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題名：斯諾與中國，一九二八至一九七二：從新聞記者到天命信差的轉變歷程
作者：張其羽
作者(外文)：Chi-yu Chang
校院名稱：淡江大學
系所名稱：美國研究所
指導教授：李本京
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：反法西斯；四海一家的兄弟情操；言論和新聞自由；天賦使命；信差；Anti-Fascism；Brotherhood；Freedom of Speech and Press；Manifest Destiny；Messenger
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　　本文的研究範圍以斯諾自一九二八年首度來華並擔任美國海外記者之後的歲月為主軸。首章為緒論，旨在揭示本文研究動機、目的、範圍、方法、資料來源，與文獻分析。第二章旨在探討成長背景、環境、學習和工作經驗對斯諾的性格與理念的影響。第三章旨在檢視中共建政前斯諾對中國的認知及言行，首先分析這段時期斯諾訪華的時空背景和意義；其次探討他與中、美朝野人士的互動情形和影響，以及他對中國時局和中美關係的認知；然後評析他個人涉入中國內部事務的程度及影響；最後則審視斯諾如何及為何用較為嚴格的標準來評判國民黨政府。第四章旨在檢視中共建政後斯諾對中國的認知及言行，首先分析斯諾在這段期間訪華的時空背景和意義；其次探討他與中共領導人和美國朝野人士之間的互動情形和影響，以及他對中國時局和中美關係的認知；然後評析他個人涉入中、美外交事務的程度及影響；最後則審視斯諾如何及為何用較為寬厚的標準來評判中共政權。第五章旨在探討斯諾在他主要的報導作品當中所反映出來的個人理念特質。首先探究紅星照耀中國裡中共紅軍領導者與戰士既崇高又平易的形象和斯諾「天命」蘊底的關聯性；其次探討大河彼岸裡「新中國」的新氣象如何滿足和扭曲了斯諾的「天命」；然後評析漫長的革命裡中國的文革形勢與斯諾的理念特質落差；最後則縱觀斯諾在這三部主要作品當中所反映出來的進取或退縮的「天命」投射現象。第六章旨在勾勒出美、中各陣營對斯諾的主流印象和評價，以襯托，補強，並總結本文觀點──即說明斯諾從新聞記者逐漸轉變成為一個具有「天命信差」特質人物的昇華和妥協歷程。第七章為結論，旨在歸納前面各章的分析，並綜合解答本文所提出的問題。本研究的發現如下：第一、斯諾在中美關係上所扮演的角色有三：一是中國苦難與進步的「見證者」暨「參與者」，二是反獨裁、反霸權、反歧視理念的「宣揚者」暨「實踐者」，三是作為外交觸媒的「獻策者」暨「傳話者」。第二、斯諾在中、美兩國之間扮演了一種類似於彌賽亞信差或使者的橋樑角色。他的救世主光環來自他對於包括中國人民在內的世界各受壓迫民族的同情心和同理心。雖然他既不是共產黨員，也不信奉馬列共產思想，但是他理解中國共產運動，關懷中國人民，有強烈的濟弱扶傾使命。他用美國的政治文化標準來衡量「訓政」時期以前的國民黨政權，並且給予毫不留情的批判，儼然以嚴格的導師自居；但是針對建政以後的中共政權，在同樣的一套價值信念之下，他卻彷彿變成了謙卑的使者，只是不斷地給予中國當局無限的包容與期待。總之，斯諾的「天賦使命」主要展現在他對於下列理念的堅持：一是四海一家之兄弟情操，二是濟弱扶傾之利他精神，三是自由民主之人權理念。其中最具矛盾與爭議性的正是第三點。是以本文主要欲藉斯諾的性格、理念和行誼事蹟來彰顯他作為一個美國記者兼新聞作家的特殊性，以瞭解其安身立身的本源、動機，和影響。本文的目的即在藉由史料和第一手文獻，歸納出斯諾所具備的「天命信差」特質，最後得出斯諾在「天賦使命」概念的正面意涵下所呈現的多重角色和理念特性，及其與中國的特殊關係，並檢視他所發揮的影響力，希望能為本地的「斯諾研究」拋磚引玉，並為日後中美交流尋得某種程度的啟示。
Title of Dissertation: 　　 Total Pages: 340
Edgar Snow and China, 1928-1972: From News Reporter to Messianic Messenger
Key words: Anti-Fascism, Brotherhood, Freedom of Speech and Press, Manifest Destiny, Messenger
Name of Institute: Graduate Institute of American Studies, Tamkang University
Graduate date: June 2001 　 Degree conferred: Ph.D.
