參考文獻：
中文部分
1. 吳肇銘，”影響網站使用意向之因素研究─以入門網站為例”，中央大學博士論文，1998。
2. 李素卿譯，當代教育心理學，五南圖書出版公司，1999。
3. 孫培真，”影響非同步網路學習系統接受度與滿意度之因素：一個以結構化理論為基礎之研究”，中山大學博士論文，2000。英文部分
1. Ajzen, Fishbein, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An introduction to theory and research, Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1975.
2. Alavi, M., “Computer-Mediated Collaborative Learning: An Empirical Evaluation”, MIS Quarterly, June 1994, pp.159-173.
3. Anderson, Lorraine P., Steven R. Banks, Paul A, Leary, “The Effect of Interactive Television Courses on Student Satisfaction”, Journal of Education for Business, January/February 2002, 164-168.
4. Anson, Chris M., “Distance Voices: Teaching and Writing in a Culture of Technology”, College English, Vol.61, No.3, January 1999, pp.261-280.
5. Anson, R., Robert Bostrom, Bayard Wynne, “An Experiment Assessing Group Support System and Facilitator Effects on Meeting Outcomes”, Management Science, Vol.41. No.2, February 1995, pp.189-207.
6. Arbaugh J. B., “Virtual Classroom Versus Physical Classroom: an exploratory study of class discussion patterns and student learning in an asynchronous internet-based MBA course”, Journal of Management Education, Vol.24, No.2, April 2000, pp.213-233.
7. Arbaugh, J. B., “How Instructor Immediacy behaviors Affect Student Satisfaction and Learning in Web-Based Courses”, Business Communication Quarterly, Vol.64, No.4, December 2001, pp.42-54.
8. Arbaugh, J.B., “Virtual Classroom Characteristics and student satisfaction with internet-based MBA Courses”, Journal of Management Education, Vol.24, No.1, February 2000, pp.32-54.
9. Aydin, Carolyn E., Ronald E. Rice. “Social worlds, individual differences, and implementation: predicting attitudes toward a medical information system”, Information & Management, Vol.20, 1991, pp.119-136.
10. Bailey, James E. and Sammy W. Pearson, “Development of a Tool for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction”, Management Science, Vol. 29, No.5, May 1983, pp. 530-545.
11. Berg, Zane, “Characteristics of Online Teaching in Post-Secondary Formal Education”, Educational Technology, May-June, 1997, pp.35-47.
12. Boiney, Lindsley G., “Reaping the Benefits of Information Technology in Organizations”, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol.34, No.3, September 1998, pp.327-346.
13. Braskamp, Larry A., Dale C. Brandenbury, and John C. Ory, Evaluating Teaching Effectiveness: A Practical Guide, Sage Publications,1984.
14. Bryson, N., “Group Decision-Making and the Analytic Hierarchy Process: exploring the consensus-relevant information content”, Computers Operations Researches, Vol.23, No.1, 1995, pp.27-35.
15. Budd, John W., “Teaching Labor Relations: Opportunities and Challenges of Using Technology”, Journal of Labor Research, Vol.23, No.3, Summer 2002, pp.355-374.
16. Burns, J., J. Clift and J. Duncan, “Understanding of Understanding implications for learning and teaching”, British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.61, 1990, pp.276-289.
17. Byrne, B.M., Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows, SAGE Publications Inc., 1994.
18. Chan, Tom S., Terence C. Ahern, “Targeting Motivation — Adapting Flow Theory to Instructional Design”, Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol.21, No.2, 1999, pp.151-163.
19. Chau., Patrick Y.K., and Paul J. Hu, “Examining a Model of Information Technology Acceptance by Individual Professionals: an exploratory study”, Journal of Management information systems, Vol.18, No.4, Spring 2002, pp.191-229.
20. Chen, Li-Ling, “Distance Delivery Systems in Terms of Pedagogical Considerations: A Reevaluation”, Educational Technology, July-August, 1997, pp.34-37.
21. Chidambaram, L., Beth Jones, “Impact of Communication Medium and Computer Support on Group Perceptions and Performance: A Comparison of Face-to-Face and Dispersed Meetings”, MIS Quarterly, December 1993, pp. 465-491.
22. Chin, Wynne W., Abhijit Gopal, W. David Salisbury, “Advancing the Theory of Adaptive Structuration: the development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation”, Information Systems Research, Vol.8, No.4, 1997, pp.342-367.
23. Chudoba, Katherine M., “Appropriations and Patterns in the Use of Group Support Systems”, The DATA BASE, Vol.30, No.3,4, Summer-Fall 1999, pp.131-148.
