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題名：新產品開發速度影響因素之實證研究--以IC設計業為例
作者：蔡坤宏 引用關係
作者(外文)：Kuen-Hung Tsai
校院名稱：國立臺北大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系
指導教授：黃營杉
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：新產品開發；開發速度；創新度；複雜度；New Product Development；Development Speed；innovativeness；complexity
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本篇論文藉由影響產品開發速度因素權變關係的檢視，主要在回答一個問題: 顯著影響產品開發速度的因素為何?見於IC設計向來以產品創新取勝。因此，本研究選擇IC設計業之產品開發專案為觀察對象。95%信賴水準及5%誤差容忍度之條件下，預計抽取96家廠商進行調查或訪問。問卷回收67份，回收率約70%。樣本中，共含207個產品開發專案(微元件類產品約32%、記憶體類產品約29%、邏輯IC類產品約22%、類比IC類約17%)。
統計分析採tobit模式，不假設資料為常態分佈，利用加權最小平方法估計模式。分析結果發現：(1)產品創新度較高，較周詳之前置作業有助於提高產品開發速度；反之，產品創新度較低，較周詳之前置作業對提高產品開發速度沒有明顯的幫助。(2)無論產品創新度高或低，平行作業對縮短開發時間有著明顯的幫助。(3)創新度較高，反覆設計的結果有助於加速產品的開發；創新度較低，反覆設計的影響不明顯。(4)創新度較高，較多的測試可以提高產品的開發速度；創新度較低，較多測試的影響則不明顯。(5)創新度較高，設定較多的檢查點有助於縮短開發時間；創新度較低，較少的查核點可加速產品的開發。查核間距對產品開發速度的影響，不因複雜度高低而有別。(6)創新度較高，軟體應用程度對縮短開發時間的正面影響較為明顯。其次，創新度較低，軟體應用對加速產品開發的影響程度隨複雜度的提高而更為明顯。(7)創新度較高，交互(跨)功能團隊較早參與，對縮短開發時間的正面影響程度較為明顯。(8)創新度較高，較高的團隊自主性對降低產品開發時間之影響效果不明顯；創新度較低，較低之團隊自主性，產品開發速度較快。(9)創新度較高，團隊領導者豐富的經驗可能拉長產品的開發時間；創新度較低，團隊領導者豐富的經驗則有助於加速產品的開發。(10)創新程度較高，團隊的開發經驗無助於加速產品的開發；反之，創新度較低，團隊的開發經驗則明顯縮短產品開發時間。(11)創新度較高，強調時程的達成無助於加速產品的開發；反之，創新程度較低，以時程達成為績效的比重提高則有助於縮短產品開發時間。(12)創新度較高，較長供應商參與時間的有助加速產品的開發；反之，創新度較低，供應商參與時間的長短，則無益於降低產品的開發時間。此外，供應商參與時間之長短對產品開發速度的影響，無論在創新度高或低時，受複雜度的影響皆不明顯。
這些發現意涵著：(1) 隨著產品創新度的提高，周詳的前置作業、執行同步作業、進行反覆設計與測試、即時掌握開發進度、跨功能團隊的宜即早參與、整合供應商參與對縮短產品開發時間有明顯的幫助。(2) 隨著產品創新度的降低，放寬查核點的間隔時間、經驗的累積及強調時程對加速產品開發的幫助較大。(3) 廣泛地應用軟體工具，降低產品開發的複雜度，明顯提高產品的開發速度。
The dissertation aims to examine the effects of the factors speeding up new product development. IC product development projects are investigated because the importance of product innovation in IC design industry. Based on 95% confidence level and 5% tolerance limits of error, ninety six firms need to be investigated. We received 67 questionnaires. The response rates are about 70%. A total of 207 product development projects which consist Micro(32%), Memory(29%), Logic(22%), and Analog(17%) are analyized.
Tobit model is employed since the development speed is a limited-dependent variable. Because the assumption that the data distribution is normal does not hold, thus we use the weighting least squared method(WLS) to estimate the tobit model. The results show that: (1) While the product innovativeness is higher, the factors speeding up product development are up-front homework, paralell processing, designs iteration, extensive testing, and cross-functional team; (2) While the product innovativeness is lower, the factors reduce the development time are milestone distance and the experience from the development team; (3) While the product complexity is higher, software tools are available to reduce the development cycle time.
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