Name of student: Chi-yu Chang 　 Advisor: Dr. Thomas B. Lee
(張其羽) 　 (李本京 博士)
Abstract:
This research is focusing on the period during which Edgar Snow had served as American overseas journalist since his arrival in China for the first time in 1928. The first chapter is an introduction that discloses the motivation, purpose, scope, methodology, material sources and established scholarship of the research. The second chapter aims to explore how Snow’s home environment, childhood, education and working experiences influence and help shape his character and thoughts. Attempting to examine how Snow perceived and interacted with China before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the third chapter analyzes the situation background on (the eve of) his visit to China and what the visit was meant to be, how he interacted with officials and civilians of the United States, how he perceived China’s situation and Sino-American relationship, how much he was involved in Chinese internal affairs and the influence of such involvement, and how and why he judged the Kuomintang regime from much more critical criteria. Aimed at examining how Snow perceived and interacted with China after the establishment of the P.R.C., the fourth chapter analyzes the situation background during his three visits to China and what they were meant to be, how he interacted with officials and civilians of the U.S., how he perceived China’s situation and Sino-American relationship, how much he was involved in the diplomatic arena between China and the U.S. and the influence of such involvement, and how and why he judged the Chinese Communist Party regime from much less critical criteria. Aiming to explore what Snow cared in the most representative books regarding his reportage of China, Chapter Five probes into the relation between the positive image of the Red Army and the “Snow” kind of manifest destiny in Red Star Over China, how the situation of the “New China” met and distorted his manifest destiny in The Other Side of the River, the differences between the essence of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and Snow’s thoughts in The Long Revolution, and how his manifest destiny in general was projected on China and shrank from what it had used to be. Chapter Six is aimed at the demonstration of each mainstream evaluation about Snow’s personal image through lens of the C.C.P., the K.M.T., and the U.S. Chapter Seven is Conclusion, which induces precedent analyses and gives answers to the questions raised. The findings of the study include that, first, in Sino-American relationship Snow acted as witness and participant of China’s misery and progress, advocator and actionist of anti-autocracy, anti-imperialism and anti-discrimination, and advisor and messenger as diplomatic catalyst; second, he served as messianic messenger who tried to save the oppressed and bridge the gap between the people of the U.S. and those of China. Although neither a communist party member nor a Marxism-Leninism believer in communism, he acknowledged the Chinese Communist movement and cares about the Chinese people, taking up a mission to strengthen the weak and help those in need. He, like a tough teacher, directly applied American value to the observation of the K.M.T. regime but later, like a humble missioner, kept accepting or euphemized how things were going in Red China. In all, Snow’s “manifest destiny” was reflected in the following qualities: brotherhood, altruism, and respect for human rights. The most controversial point is the third quality. Therefore, in terms of Snow’s character, thoughts, and activities, the research is to highlight the uniqueness of him as an American journalist and writer who had his own cultural background, motivation and sense of achievement, and influences. By means of historical records and primary sources, the study aims to scrutinize and induce Snow’s “manifest destiny” qualities on which the significance of his roles and thoughts were reflected, hoping to contribute to related studies and find out some sort of apocalypse in Sino-American exchanges.
參考書目
I. 英文資料
A. Primary Sources
1. Interview
“An Interview with Mrs. Lois Wheeler Snow.” Conducted by Chi-yu Chang.
Boston: July 20, 2000.
2. Books（依姓氏字母順序排列）
Douglass, Bruce and Ross Terrill, eds. China and Ourselves: Explorations and
Revisions by A New Generation. With a Preface by Edgar Snow. Boston:
Beacon, 1970.
Snow, Edgar. The Battle for Asia. New York: Random House, 1941.
───. Far Eastern Front. New York: Harrison Smith and Robert Haas, 1933.
───. Journey to the Beginning. New York: Random House, 1958.
───. Glory and Bondage. London: Victor Gollancz, 1945.
───, ed. Living China: Modern Chinese Short Stories. Westport, Connecticut:
Hyperion Press, 1973.
───. The Long Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1973.
───. The Pattern of Soviet Power. New York: Random House, 1945.
───. Red China Today: The Other Side of the River. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Books, 1970.
───. Red Star Over China. New York: Grove Press, 1968.
───. Stalin Must Have Peace. New York: Random House, 1947.
Snow, Helen Foster. Inside Red China. New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.
───. My China Years: A Memoir by Helen Foster Snow. London: Harrap,
1984.
───. Women in Modern China. The Hague: Mouton & Co, 1967.
3. Periodicals by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
“Lifting China Out of the Mud!” The China Weekly Review (October 10, 1928);
Folder 359; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
“The Return to China of Madame Sun Yat-sen.” The China Weekly Review (June 8,
1929); Folder 360; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The American College Boy Vagabond in the Far East.” The China Weekly Review
(July 13, 1929); Folder 360; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Saving 250,000 Lives.” The China Weekly Review (August 3, 1929); Folder 360;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“K.C. Youth Tells Eyewitness Story of Tragic Chinese Famine.” KC Journal-Post
(September 11, 1929); Folder 360; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“In the Wake of China’s Flood.” The China Weekly Review (January 23, 1932): 245;
Folder 363; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
“China Needs Healthier Leaders.” China Weekly Review 64．9 (April 29, 1933) 338-
39.
“Salute to Lu Hsun.” Democracy 1．3 (June 8, 1937); Folder 369; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Indusco Pioneers of the Northwest,” 12/23/39; Folder 94; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s New Industrial Army,” ca. 1938-40; Folder 93; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s ‘Guerrilla Industry,’” ca. 1938-1940; Folder 94; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The Generalissimo.” Asia (December 1940); Folder 371; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The Political Battle of Asia.” Smash Hitler’s International: The Strategy of a
Political Offensive against the Axis. By Edgar Snow, et. al. New York: The
Greystone Press, 1941; Folder 372; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The Kuomintang and the Bureaucracy.” China Today (April 1941); Folder 372;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Sixty Million Lost Allies.” Saturday Evening Post (June 10, 1944): 44-46.
Book review of China, The Land, and the People by Gerald F. Winfield, 12/11/48;
Folder 267; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
“In China the People Decided.” New Republic (November 7, 1949); Folder 373;
KC:19//1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Fragments from F.D.R.—Part I.” Monthly Review (January 1957); Folder 375;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Fragments from F.D.R.—Part II.” Monthly Review (March 1957); Folder 375;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“From ‘Brinkmanship’ to Negotiation: The New Conditions of U.S. Foreign Policy.”
United Asia (April 1957); Folder 375; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“One Fourth of Humanity.” Honnold Lecture (April 26, 1966); Folder 377;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“There Has Been a Revolutionary Seizure of Power: Mao and the New Mandate.”
The New Republic (May 10, 1969); Folder 324; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers, University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Mao Tse-tung and the Cost of Living: Aftermath of the Cultural Revolution.” The
New Republic (April 10, 1971): 19.