24. Compeau, Deborah R., Christopher A. Higgins, “Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test”, MIS Quarterly, June 1995, pp. 189-211.
25. Coppola, Nancy W., Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Naomi G. Rotter, “Becoming a Virtual Professor: Pedagogical Roles and Asynchronous Learning Networks”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.18, No.4, Spring 2002, pp. 169-189.
26. Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Judith Lefevre, “Optimal experience in work and leisure”, Journal of Personality and social psychology, Vol.56, No.5, 1989, pp. 815-822.
27. Culnan, Mary J., “The dimensions of accessibility to online information: implications for implementing office information systems”, ACM Transactions on office information system, Vol.2, No.2, April 1984, pp.141-150
28. Daft, Richard L. and Robert H. Lengel, “Organizational Information Requirements Media Richness and structural Design”, Management Science, Vol.32, No.5, May 1986, pp. 554-571.
29. Dvais, Fred D., “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology”, MIS Quarterly, September 1989, pp. 319-340.
30. Davis, Fred D., Richard P. Bagozzi, Paul R. Warshaw, “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.22, No.14, 1992, pp.1111-1132.
31. Davis, Fred D., Richard P. Bagozzi and Paul R. Warshaw, “User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models”, Management Science, Vol.35, No.8, August 1989, pp.982-1003.
32. Davis, Fred D., Viswanath Venkatesh, “A critical assessment of potential measurement biases in the technology acceptance model: three experiments”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol.45, 1996, pp. 19-45.
33. Deborah, R. Compeau and Christopher A. Higgins, “Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial”, MIS Quarterly, June 1995, pp.189-211.
34. DeLone, William H. and Ephraim R.McLead, “Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable”, Information Systems Research, Vol.3, No.1, March 1992, pp.60-85.
35. DeSanctis, Gerardine, Marshall Scoott Poole, “Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use: adaptive structuration theory”, Organization Science, Vol.5, No.2, May 1994, pp.121-147.
36. Doll, William J. and Gholamreza Torkzadeh, “The Measurement of End-User Computing Satisfaction”, MIS Quarterly, June 1988, pp.259-274.
37. Dreze, X., and F. Zufryden, “Testing web sit design and promotional content”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol.37, Iss.2, 1997, pp.77-91.
38. Entwistle, Noel, “Identifying Distinctive Approaches to Studying”, Higher Education, Vol.8, 1979, pp.365-380.
39. Etezadi-Amoli, J., Ali F. Farhoomand,”A Structural model of end user computing satisfaction and user performance”, Information & Management, Vol.30, 1996, pp.65-73.
40. Fellers, Jack W. and Donald K. Moon, “Exploring the Application of Distributed Group Support Systems to Distance Education”, Proceedings of the twenty-seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1994, pp. 142-147.
41. Fishman, Barry J., “Characteristics of Students Related to Computer-Mediated Communications Activity”, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Vol.32, No.1, Fall 1999, pp.73-97.
42. Fulford, Catherine P. and Shuqiang Zhand, “Perceptions of interaction: the critical predictor in distance education”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1993, pp.8-21.
43. Ghani, Jawaid A., “Task Characteristics and the experience of optimal flow in human — computer interaction”, the journal of psychology, Vol.128, No.4, 1994, pp.381-389.
44. Giddens, Anthony, Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, Macmillan Education Ltd, 1979.
45. Gilly, Mary C., Valarie A. Zeithaml, “The Edlerly Consumers and Adoption of Technologies”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.12, December 1985, pp.353-357.
46. Gist, Marilyn E., “The influence of training method on self-efficacy and idea generation among managers”, Personal Psychology, Vol.42, 1989, pp. 787-805.
47. Goodhue, Dale L., Ronald L. Thompson, “Task-Technology Fit and individual performance”, MIS Quarterly, June, 1995, pp.213-236.
48. Goort Thomas L., “Teacher Effectiveness in the Elementary School”, Journal of Teacher Education, Vol.30, No.2, March-April 1979, pp.52-63.
49. Gopal, Abhijit, Robert P. Bostrom, and Wynne W. Chin, “Applying adaptive structuration theory to investigate the process of group support systems use”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.9, No.3, Winter 1992-93, pp.45-69.
50. Govindasamy, Thavamalar, “Successful implementation of e-Learning Pedagogical considerations”, Internet and Higher Education, Vol.4, 2002, pp.287-299.
