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題名:台灣男性青年人與運動員之人體肢段參數研究
作者:何維華 引用關係
作者(外文):Wei-Hua Ho
校院名稱:國立體育學院
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:相子元
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:核磁共振人體肢段參數人體測量AnthropometryMRIBody Segmental ParametersBiomechanics
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(11) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:97
人體肢段參數(Body Segmental Parameters;BSP)是一種應用於人體在空間中運動的基本參數,在尚未建立台灣青年人和運動員人體肢段參數的時代,皆是使用外國人研究的資料,所以急需建立本土化的資料。另外,運動員的體型經過長期訓練也較一般人發達,為了瞭解人體肢段的內部結構存在何種差異,亦是本研究的主要目的。
人體肢段參數的資料廣泛應用於各個領域中,凡針對人體動作的研究,都必須應用到人體肢段參數,例如:生物力學、醫療科技、航太工業、工業設計、軍事武器以及運動器材等研究。世界上已經建立高加索人種、日耳曼民族等資料,但仍未建立屬於台灣人的資料庫;當前,都是藉由外國人的人體肢段參數,來預估台灣青年人和運動員的結果,往往造成很大的差距,尤其在特殊體型的運動員差異更大,例如體操和舉重的運動員。
本研究完整的建立MRI人體肢段參數研究方法與程序,採用標準化的全身掃瞄,以GE核磁共振儀(Horizon LX, echo speed, 1.5 Tesla),每一切面以1公分、無間隔掃瞄,建立最佳化的T2—weighted影像,最大FOV為480×480mm,影像格式為512×512 mm,Te和TR分別為8.5~10msec和450~500msec之間等設定。人體模型是依據各部位肢段分界,定義為「頭頸」、「軀幹」、「上臂」、「前臂」、「手」、「大腿」、「小腿」和「腳」等人體的肢段。MRI影像數位化分析是以電腦數位繪圖板,將人體切面中各種組織加勾劃出來,量化各組織面積後,經過準確的計算獲得各肢段的「體積」、「質量」、「質心」、「轉動慣量」和「旋轉半徑」等參數,並且建立出迴歸方程式,以提供未來研究者參考。
在本研究進行不同切面厚度以及進行操作數位化分析技術的嚴格考驗,確立採用的一公分切面影像,而且在降低人為操作誤差的情況下,提高研究結果的準確性。青年人和運動員的體型在身高、體重有明顯不同(P<0.05),從體積的結果觀察沒有差異,但是在各肢段質量、質心和轉動慣量,具有不同程度的差異(P<0.05)。同時,和其他研究結果比較也有所不同,其因素會受到種族、生活習性、性別、年齡、和運動習性等影響。再者,各研究在肢段分界方法和肢段座標定義的不盡相同,亦會造成結果的差異。在48項迴歸方程式中,能夠實際應用在估計台灣青年人和運動員之人體肢段參數,青年人具有31項、運動員有15項,未來可進行逐步迴歸的分析。
人體肢段參數經過長期的發展,應用到軍事上,使得提昇了軍隊的戰力;並且也廣泛的運用到醫學上,幫助病人的治療;運用到工業上,應用於器具的設與開發;以及運用到運動生物力學上,應用於運動技術的分析。由此可見,建立本土化的人體肢段參數的價值,對於台灣人民在醫學、人因工程和運動科學等領域之研究,具有重要性與迫切性。
Body segmental parameters (BSP) have been applied extensively in biomechanics, medical technology, space industry, design, military weapon and the design of sport facilities. Many countries have already established a system of body segmental parameters for their people, but there are no BSP for Taiwanese. In recent studies, body segmental parameters have been applied to the design of weapons and therefore improve the fighting power. In the design of sports facilities, BSP can enhance the athlete’s performance. So we can realize the study of BSP is very important and helpful in many areas.
The Taiwanese young people and athletes participated in this study. MRIs were obtained with a GE MRI 1.5-T scanner, metric size 512×512mm, FOV 480×480mm, TR 450~500msec, TE 8.5~10msec, thickness 10mm, T1—weighted. The MRI digital images were analyzed by medical image software (SigmaScan Pro 5.0, SPSS Inc.). The edge of each tissue of each slice to obtain the digital data of area and center of shape, the frustum mass was derived from multiplying the volume by its density, the moments of inertia for each segment were then determined about the anatomical axes using the parallel axis theorem and finite element principle. Moreover, this study is being planned to separate human body into different segments, such as “head and neck”, “trunk”, “upper arm”, “forearm”, “hand”, “thigh”, “shank” and “foot”. We will collect the data of volume (V), mass (M), center of mass (CM), moments of inertia (I) and rotation radius (R) of each segmental.
This study compared with other studies. The differences may due to the human race, living style, female or male, age and fitness level of subjects. Besides, the definition of segments boundary and coordinate system were also different result with other studies. Most previous researches study used cadavers from older persons or male. They used few samples. Therefore, it is not precise enough to be applied in medicine, biomechanics and ergonomics. We can use some other medical diagnosis techniques to determine the parameters of body segment, for example, Gamma ray, CT and MRI was proved effective. During the past a hundred years of BSP studies, MRI has been concluded to have the true image and no use of radiation in quantitative BSP. In addition to the distribution of segment, MRI also provides the information of segmental mass and any anatomical plane. It has been thought to be the best way to establish the database so far.
This research can provide valuable information and help to many professionals, such as the designer of walking aid, sports facilities, rehabilitation technologists, medical doctors and sports coaches to provide valuable references.
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