4. Interviews by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
Interview with Minister Chen Li-fu, 7/26/38; Folder 180; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow, “Conversations with Mao Tse-tung,” Tomorrow (March 20, 1940);
Folder 371; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
5. Interviews with Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
Leong Siong Yuen. “Interviewing Edgar Snow.” New China Review (November
16, 1945); Folder 554; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
The Armed Forces Radio Network: By Line (January 29, 1946); This is the draft of a
talk between Paul Freye and Edgar Snow; Folder 554; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Interview with Edgar Snow, ca. 1966-1970; Folder 205; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
6. Diaries by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
Diary #2, ca. April 1, 1929; Folder 112; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Diary #13, July 9-26, 1936; Folder 122; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Diary #14, July 1936; Folder 123; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University
of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Diary #15, July 1936; Folder 124; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University
of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
7. Letters by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 10/3/27; Folder 15; KC: 19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmannn, 12/2/27; Folder 15; KC: 19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Snows, 2/17/28; Folder 16; KC: 19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Snows, 7/9/28; Folder 17; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey Collection;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 7/28/28; Folder 17; KC: 19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 8/1/28; Folder 17; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 8/15/28; Folder 17; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Snows, 9/2/28; Folder 17; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey Collection;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 9/17/28; Folder 18; KC: 19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 9/28/28; Folder 18; KC: 19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 1/7/29; Folder 19; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 3/21/29; Folder 19; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 5/12/29; Folder 20; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Snows, 9/6/29; Folder 21; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey Collection;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 9/14/29; Folder 21; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 9/14/29; Folder 21; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to En Kung, 9/28/29; Folder 360; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 11/3/29; Folder 22; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 12/13/29; Folder 22; KC: 19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 12/19/29; Folder 22; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Horace Epes, 10/25/31; Folder 3; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archvies.
Edgar Snow to Horace Epes, 11/22/31; Folder 3; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 12/7/31; Folder 3; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 12/7/31; Folder 3; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mrs. William Brown Meloney, 5/7/33; Folder 4; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Soong Ching-ling, 5/13/33; Folder 6; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mrs. William Brown Meloney, 11/18/34; Folder 4; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 7/20/35; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Lin Yu-tang, 12/23/35; Folder 9; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Lin Yu-tang, 3/29/36; Folder 10; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to L. M. MacBride, 12/29/36; Folder 10; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to L. M. MacBride, 1/5/37; Folder 11; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Early Browder, 3/20/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Kansas Star, 6/23/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Helen F. Snow, 7/12/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Helen F. Snow, 8/12/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to J. B. Powell, 8/28/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Soong Ching-ling, 11/27/38; Folder 12; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to Mao Tse-tung, 9/30/39; Folder 89; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to J. B. Powell, 2/25/40; Folder 16; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 3/5/40; Folder 16; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Henriette Herz, 9/5/40; Folder 16; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Henry Luce, 5/7/41; Folder 17; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to Franklin Folsom, 5/19/41; Folder 17; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to Franklin Folsom, 6/6/41; Folder 17; KC:19/1/4, Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 4/1/42; Folder 34; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Jack Belden, 1/26/52; Folder 26; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 3/17/52; Folder 41; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 10/2/52; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 10/27/52; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 11/9/52; Folder 41; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 12/22/52; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 5/1/53; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 5/17/53; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 5/25/53; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mrs. R. B. Shipley, 6/12/53; Folder 31; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 6/17/53; Folder 15; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Senator Mundt, 6/24/53; Folder 42; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to President Eisenhower, 6/30/53; Folder 42; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 8/8/53; Folder 42; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to General Smith, 1/6/54; Folder 26; KC:19//1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Gentlemen, Foreign Policy Association, 8/8/54; Folder 32; KC:19/1/4,
The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 12/20/54; Folder 43; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Charles White, 12/27/54; Folder 1; KC:19/22/1, Charles White
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 6/1/55; Folder 16; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mao Tse-tung, 9/15/55; Folder 44; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Henry Luce, 3/23/56; Folder 35; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 6/5/56; Folder 45; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Robert Welch, 7/21/56; Folder 17; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to James E. Snow, 11/21/56; Folder 45; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 2/5/61; Folder 18; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mao Tse-tung, 5/10/63; Folder 48; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Ernest T. Nash, 6/10/63; Folder 48; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Kung Peng, 9/21/63; Folder 49; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mr. Chen, 1/4/64; Folder 53; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 3/8/64; Folder 53; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to Kung Peng, 9/5/64 Folder 54; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 4/13/65; Folder 53; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 4/13/65; Folder 18; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 5/22/69; Folder 18; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mao Tse-tung, 7/30/69; Folder 46; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Kenneth Shewmaker, 9/26/69; Folder 74; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Han Suyin, 12/24/69; Folder 46; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mildred Snow, 5/17/70; Folder 19; KC:19/3/1, Howard Snow
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Owen Lattimore, 5/19/70; Folder 77; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Howard Snow, 7/16/70; Folder 58; KC:19/2/1, Claude Mackey
Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Huang Hua, 7/20/70; Folder 78; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to “Friends”, 8/17/70; Folder 78; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Huang Hua, 1/30/71; Folder 80; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Chou En-lai, 3/17/71; Folder 80; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to the Editor of the New York Herald-Tribune, 4/18/71; Folder 81; KC:
19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
Edgar Snow to Chiao Kuan-hua, 5/15/71; Folder 81; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Mao Tse-tung, 5/16/71; Folder 81; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Huang Hua, 5/19/71; Folder 81; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
Edgar Snow to Birch Bayh, 6/16/71; Folder 82; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers,
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Tang Ming-chao, 6/16/71; Folder 82; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Chou En-lai, 6/16/71; Folder 82; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to H. E. Egal Allon, 8/7/71; Folder 82; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Tchen Tsche-fang, 8/10/71; Folder 82; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Edgar Snow to Huang Hua, 10/20/71; Folder 83; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
8. Letters to Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
Helen M. Loomis to Mr. and Mrs. (Helen) Snow, 6/3/41; Box 1; Nym Wales
Collection; Hoover Institution Archives.