51. Gunawardena, C.N., “Social presence theory and implications for interaction and collaborative learning in computer conferences”, International Journal of Educational Telecommunication, Vol. 1, No. 2/3, 1995, pp. 147-166.
52. Gunawardena, Charlotte N. and Frank J. Zittle,” Social Presence as a Predictor of Satisfaction within a computer-mediated conferencing environment”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1997, pp. 8-25.
53. Hackman, Michael Z. and Kim B. Walker, “Instructional Communication in the televised classroom: the effects of system design and teacher immediacy on student learning and satisfaction”, Communication Education, Vol.39, July, 1990, pp.196-205.
54. Hair, J.F., R.E. Anderson, R.L. Tatham and W.C. Black, Multivariate Data Analysis with Reading, Prentice Hall, 1995
55. Harris, Elizabeth L., “Student Ratings of Faculty Performance: Should Departmental Committees Construct the Instructments?”, Journal of Educational Research, Vol.76, No.2, November/December 1982, pp. 100-106.
56. Harrison, Patrick J., Bonnie J. Seeman, Robert Behm, Farhad Saba, Gina Molise, Michael D. Williams, “Development of a Distance Education Assessment Instrument”, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol.39, No.4, 1990, pp.65-77.
57. Hill, Janette R. and Michael J. Hannafin, “Cognitive Strategies and Learning from the World Wide Web”, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol.45, No.4, 1997, pp.37-64.
58. Hillman Daniel C. A., Deborah J. Willis, and Charlotte N. Gunawardena, “Learner-Interface Interaction in Distance Education: An Extension of Contemporary Models and Strategies for Practitioners”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.8, No.2, 1994.
59. Hiltz, Starr R. and Barry Wellman, “Asynchronous Learning Networks as a Virtual Classroom”, Communications of the ACM, Vol.40, No.9, September 1997, pp.44-49.
60. Hiltz, Starr R., The Virtual Classromm: Learning without limits via computer networks, Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1993.
61. Hiltz, Starr R., “The Virtual Classroom: using computer-mediated communication for university teaching”, Journal of Communication, Spring 1986, pp.95-105.
62. Hollenbeck John R., “The Effects of Individual Differences and Goal Origin on Goal Setting and Performance”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.40, 1987, pp.392-414.
63. Hollenbeck, John R., “The Effects of Individual Differences and Goal Origin on Goal Setting and Performance”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.40, 1987, pp.392-414.
64. Holmberg, B. 1989, Theory and practice of distance education. London: Routledge.
65. Hoxmeier, John A., Winter Nie, G. Thomas Purvis, “The Impact of Gender and Experience on User Confidence in Electronic Mail”, Journal of End User Computing, Vol.12, No.4, 2000, pp.11-20.
66. Hunter, John E. and David W. Gerbing (1982), "Unidimensional Measurement, Second Order Factor Analysis, and Causal Models," in Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 4, B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings, eds., Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc., 267-320.
67. Igbaria, M., Saroj Parasuraman, and Jack J. Baroudi, “A Motivational Model of Microcomputer Usage”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.13, No.1, Summer 1996, pp.127-143.
68. Ishman, Michael D., “Measuring Information Success at the Individual Level in Cross-Cultural Environment”, Information Resource Management Journal, Fall, 1996, pp.16-28.
69. Jackson, Susan A., Herbert W. Marsh, “Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Optimal Experience: The Flow State Scale”, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.18, 1996, pp.17-35.
70. Jaffee Davis, “Asynchronous Learning: Technology and Pedagogical Strategy in a Distance Learning Course”, Teaching Sociology, Vol.25, 1997, pp. 262-277.
71. Johnson, Judith L., “Distance Education and Technology: What are the choices for higher education”, Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol.21, No.2, 1999, pp.165-181.
72. Johnson, Kerry A., Lin J. Foa, Instructional Design: New Alternatives for Effective Education and Training, American Council on Education and Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989.
73. Joo, Young-Ju, Mimi Bong, Ha-Jeen Choi, “Self-Efficacy for Self-regulated Learning, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Internet Self-Efficacy in Web-Based Instruction”, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol.48, No.2, 2000, pp.5-17.
74. Kamouri, Anita L., Joseph Kamouri and Kirk H. Smith, “Training by exploration: facilitating the transfer of procedural knowledge through analogical reasoning”, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol.24, 1986, pp.171-192.
75. Karahanna, E., Detmar W. Straub, “The psychological origins of perceived usefulness and ease-of-use”, Information & Management, Vol.35, 1999, pp. 237-250.
