充的基礎。
接著探討當廠商面對資訊進步而改變本身資訊運用能力時，整體都市空間結構所受到的影響，本研究提出一個包含訊息使用的都市形成過程與都市空間模型，藉由分析都市空間結構的形成機制，以了解資訊交換在廠商聚集行為上所扮演的角色，並預測當資訊科技進步帶來廠商訊息蒐集成本上的改變，整體都市的地價結構與都市範圍將受到何種衝擊。本研究發現，「傳統都市」將受到資訊科技的衝擊而出現衰退的情況；相對的，「現代都市」將可以造成都市成長的現象，至於介於兩者之間的「一般都市」，都市中心部分將會因為資訊科技的運用而降低地租，但整個都市範圍則會擴大，吸引更多的廠商進駐都市之中。
最後本研究探究的主題是，資訊進步所造成行銷者與生產者之間策略聯盟的改變，用來凸顯運籌角色在廠商各項經營決策中所扮演的角色，所謂「策略聯盟」，指的是由廠商間合作關係，包括：「垂直整合」、「委託代工」與「運籌管銷」等各種模式，而各種類型的策略聯盟模式，都將影響廠商空間定價、經銷點位置、以及市場價格與數量均衡解。本研究發現，當生產者的市場結構為完全競爭時，「垂直整合」與「委託代工」模式的均衡解將完全相同，但「運籌管銷」的均衡解則會受到生產者選擇經銷點的位置而影響。相對的，若生產者壟斷上游市場，則需求函數的各項彈性，將成為決定均衡解變動方向的最主要因素。
Many articles have recognized the critical role of spatial technology innovation in stimulating cities’ growth, including horizontal and vertical technologies. These articles, however, disregard the inherent complication of technology innovations’ effect on spatial issues. Consequently, debates about new technology innovations’ impact on cities growth pattern, say response to Internet popularity, have arisen in academic discussions. To demonstrate the detail interaction between technology innovation and urban development, this study contains three essays. Each essay focuses on different issue which related the real meaning of technology innovation based on its role on the decision making process for locating firms. Thus, the maximization of firms’ profit will be the key factor to connect two sides: technology innovation and cities growth in this study.
The first essay, according to different influence on people’s spatial interaction, six kinds of innovations: transportation, production, public transportation, building, communication, and urban environment related technologies have been cataloged. Each kind of innovation has unique channel to affect the firm’s profit and cost functions. Finally, a network system will be constructed to describe the relationship between innovation and urban economic attraction. We can not only distinguish the roles of varied technology innovations in urban development pattern through such framework, but also predict further outlooks of cities with wide Internet usage.
The second essay, a simple model is presented to analyze the impacts of information technology on the urban boundary and the rent for land in a linear city. Two conclusions are derived: First, both the price fall and the information access technology progress will change the urban spatial structure. Second, the access technology progress will have different effects on urban expansion and decay corresponding to ‘Traditional City,’ ‘Modern City’ or ‘Hybrid City.’
The last, a model, which considers the alliance agreement between manufacturer and brand seller to demarcate the logistic role in a vertical cooperation, was provided to investigate the pricing policy, retail store location, and equilibrium comparison with the different strategic alliance. The model also divides manufacturer market structure to pure competition and monopoly and distinguishes the strategy alliance to vertical integration, original equipment manufacturer and logistics types. The finding of this essay suggests the supreme type of strategic alliance for both manufacturer and seller should mainly depend on elasticity of demand function on price, retail store location, and advertising.
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