Franklin Folsom to Edgar Snow, 6/4/41; Folder 17; KC:19/1/4, Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Chou En-lai to Edgar Snow, 5/18/42; Folder 18; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Ben Hibbs to Edgar Snow, 6/16/53; Folder 30; KC:19//1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
John K. Fairbank to Edgar Snow, 2/7/69; Folder 73; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
J. William Fulbright to Edgar Snow, 5/12/71; Folder 81; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
John K. Fairbank to Edgar Snow, 5/25/71; Folder 81; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
9. Manuscripts by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
“Communist Strength in China,” 1930; later published as “The Strength of
Communism in China,” Current History (January 1931): 521-26; Folder 209;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Mme. Sun Yat-sen, Leader of China’s Youth,” 4/27/33; Folder 211; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Censored Thought in China,” 1935; Folder 219; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s Fighting Generalissimo,” ca. 1937; Folder 225; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“War and Change in China,” ca. 1939; Folder 238; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s Precarious Unity,” 11/1/39; later published in The New Republic (January 8,
1940): 44-45; Folder 234; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers, University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s Guerrilla Industry,” ca. 1939-1940; Folder 242; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives. 亦參見Manuscript,
“China’s New Industrial Army,” ca. 1939; Folder 241.
“Guerrilla China,” 1939; Folder 237; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University
of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Asia in the Fight against Fascism,” 10/18/41; Folder 252; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The Riddle of Communist China,” 2/1/49; Folder 269; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“McCarthyism: Its Death Grip on the Republican Party,” June 1954; Folder 290;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Recognition of the Chinese People’s Republic,” July 1959; Folder 293; KC:19/1/4,
The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives
“If China Intervenes in North Vietnam,” 2/17/65; Folder 311; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China—And War and Peace”, 1965; Folder 329; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
“China in Our Future,” May 1966; Folder 316; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Lin Piao, The Helsman’s First Mate,” 9/26/66; Folder 318; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Who Is Mao Tse-tung?”, ca. 1968; Folder 323; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“The Challenge of China,” ca. 1968; Folder 333; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Mao Tse-tung, From Red Bandit to Red God,” 9/12/69; Folder 325; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China’s 70’000 Communes—Success or Failure?”, ca. 1970; Folder 339; KC:19/1/4,
The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Nixon’s Reach for the Forbidden City,” 7/23/71; Folder 338; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers, University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
10. Speeches by Edgar Snow（依時間先後排列）
“China, American, and the World War,” 1941; Folder 168; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar
Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“I Heard the Chinese People,” 7/11/49; Folder 170; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“China and Its Impact on Us,” ca. 1955; Folder 171; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.　
“China and the World Crisis,” 1956; Folder 168; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Recognition of the Chinese People’s Republic,” July 1959; Folder 173; KC:19/1/4,
The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
11. Unpublished Material by Helen Foster Snow
Helen Snow, Long Thoughts (1985) 13; Box 56; Nym Wales Collection; Hoover
Institution Archives.
12. Letter to Helen Foster Snow
Yeh Ting to Helen Snow, 10/10/39; Box 1; Nym Wales Collection; Hoover Institution
Archives.
13. Letter by Helen Foster Snow
Helen F. Snow to Richard J. Walsh, 6/24/40; Box1; Nym Wales Collection; Hoover
Institution Archives.
13. Speech by Lois Wheeler Snow
“The China I Have Known,” excerpts from Mrs. Snow’s lecture for the Carolyn
Benton Cockefair Chair (October 26, 1972); KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
14. Letter by Lois Wheeler Snow
Lois Wheeler Snow to Mildred Snow Mackey, 7/25/73; Folder 2; KC:19/3/1, Howard
Snow Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
15. Letters by Others（依時間先後排列）
Howard Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 7/12/29; Folder 20; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Howard Snow to Anna Catherine Edelmann, 11/12/29; Folder 22; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Helen F. Snow to James E. Snow, 9/27/33; Folder 6; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Mao Tse-tung to Chen Han-seng, 9/25/39; Folder 89; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Mildred Snow Mackey to Mr. Alexander, ca. 1958; Folder 47; KC:19/2/1, Claude
Mackey Collection; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
16. Government Publications（依時間先後排列）
Tydings Committee Hearings, Pt. 1, 4//25/50; Folder 31; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
McCarran Committee Hearings on IPR, Pt. 2, 8/23/51; Folder 31; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Zinner, Paul E., ed. Documents on American Foreign Relations 1955. New York:
Harper & Brothers, 1956.
───, ed. Documents on American Foreign Relations 1957. New York: Harper
& Brothers, 1958.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960: China. Vol. 19. Washington:
United States Government Printing Office, 1996.　
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963: Northeast Asia. Vol. 22.
Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1996.
Stebbins, Richard P., ed. Documents on American Foreign Relations. New York:
Harper & Row, 1964.
Stebbins, Richard P. and Elaine P. Adam, eds. American Foreign Relations 1971: A
Documentary Record. New York: New York University Press, 1976.
“Edgar Snow’s Talks with Chou En-lai.” Congressional Record—Senate (April 22,
1971): S5433-34.
Nixon, Richard. “Third Annual Report to the Congress on United States Foreign
Policy.” Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard Nixon
1972. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1974.
B. Secondary sources
1. Interview
“An Interview with Dr. Robert M. Farnsworth.” Conducted by Chi-yu Chang.
Kansas City, Missouri: July 14, 2000.
2. Books
Alley, Rewi. Six Americans in China. Beijing: Intercul, 1985.
Billington, Ray Allen. The American Frontier. Washington, D.C.: AHA, 1971.
Bernstein, Richard and Ross H. Munro. The Coming Conflict with China. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.
Burr, William, ed. The Kissinger Transcript: The Top Secret Talks with Beijing and
Moscow. New York: The New Press, 1998.
Chang, Tsan-Kuo. The Press and China Policy: The Illusion of Sino-American
Relations, 1950-1984. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1993.
Cohen, Paul A. and Merle Goldman, eds. Fairbank Remembered. Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.
Christopher, Jespersen, T. American Images of China, 1931-1949. Stanford,
California: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Davids, Jules. The United States in World Affairs. New York: Harper & Row,
1965.
Deng, Peng. China’s Crisis and Revolution through American Lenses 1944-1949.
