多巴胺與經濟條件的操弄對大白鼠選擇行為的影響__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	多巴胺與經濟條件的操弄對大白鼠選擇行為的影響
作者：	郭俊顯
作者(外文)：	Curler Chun-Hsien Kuo
校院名稱：	國立中正大學
系所名稱：	心理學研究所
指導教授：	蕭世朗
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2002
主題關鍵詞：	多巴胺；行為經濟學；需求曲線；需求彈性；經濟型態；成本效益分析；單位價格；取代；dopamine；behavioral economics；demand curve；demand elasticity；economy type；cost-benefit analysis；unit price；substitution
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
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摘要
行為經濟學將個體經濟學引入動物行為的實驗分析之中，探討經濟條件與物品之間的交互作用如何影響動物行為。本論文利用行為經濟學的原理設計實驗，探討動物實驗中的成本與效益、經濟情境、所得水準如何影響動物行為。在實驗一中採用滑門設計配合不同成本與效益組合成的經濟情境，發現動物對糖水的的飲量與偏好會受到經濟情境的影響，且安非他命會促進糖水偏好。在實驗二中，在不同的經濟型態與所得水準測量動物對糖水的需求曲線，結果發現：所得水準的操弄沒有效果，糖水價格會影響糖水的需求彈性，經濟型態會影響多巴胺藥物是否表現效果。在閉鎖經濟型態中，安非他命會在低價格提高糖水偏好，但在高價格降低糖水偏好，多巴胺拮抗劑haloperidol在低價格提高糖水偏好，但在中至高價格降低偏好，且只在中等價格引發純水取代糖水的現象。但是經濟型態並未改變糖水的需求彈性，因此上述效果並非來自需求彈性的改變。在實驗三建立了快速測量動物的糖水需求曲線方法。在實驗四，利用快速需求曲線探討多巴胺D1與D2受體促進劑(SKF38393與bromocriptine)與拮抗劑(SCH23390與haloperidol)藥物的效果，結果發現只有D2受體的藥物會引發取代作用，但並未改變糖水的需求彈性，因此此種取代現象並非因需求彈性改變導致的。實驗五探討依核注射多巴胺D1受體拮抗劑SCH23390與D2受體拮抗劑haloperidol對快速需求曲線的影響，兩類藥物都降低糖水偏好，但同樣只有D2受體拮抗劑引發取代現象，此取代也並非糖水需求彈性改變引起的。在實驗六，比較了年齡對糖水偏好與多巴胺藥物的效果，老老鼠有較多的飲量與較低的糖水偏好，且安非他命降低老老鼠的糖水偏好，但提高年輕老鼠的糖水偏好。總結本論文的結果發現：價格、經濟型態與年齡這些經濟條件會影響多巴胺藥物效果的表現或與否與作用的方向。
關鍵詞：多巴胺、行為經濟學、滑門設計、需求曲線、經濟型態、所得水準、單位價格、需求彈性、SKF38393、SCH23390、bromocriptine、haloperidol、年齡、成本效益分析、偏好

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Abstract
Behavioral economics uses the principles of microeconomics in the experimental analysis of animal behavior to investigate how economic factors and commodities interact to influence animal behaviors. In this study, the experiments were designed to understand the way cost and benefit factors, economy type and income level influence behaviors. In experiment 1, the sliding door design was used in the economic situations with different cost and benefit combinations. It was found that sucrose intake volume and preference was affected by these situations. Amphetamine facilitated sucrose preference in all situations. In experiment 2, demand curve of sucrose was measured in different economy type (closed or open) and income level. Results showed that income level did not affect either sucrose intake or preference. Unit price of sucrose changed the demand elasticity. Economy type affected whether the effect of dopaminergic agents was detected or not. In closed economy, amphetamine increased sucrose preference in low price situaions but decreased it in higher prices. Dopamine antagonist haloperidol also increased sucrose preference in low price, but decreased in medium to high prices. In addition, it induced water substitution in medium price. Since economy type did not change demand elasticity of sucrose, the above changes can not be attributed to the change of demand elasticity. In experiment 3, a method of rapid demand curve was developed. In experiment 4, the rapid demand curve was used to investigate the effects of systemic dopamine agonists, SKF3893 and bromicriptine, and antagonists, SCH23390 and haloperidol. Results indicated that only D2-specific agents induced water substitution, but they did not change demand elasticity of sucrose. In experiment 5, microinjection of either SCH23390 or haloperidol into nucleus accumbens decreased sucrose preference, but only haloperidol induced substitution. This substitution was not due to change of demand elasticity either. In experiment 6, sucrose preference and effect of dopaminergic agents on preference in young and aged rats were compared. Aged rats drank more sucrose and had less sucrose preference. Amphetamine had different effects in two groups, the drug decreased preference in aged rats but increased it in young rats. In conclusion, the effect of dopamine agents was dependent on unit price of commodity, economy type and age.
Keywords： Dopamine, Behavioral Economics, Sliding Door Design, Demand Curve, Economy Type, Income Level, Unit Price, Demand Elasticity, SKF38393, SCH23390, bromocritpine, haloperidol, age, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Preference

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