76. Keegan, Desmond, Foundations of Distance Education, Routedge, 1986.
77. Kelloway Kevin E., Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling, SAGE Publications, 1998.
78. Kirschner, Paul A., “Cognitive load theory: implications of cognitive load theory on the design of learning”, Learning and Instruction, Vol.12, 2002, pp.1-10.
79. Klesius Janell P., Susan Homan, and Theron Thompson, “Distance Education Compared to Traditional instruction: the students’ view”, International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol.24, No.3, 1997, pp.207-217.
80. Koufaris, M., “Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow theory to Online Consumer Behavior”, Information Systems Research, Vol.13, No.2, June 2002, pp.205-223.
81. Leidner, Dortothy E., Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa, “The Use of Information Technology to Enhance Management School Education: A Theoretical View”, MIS Quarterly, September 1995, pp.265-291.
82. Levin, Sandra R., James A. Levin, James G. Buell, and Gregory L. Waddoups, Curriculum, Technology, and Education Reform (CETER) “Onling: Evaluation of an Online Master of Education Program”, TechTrends, Vol.46, Iss.3, pp. 30-38.
83. Machtmes, K. and J. William Asher, “A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Telecourses in Distance Education”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.14, No.1, 2000, pp.27-43.
84. Melon, Nancy Paule ,” A Theoretical Assessment of the user-satisfaction construct in information systems research”, Management Science, Vol.36, No.1, January 1990, pp.79-91.
85. Money, William H., “Applying Group Support Systems to Classroom Settings: A Social Cognitive Learning Theory Explanation”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.12, No.3, Winter 1995-96, pp.65-80.
86. Moore, M.G. & Kearsley, G., Distance Education: A Systems View, 1996, Belmont: Wadsworth.
87. Moore, Michael G.,” Three types of interaction”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.3, No. 2, 1993.
88. Murphy, C.A., Coover, D., & Owen, S.V.,” Development and Validation of the Computer self-efficacy Scale”, Education and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 49, 1989, pp. 893-899.
89. Nelson, Debra L.,”Individual Adjustment to Information-Driven Technologies: A Critical Review”, MIS Quarterly, March 1990, pp.79-98.
90. Novak Thomas, P., Donna L. Hoffman, “Modeling the structure of the flow experience among web users”, INFORMS marketing science and the internet mini-conference MIT, march 1998.
91. Nunnally, J.C., Psychometric Theory, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1978.
92. Oliver, Ron and Catherine McLoughlin, “Interactions in Audiographics Teaching and Learning Environment”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.11, No.1, 1997, pp.34-53.
93. Osborn, Viola,” Identifying At-Risk Students in Videoconferencing and Web-Based distance education”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.15, No.1, 2001, pp.41-54.
94. Parasuraman, A., Valarie A. Zeithaml, & Leonard L. Berry,” A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future research”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.49, Fall 1985, pp.41-50.
95. Park, C. Whan and Banwari Mittal,” A theory of involvement in consumer behavior: problems and issues”, Research in Consumer Behavior, Vol.1, 1985, pp.201-231.
96. Passerini, K., Mary J. Granger, “A Developmental model for distance learning using the Internet”, Computers & Education, Vol.34, 2000, pp.1-15.
97. Perdue, Kathy J. and Thomas Valentine, “ Deterrents to Participation in Web-Based Continuing Professional Education”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.12, No.1, 2000, pp. 7-25.
98. Pitt, Leyland F., Richard T. Watson and C. Bruce Kavan, “Service Quality: A measure of information systems effectiveness”, MIS Quarterly, June 1995, pp.173-187.
99. Poole, M. S., Gerardine DeSantics,” Understanding the Use of Group Decision Support Systems: the theory of adaptive structuration”, In Organizations and communication technology, ed. By Steinfield C. and J. Fulk, Beverly Hill, CA: Sage Publications,1990, pp.173-193.
100. Priem, Richard L., David A. Harrison, Nan Kanoff Muir, “Structured Conflict and Consensus Outcomes in Group Decision Making”, Journal of Management, Vol.21, No.4, 1995, pp.691-710.
101. Rao, V. Srinivasan, “Dimensions of Satisfaction in Teleconferencing: An Exploratory Analysis”, Proceedings of the twenty-seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1994, pp.124-133.
102. Reigeluth, Charles M., Instructional-Design Theories and Models: An Overview of their Current Status, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoicates, 1983.
103. Reiser, Robert A., “A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part II: A history of instructional design”, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol.49, No.2, 2001, pp.57-67.