Lanham: University Press of America, 1994.
Emery, Michael and Edwin Emery. The Press and America: An Interpretive History
of the Mass Media. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
Evans, Paul M. John Fairbank and the American Understanding of Modern China.
New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
Fairbank, John K. China: A New History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1992.
───. Chinabound: A Fifty-Year Memoir. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.
───. China Perceived: Images and Policies in Chinese-American Relations.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.
───. China Watch. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987.
───. The United States and China. 4th ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1979.
Farnsworth, Robert M. Edgar Snow’s Journey South of the Clouds. Columbia:
University of Missouri Press, 1991.
───. From Vagabond to Journalist: Edgar Snow in Asia, 1928-41. Columbia:
University of Missouri Press, 1996.
Foner, Eric and John A. Garraty, eds. The Reader’s Companion to American
History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991.
Glaser, Kurt. A Philosophy of American Foreign Policy. Taipei: Graduate Institute
of American Studies at Tamkang University, 1990.
Hamilton, John Maxwell. Edgar Snow: A Biography. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1988.
Hersh, Seymour M. The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House.
New York: Summit Books, 1983.
Hester, Joseph P. Encyclopedia of Values and ethics. Santa Barbara, California:
ABC-CLIO, 1996.
Isaacs, Harold R. Scratches on Our Minds: American Images of China and India.
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1958.
Jehlen, Myra. American Incarnation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1986.
Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Kubek, Anthony. How the Far East Was Lost: American Policy and the Creation of
Communist China, 1941-1949. Taipei: China Academy, 1979.
Lattimore, Owen. China Memoirs: Chiang Kai-shek and the War against Japan.
Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1990.
Lee, Chin-chuan, ed. Voices of China: The Interplay of Politics and Journalism.
New York: The Guilford Press, 1990.
MacFarquhar, Roderick and John King Fairbank, eds. The Cambridge History of
China, 1949-1965. Vol. 14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
MacKinnon, Stephen R. and Oris Friesen. China Reporting: An Oral History of
American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1987.
Mann, James H. About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with
China, from Nixon to Clinton. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.
Mosher, Steven W. China Misperceived. New York: BasicBooks, 1990.
Nixon, Richard. Leaders: Profiles and Reminiscences of Men Who Have Shaped the
Modern World. New York: Warner Books, 1982.
Oksenberg, Michel and Robert B. Oxnam, eds. Dragon and Eagle: United States-
China Relations: Past and Future. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Olson, Gregory A. Mansfield and Vietnam: A Study in Rhetorical Adaptation. East
Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1995.
Pratt, Keith L. Visitors to China: Eyewitness Accounts of Chinese History. New
York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
Paterson, Thomas G., et. al. American Foreign Policy: A History / to 1914. 3rd ed.
Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath and Company, 1988.
Powell, John B. My Twenty-Five Years in China. New York: Macmillan, 1945.
Rand, Peter. China Hands: The Adventures and Ordeals of the American Journalists
Who Joined the Great Chinese Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster,
1995.
Rivers, William L. The Opinionmakers. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965.
Robertson, James Oliver. American Myth, American Reality. New York: Hill &
Wang, 1980.
Sabine, George H. and Thomas L. Thorson. A History of Political Theory. 4th ed.
Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1973.
Schaller, Michael. The United States and China in the Twentieth Century. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Scruton, Roger. A Dictionary of Political Thought. London: Pan Books, 1983.
Shao, Kuo-kang. Zhou Enlai and the Foundations of Chinese Foreign Policy.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
Skidmore, Max J. Legacy to the World: A Study of America’s Political Ideas. New
York: Peter Lang, 1998.
Speake, Jennifer, ed. A Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Pan Books, 1979.
Terrill, Ross. China in Our Time: The Epic Saga of the People''s Republic from the
Communist Victory to Tiananmen Square and Beyond. New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1992)
───. Mao: A Biography. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.
Thomas, S. Bernard. Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1996.
Tsou, Tang. America’s Failure in China, 1941-50. Vol. 1. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Tucker, Nancy B. Patterns in the Dust: Chinese-American Relations and the
Recognition Controversy, 1949-1950. New York: Columbia University Press,
1983.
Turner, Frederick Jackson. Frontier and Section. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall,
1961.
Patrick Tyler. A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China. New York: PublicAffairs,
1999.
Weinberg, Albert K. Manifest Destiny: A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in
American History. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1963.
Wilhelm, Alfred D., Jr. The Chinese at the Negotiating Table: Style and
Characteristics. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press,
1994.
3. Letter
Yeh Ting to Philippine Anti-Enemy Association and Friends of the International Co-
operative Center in Anhwei, 10/10/39; Folder 89; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow
Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
4. Unpublished Material
Boorstin, Robert Olsan. “Edgar Snow and America’s Search for a Better China: The
Making of Red Star Over China, 1928-38.” Thesis, Harvard University, 1981.
Erickson, Bruce R. “The Reporting of Edgar Snow.” Thesis, University of Kansas,
1976.
Hamilton, John Maxwell. “Edgar Snow: A China Hand in Perspective.” Thesis,
Boston University, 1974.
Long, Kelly Ann. “To the Yen-An Station: The Life and Writing of Helen Foster
Snow.” Dissertation, University of Colorado, 1998.
5. Periodicals
“Adventure-Paced Life of Edgar Snow.” Mainichi Daily News (August 6, 1996): 1.
Alexander, Jan. “The Man Who Made Mao.” Far Eastern Economic Review 159．
8 (November 28, 1996): 62-63.
“Author Sees U.S.-Red China Talks.” The Honolulu Advertiser (October 30, 1959);
Folder 555; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
Buck, Pearl S. “Pearl Buck Suggests These Books on China.” Romeike Press
Clippings (October 11, 1942); Folder 554; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Cerf, Bennett A. “A Matter of Timing.” Publishers Weekly (February 12, 1938);
Folder 553; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
Chou, En-lai. “Condolence: Chou En-lai to Lois Snow,” (February 16, 1972); Folder
558; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
Cloud, Barbara. “Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China / From
Vagabond to Journalist: Edgar Snow in Asia, 1928-1941.” Journalism History
22．4 (Winter 1997): 170-71.
Deane, Hugh. “‘Red Star Over China’: The Author and His Critics.” Beijing
Review 31‧38 (September 1988): 32-38.
Dong, Leshan. “Edgar Snow and ‘Red Star Over China.’” China Reconstructs
31．2 (February 1982); Folder 559; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Edgar Snow Sees China in UN within a Year.” Daily People’s World, 3/14/55;
Folder 34; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
Epstein, Israel. “Smedley, Strong, Snow—Bridge Builders from People to People.”
Beijing Review 28‧28 (July 1985): 15-18, 23.
Fairbank, John K. “China’s Foreign Policy in Historical Perspective.” Foreign
Affairs: An American Quarterly Review 47‧3 (April 1969): 449-63.
───. “Edgar Snow in Red China.” The Atlantic Monthly (undated); Folder 560;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
Farmer, Edward L. “From Admiration to Confrontation: Six Decades of American
Reporting about China.” Media Studies Journal 13．1 (Winter 1999): 136-43.
Hamilton, John Maxwell. “Edgar Snow—Finally a Prophet in His Own Country.”
China and US 2．5 (September-October 1974); Folder 557; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Heathcote, Mary. “Edgar Snow: 1905-1972.” University Review (April 1972);
Folder 557; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
Gao, Liang. “The Legacy of Edgar Snow.” Beijing Review 33．45 (November 5,
1990): 30-33.
Garner, Karen. “Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China.” Pacific Affairs
71．1 (Spring 1998): 94-95.
I.C.S., “Living China.” The China Critic 16．5 (February 4, 1937); Box 24; Nym
Wales Collection; Hoover Institution Archives.
“Japan Should Be Neutral Power, Says Edgar Snow.” The Mainichi (November 5,
1959); Folder 555; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Judd, Walter H. “Vital Speeches: What Is the Truth about China?” 6/1/45; Vol. 11;
MSS#122, Agnes Smedley Collection; Arizona State University Archives.
Lill, Elizabeth. “Journalist Snow Achieves Success: Son of Former Winfieldian
Makes Mark In Orient.” Winfield Independent-Record (1933); Folder 553;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
Ling, Yang. “Helen Snow: A Living Bridge.” Beijing Review 35‧7 (February
17-23, 1992): 33-36.
───. “Snow’s ‘Red Star’ Holds Lasting Appeal.” Beijing Review 31‧38
(September 19, 1988): 29-30.
Lobanov-Rostovsky, Mary. “U.S.-China Policies Called ‘Out of Step,’” 4/8/58;
Folder 555; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas
City Archives.
“Mao’s Columbus.” Time (February 28, 1972): 31.
Mathews, Jay. “Edgar Snow Told You So: Why China’s Great Leap Backward
Should Come as No Surprise.” Washington Monthly 21‧6 (July-August
1989): 50-54.
Mirsky, Jonathan. “Message from Mao: Edgar Snow: A Biography.” The New
York Review 36 (February 16, 1989): 15-17.
Nakao, T. “Today’s Interview: Author of ‘Red Star Over China.’” The Mainichi
(November 19, 1959); Folder 555; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Newman, Robert P. Newman. “Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China.”
The Journal of American History 83．4 (March 1997): 1464-65.
“News about Mr. Edgar Snow.” Tao Kung Pao (August 4, 1939); Folder 553;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
Nixon, Richard M. “Asia after Viet Nam.” Foreign Affairs: An American
Quarterly Review 46．1 (October 1967): 111-25.
Powell, John W. “Edgar Snow.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 45．5 (June
1989): 41-42.
Price, Ruth. “Agnes Smedley and Her Biography of Zhu De.” Beijing Review 31‧
36 (September5-11 1988): 32-35.
“Red China Slated as No. 3 Power in Industry Field.” Lawrence-Journal (March 8,
1962); Folder 556; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-
Kansas City Archives.
Service, John. “Edgar Snow: Some Personal Reminiscences.” The China
Quarterly (April/June 1972): 213.
Silbes, Irwin. “800 million Chinese Can’t Be Wrong,” 10/19/68; Fold 531;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
“Snow: China Press Not American Type.” University Daily Kansan (March 8,
1962); Folder 556; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of
Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
“Snow Urges U.S. Beat Reds with Aid to Backward Lands.” The Independent Press
Telegram (March 6, 1955); Folder 34; KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers;
University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Thumana, Maung. “Reporter of the World,” ca. 1948; Folder 554; KC:19/1/4, The
Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City Archives.
Topping, Seymour. “China’s Best American Friend.” The New York Times Book
Review 94 (January 8, 1989): 13.
Wang, Fushi. “Red Star Over China: The First Chinese Edition.” Beijing Review
31‧34 (October 1988): 35-37.
Wang, Jian. “Edgar Snow and His Followers.” Beijing Review 35 (October 1992):
47-48.
Yan, Liqun. “Journalist Traces Life of Edgar Snow.” Beijing Review 31‧40
(October 3, 1988): 36-38.
Yang, Yuli. “Developing Friendship: The Spirit of Edgar Snow.” Beijing Review
35 (1992) 36.
Zagoria, Donald. “Significant Books of the Last 75 Years: Asia and the Pacific.”
Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review (September / October 1997)
233-35.