104. Rice, Ronald E., August E. Grant, Joseph Schmitz, “Individual and Network Influences on the Adoption and Perceived Outcomes of Electronic Messaging”, Social Networks, Vol.12, 1990, pp.27-55.
105. Sethi, V. and Carraher, S., “Developing Measures for Assessing the Organizational Impact of Information Technology: A Comment on Mahmood and Soon’s Paper,” Decision Science, 24(4), 1993, pp.867-877.
106. Sherry, Annette C., Catherine P. Fulford, and Shuquiang Zhand, “Assessing Distance Learners’ Satisfaction with Instruction: A Quantitative and a Qualitative Measure”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1998, pp.4-26.
107. Short, J., Ederyn Williams, Bruce Christie, The Social Psychology of Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, 1976
108. Siguaw Judy A., Introducing LISREL, SAGE Publications, 2000.
109. Silver, Mark S., M.Lynne Markus, Cynthia Mathis Beath, “The Information Technology Interaction Model: A Foundation for the MBA Core Course”, MIS Quarterly, September 1995, pp.361-387.
110. Simonson, M., Charles Schlosser, and Dan Hanson, “Theory and Distance Education: A New discussion”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 13, No.1,1999, pp.60-75.
111. Slyke, Craig V., Hao Lou, John Day,” The Impact of Perceived Innovation Characteristics on Intention to Use Groupware”, Information Resources Management Journal, Vol.15, No.1, 2002, pp.5-12.
112. Straub, D., Moez Limayem, Elena Karahanna-Evaristo, “Mearusring System Usage: Implications for IS theory testing”, Management Science, Vol.41, No.8, August 1995, pp.1328-1341.
113. Swanson, E. Burton, “Measuring User Attitudes in MIS Research: A Review”, Omeag, Vol.10, No.2, 1982, pp.157-165.
114. Szajna, B., “Empirical Evaluation of the Revised Technology Acceptance Model”, Management Science, Vol.42, No.1, January 1996, pp.85-92.
115. Taylor, J.C.,.”5th Generation Distance Education”. DETYA''s Higher Education Series, Report No. 40, June,2001, ISBN 0642 77210X.
116. Taylor, J.C., “Flexible delivery: The globalisation of lifelong learning”. Indian Journal of Open Learning, Vol 7, No.1, 1998, 67-78.
117. Taylor, Shirley, Peter Todd, “Assessing IT usage: The role of prior experience”, MIS Quarterly, December, 1995, pp. 561-570.
118. Thompson, Ronald L., Christopher A. Higgins and Jane M. Howell, “Personal Computing: Toward a Conceptual Model of Utilization” MIS Quarterly, March 1991, pp.125-143.
119. Thorpe, Mary, Evaluating Open and Distance Learning, Longman Group (UK) Limited, 1993.
120. Trevino, Linda K., Jane Webster, “Flow in Computer-Mediated Communication”, Communication Research, Vol.19, No.5, October 1992, pp. 539-573.
121. Tsui, Amy B.M. and Wing Wah Ki, “An Analysis of Conference interactions on TeleNex- A Computer Network for ESL Teachers”, Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol.44, No.4, 1996, pp.23-44.
122. Vrasidas Charalambos, and Marina stock Mclsaac,” Factors Influencing Interaction in an Online Course”, The American Journal of Distance Education, Vol.13, No.3, 1999, pp.30-42.
123. Vreede, Gert-Jan, Hans de Bruijn, “Exploring the Boundaries of Successful GSS Application: Supporting Inter-Organizational Policy Networks”, The DATA BASE, Vol.30, No.3,4, Summer-Fall 1999, pp.111-130.
124. Webster, J., Linda Klebe Trevino, and Lisa Ryan, “The Dimensionality and Correlates of Flow in Human-Computer Interactions”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.9, 1993,pp.411-426.
125. Webster, J., Peter Hackley, “Teaching effectiveness in technology-mediated distance learning”, Academy of management journal, Vol.40, No.6, 1997, pp. 1282-1309.
126. Webster, J., “The Differential Effects of Software Training Previews on Training Outcomes”, Journal of Management, Vol.21, No.4, 1995, pp.757-787.
127. Weiner Bernard, “A Theory of Motivation for Some Classroom Experiences”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.71, No.1, 1979, pp.3-25.
128. Zaichkowsky, Judith L.,” Measuring the Involvement Construct”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.12, December 1985, pp.341-351.
129. Zoltan, E. and Alphonse Chapanis, “What do professional think about computers”, Behaviour and Information Technology, Vol.1, No.1, 1982, pp.55-68.