II. 中文資料
A. 原始資料
1. 專書
吳黎平譯。毛澤東自述。Edgar Snow 原著及整理。台北：地球出版社，一九九
四年。
劉炳章等譯。重返中國。Helen Foster Snow原著。Return to China。北京：中國
發展出版社，一九九五年。
2. 斯諾著作之中文譯本
中國新聞出版社編譯。中國新女性。Helen Foster Snow原著。Women in Modern
China。北京：中國新聞出版社，一九八五年。
宋久等譯。復始之旅。Edgar Snow原著。Journey to the Beginning。重慶：新華出
版社，一九八四年。
李方准、梁民譯。紅星照耀中國。Edgar Snow原著。Red Star Over China。石家莊：
河北人民出版社，一九九二年。
陳雲翩譯。漫長的革命。Edgar Snow原著。The Long Revolution。香港：南粵出版
社，一九七三年。
華誼譯。旅華歲月──海倫．斯諾回憶錄。Helen Foster Snow原著。My China
Years—A Memoir by Helen Foster Snow。上海：上海人民出版社，一九九五
年。
陶宜、徐復譯。續西行漫紀。Helen Foster Snow原著。Inside Red China。北京：
三聯書店，一九九一年。
新民譯。大河彼岸：今日紅色中國。Edgar Snow原著。Red China Today: The Other
Side of the River。重慶：新華出版社，一九八四年。
3. 研究斯諾著作之中文譯本
吳乃華等譯。冒險的歲月──埃德加．斯諾在中國。S. Bernard Thomas原著。Season
of High Adventure。北京：世界知識出版社，一九九九年。
吳心伯譯。蔣介石的美國顧問──歐文．拉鐵摩爾回憶錄。Owen Lattimore原著。
China Memoirs: Chiang Kai-shek and the War against Japan。上海：復旦大學出
版社，一九九六年。
柯為民、蕭耀先譯。埃德加．斯諾傳。John Maxwell Hamilton原著。Edgar Snow:
A Biography。瀋陽：遼寧大學出版社，一九九○年。
徐存堯譯。在中國的六個美國人。Rewi Alley原著。Six Americans in China。北京：
新華出版社，一九八五年。
許綬南譯。即將到來的中美衝突。Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro原著。The
Coming Conflict with China。台北：麥田，一九九七年。
張理京譯。美國與中國。第四版。John K. Fairbank原著。The United States and
China。北京：世界知識出版社，二○○○年。
陳同等譯。費正清看中國。Paul M Evans原著。John Fairbank and the American
Understanding of Modern China。北京：世界知識出版社，一九八五年。
陸惠勤等譯。費正清對華回憶錄。John K. Fairbank原著。Chinabound: A Fifty-Year
Memoir。上海：知識出版社，一九九一年。
新中國出版社譯。遠東是怎樣失去的。Anthony Kubek原著。How the Far East Was
Lost。台北：新中國出版社，一九七○年。
4. 斯諾檔案
「施樂君論解放新聞」，北平晨報 (一九三六年二月九日)：第六版; Folder 553;
KC:19/1/4, The Edgar Snow Papers; University of Missouri-Kansas City
Archives.
B. 次要資料
1. 學術訪談
張其羽。「張注洪教授訪談」。北京：二○○○年十一月七日和二○○一年二月
十二日。
───。「裘克安教授訪談」。北京：二○○一年二月十五日。
2. 專書
方曉主編。中共黨史辨疑錄。太原：山西教育出版社，一九九一年。
文林譯。長征。Harrison E. Salisbury原著。The Long March: the Untold Story。台
北：麥田，一九九五年。
王紹光。理性與瘋狂：文化大革命中的群眾。香港：牛津大學出版社，一九九三
年。
王維禮、高二音主編。蔣介石的文臣武將。孟津：河南人民出版社，一九八九年。
尹均生主編。二十世紀永恒的紅星。武漢：華中師範大學出版社，一九九八年。
───編。斯諾怎樣寫作。孝感：湖北人民出版社，一九八六年。
───、安危。斯諾。北京：人民日報出版社，一九九七年。
尹慶耀。中共外交與對外關係。台北：中華民國國際關係研究所，一九七三年。
杜維運。史學方法論。第十三版。台北：三民書局，一九九五年。new window
李本京。七十年中美關係評估：一九一三～一九八四。台北：黎明，一九八八年。
李本京主編。「美國亞洲政策的制定──兼論保守主義與自由主義之歷史因素」。
美國外交政策研究。台北：正中書局，一九八七年。
李谷城。中國大陸政治術語。台北：淑馨出版社，一九九二年。
肖玉編。周恩來：領袖交往實錄系列。成都：四川人民出版社，一九九二年。
沈蘇儒譯。宋慶齡傳：從孫中山到毛澤東的革命之路（下卷）。Israel Epstein原
著。Woman in World History: Life and Times of Soong Ching Ling。台北：日
臻出版，一九九四年。
宋一秀、楊梅葉編著。毛澤東的人際世界。北京：紅旗出版社，一九九二年。
杜蒲、李玉玲譯。毛澤東的中國及後毛澤東的中國--人民共和國史。Maurice
Meisner 原著。Mao’s China and after: A History of the People’s Republic。成
都：四川人民出版社，一九九○年。
武際良。斯諾傳奇。北京：華藝出版社，一九九五年。
尚明軒、唐寶林。宋慶齡傳。北京：北京出版社。一九九○年。
孫振皋譯。延安精神──戰時中美友好篇章。John G. Colling原著。The Spirit of
Yanan。北京：華藝出版社，一九九二年。
孫文。三民主義。台北：中央文物供應社，一九八八年。
徐隆德譯。中國人與美國人。許烺光原著。Americans and Chinese。台北：巨流
圖書公司，一九八八年。
徐學初、周永章。毛澤東眼中的美國。北京：中國文史出版社，一九九七年。
宮力。毛澤東與美國。北京：世界知識出版社，一九九九年。
張注洪。中國現代史論稿。北京：北京圖書館出版社，一九九七年。
張彥。愛潑斯坦。北京：人民日報出版社，一九九六年。
張連康譯。知識分子與中國革命，１８９５－１９８０。Jonathan D. Spence原
著。The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution, 1895-
1980。台北：絲路出版社，一九九四年。
───譯。周恩來與現代中國，一八九八～一九七六。韓素音原著。Eldest Son:
Zhou Enlai and the Making of Modern China, 1898-1976。台北：絲路出版社，
一九九五年。
章建剛等譯。劍橋中華民國史（第二部）。John K. Fairbank主編。The Cambridge
History of China: Republic of China, Part 2。上海：上海人民出版社，一九
九二年。
馮嘉琳。史迪威將軍。北京：中國和平出版社，二○○○年。
陳一新。斷交後的中美關係，一九七九－一九九四。台北：五南，一九九五年。
陳永發。中國共產革命七十年（上）。台北：聯經，一九九八年。new window
───。中國共產革命七十年（下）。台北：聯經，一九九八年。
───。延安的陰影。台北：中央研究院近代史研究所，一九九○年。
陳毓鈞。戰爭與和平：解析美國對華政策。台北：環宇出版社，一九九七年。
郭廷以。近代中國史綱（下冊）。香港：香港中文大學，一九八六年。
郭濟祖譯。美利堅在中國。Michael Schaller原著。The U.S. Crusade in China。台
北：南方叢書出版社，一九八七年。
陶文釗、梁碧瑩主編。美國與近現代中國。北京：中國社會科學出版社，一九九
六年。
傅虹霖。張學良與西安事變。台北：時報文化，一九八九年。
黃枝連。替天行道之國──美式文明在亞太地區的移植。台北：人間出版社，一
九九四年。
裘克安編。斯諾在中國。北京：三聯書店，一九八二年。
楊仁生。美蘇中（共）三角關係的「中蘇共關係」因素。台北：山遠出版社，一
九九一年。
楊玉聖。中國人的美國觀--一個歷史的考察。上海：復旦大學出版社，一九九六
年。
楊青譯。早晨的洪流。韓素音原著。The Morning Deluge: Mao Tsetung and the
Chinese Revolution, 1893-1954。香港：南粵出版社，一九七四年。
解力夫。毛澤東面對美國。北京：中央文獻出版社，二○○○年。
萬亞剛。國共鬥爭的見聞。台北：李敖出版社，一九九○年。
葉寄民譯。中國近現代史。小島晉治、丸山松幸原著。台北市：帕米爾書店，一
九九二年。
葉麗瑹主編。來自異國的朋友──在中國有過特殊經歷的外國人。北京：解放軍
出版社，一九九三年。
裴堅章主編。毛澤東外交思想研究。北京：世界知識出版社，一九九四年。
廖瑞銘主編。大不列顛百科全書。第六冊。台北：丹青圖書公司，一九八七年。
廖朝陽、王鴻仁譯。歷史的教訓。Richard E. Neustadt and Ernest R. May原著。
Thinking in Time: The Uses of History for Decision-makers。台北：聯經，一
九九一年。
趙怡。美國新聞界對中國戡亂戰爭報導之研究。台北：黎明，一九八五年。
趙無眠。百年功罪。香港：明鏡出版社，一九九九年。
黎永泰。毛澤東與美國。昆明：雲南人民出版社，一九九三年。
劉力群編。紀念埃德加．斯諾。北京：新華出版社，一九八四年。
劉力群等編。斯諾在內蒙古。呼和浩特：內蒙古人民出版社，一九八七年。
蔣建農、王本前。斯諾與中國。哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社，一九九三年。
蔣建農、曹志為。走近毛澤東：一個外國人與新中國元首的交往。北京：團結出
版社，一九九○年。
鄧正來主編。布萊克維爾政治學百科全書。Vernon Bogdanor原編。The Blackwell
Encyclopaedia of Political Thought。北京：中國政法大學出版社，一九九二
年。
盧子健。一九四九年以後中共外交史。台北：風雲論壇出版社，一九九○年。
譚外元、郭六雲編著。斯諾。瀋陽：遼海出版社，一九九八年。
競鴻、吳華編著。毛澤東生平實錄。長春：吉林人民出版社，一九九二年。
嚴家其、高皋。文化大革命十年史（上）。台北：遠流，一九九○年。
3. 中文譯本
于殿利、陸日宇譯。美國的中國形象。Harold R. Isaacs原著。Scratches on Our
Minds: American Images of China。北京：時事出版社，一九九九年。
王寧、周先進譯。美國在中國的失敗。Tang Tsou原著。America’s Failure in China,
1941-50。上海：上海人民出版社，一九九七年。
文林譯。毛澤東大傳：他的傳奇一生（上冊）。Ross Terrill原著。Mao: A Biography。
台北：麥田，一九九三年。
尤勰譯。改變歷史的領袖。Richard M. Nixon原著。Leaders。台北：貓頭鷹出版
社，二○○○年。
朱政惠等譯。費正清的中國世界：同時代人的回憶。Paul A. Cohen and Merle
Goldman主編。Fairbank Remembered。上海：東方出版中心，二○○○年。
李輝、應紅譯。走進中國。Peter Rand原著。China Hands: The Adventures and
Ordeals of the American Journalists Who Joined the Great Chinese
Revolution。北京：文化藝術出版社，二○○一年。
林添貴譯。談判桌上的中國人。Alfred D. Wilhelm, Jr.原著。The Chinese at the
Negotiating Table。台北：新新聞文化，一九九五年。
───譯。轉向：從尼克森到柯林頓美中關係揭密。James H. Mann原著。About
Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to
Clinton。台北：先覺，二○○○年。
───、顧淑馨譯。大外交。Henry A. Kissinger原著。Diplomacy。台北：智庫文
化，一九九八年。
賈秀東等譯。美國神話美國現實。James Oliver Robertson原著。American Myth,
American Reality。北京：中國社會科學出版社，一九九○年。
聯合報編譯組譯。中美交鋒。Patrick Tyler原著。A Great Wall: Six Presidents and
China。台北：聯經，二○○○年。
4. 學術論文
尹均生。「西行漫記中文版出版前後──中國出版史上的一個範列」。第九屆埃
德加．斯諾學術研討會論文。二○○○年十月十八日。頁一至四。
李玫蓉。「太平洋學會與美國對華政策」。台灣師範大學碩士論文，一九九九年。
林立樹。「司徒雷登調解國共衝突之理念與實踐」。淡江大學博士論文，一九九new window
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