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題名:激發心靈潛能―以正向心理學內涵建構情意教育課程之研究
作者:常雅珍 引用關係
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:教育心理與輔導研究所
指導教授:毛國楠
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2004
主題關鍵詞:正向心理學情意教育
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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激發心靈潛能―以正向心理學內涵建構情意教育課程之研究
中文摘要
本研究之主要目的有三(1)以正向心理學內涵建構適合國小學童學習之情意教育課程。(2)以量化研究方式探討此一課程對國小五年級學生正向情緒、正向意義、樂觀及內在動機之影響。(3)以質化研究方式說明師生互動的歷程,再透過自我調節論的觀點分析學生在學習歷程中的轉變,並以訪談方式分析學生在情意教育中的學習歷程,最後從問卷中了解學生對情意教育的接受度、應用及成效。
本研究之研究對象為平安國小五年級學生,實驗組學生接受為期十一週每週兩次融入情意教育之綜合活動課程,對照組則接受一般之綜合活動課程,研究工具包括樂觀信念量表及研究者自編的正向情緒量表、正向意義量表及學習動機量表,量化研究採用單因子共變數分析進行統計檢定,研究結果如下:(1)在立即效果部份,實驗組在正向情緒、正向意義、內在動機及樂觀四方面均顯著優於對照組;(2)在追蹤效果部份,實驗組在正向情緒、正向意義、內在動機及樂觀四方面均顯著優於對照組。
質化研究的部分採用觀察、問卷、訪談、文件蒐集、錄音錄影等多元方式蒐集資料,記錄師生互動的歷程,並將學生學習之歷程,分為「自我涉入」、「自我覺察:」「認知評估」「自我應用」「自我增強」五個階段,再以自我調節論的觀點輔以百分比次數統計以了解學生教學前後的轉變,茲說明如下:
(1) 在「自信」方面,分為「自我肯定」和「欣賞別人」兩部分。在自我肯定的部份,學生從被動或不知如何使用策略找出自己的優點,逐漸進步到採取主動策略以找出自己的優點;欣賞別人的部分,學生在教學後學生欣賞同學的角度,逐漸從教學前的外在因素(86%)轉為內在因素(91%),亦即教學後逐漸能了解應該從內在特質來欣賞別人,欣賞別人的部份從外在美的角度提升到重視同學的內在特質。
(2) 在「同理心」方面,教學前學生助人、分享、給予行為的動機大多是外在動機因素(30%),經過同理心教學之後,基於行動者內在動機因素的提昇到60%,外在動機的學生從30%下降至19%。
(3)在「知足」方面,發現教學前學生對自己所擁有的一切,感到滿意的學生僅占37%,在教學後有89%的學生都覺得自己擁有的已經太多,要心存感恩。從「買賣遊戲」活動中,了解學生價值觀的轉變,原本所有學生都偏重物質需求,在「知足」教學後,有85%的學生外在的慾望逐漸減少,取而代之的是精神上的滿足。
(4) 在「正向意義」方面,可以分為以下三種價值觀的建立:經驗性價值部分,教學前透過「我的最愛」活動了解學生對愛的解讀,結果發現68%的學生是基於外在價值,只有12%的學生最愛某一物品的原因是因為它的內在價值勝於一切,教學之後有94%的學生重視所愛物品的內在價值,可見學生逐漸了解愛的真諦;創造性價值部分,孩子在教學之後,平常表現良好的動機主要來自內在動機,約佔全數之92%,較原先的23%相較,明顯提昇許多,特別是出現23%的利他動機,是教學前學生沒有的想法;態度性價值部分,教學之後,對負面事件產生正向想法的學生從42%提升到68%,其中能找到正向意義,亦即感到自己能從負面事件中學習或得到收穫的學生從6%提升到33%,負向想法從41%下降到32%。
(5)在「樂觀」方面,教學前採取負向策略方式約占59%,採取正向策略方式約占31%,在教學後面對困擾事件採取負向策略方式從59%下降至8%,採取正向策略方式從31%上升至92%,特別是「解決問題」的因應方式從9%上升至35%,成為學生最主要的因應方式。
最後,研究者歸納研究結論,並提出研究結果之應用及未來相關研究之建議,作為教學應用及未來研究之參考。
The construction of Affective Education Curriculum with the content of the Positive Psychology
Ya-jane Chaung
Abstract
The purposes of this study were :(1)to design the affective education curriculum of positive psychology blended with synthetic activity curriculum for fifth-grade students;(2)to use quantitative method to investigate the immediate and following effects of the affective education curriculum of positive psychology for fifth-grade students;(3)to use qualitative method to analyse the interaction between teachers and students,the shifts of self-regulation process,the learning process,and the understanding of the students’ acception .
For these purposes,the subjects of this study were two groups of fifth-grade students from one public primary school in Taipei County.There were 35 students of experimental group and 35 students of control group.Each group was examined with optimism scale, positive emotion scale,positive meaning scale,and learning motivation scale.The experimental group had the blending courses,while the control group had only synthetic activity curriculum.The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA.The results were as follows:(1)for immediate effects ,there were significant difference between two groups on optimism scale, positive emotion scale,positive meaning scale,and learning motivation scale;(2) for follow effects , there were significant difference between two groups on optimism scale, positive emotion scale,positive meaning scale,and learning motivation scale.
Qualitative method was used for the second part of this study,including observation,inventory, interview,documents analysis,recording and video.With qualitative method , the interaction between the teacher and students could be recorded in detail.The learning processes were divided into five stages,which were self-involvement, self-awareness ,cognition-appraisal ,self-application and self-reinforcement.The reasercher also used self-regulation theory to analyze the shifts of the students. The results were as follows:
In“self-confidence”, incluing“self-affirmation”and“appreciation”.The students did not know how to use strategies for self-advantages before affective education curriculum ,they gradually realized to use strategies for self-advantages after this curriculum. Appreciation focuses on the students’ inner characteristics,which means the students know how to appreciate other people from out side factor to inner factor after this curriculum.
In“sympathy”, most of the students used to have altruistic behavior for other people’s prise,rewards,and feedback before this affective education curriculum.After this designed curriculum, they gradually realize “help the others is the foundation of the happiness”,and perform altruistic behavior for instrinic motivation.
In“contement”, 63% of the students felt ordinary or did not content with what they had owned,but 89% felt satistied with what they owned after this affective education curriculum.
In“positive meaning”,it inclusive of“experience value”,“creative value”,and“attitude value”.94% of the students knew the meaning of love from “experience value”.92% of the students knew the instrinic motivation of daily routines from “creative value”. 68% of the students with positive emotion and could find benefit from “attitude value”.
In“optimism”, 31% of the students used positive strategies before this affective education curriculum ,92% of the students used positive strategies after this affective education curriculum, “problem solving”became primary style after this affective education curriculum.
To sum up,the results of both quantitative and qualitative studies support the affective education curriculum of positive psychology.This study also offers a discussion on instructional assistance and future studies.
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陳惠邦(民87)。教育行動研究。台北:師大書苑。
陳玟伶(民90)。國小高年級兒童自我調整歷程之個案研究。國立台中師院國民教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
陳英豪(民89)。生命教育-今天不做明天會後悔的工作。在於林思伶(主編),生命教育的理論與實務。台北:寰宇。
陳秀蓉(民90)。生命的教育-理性思考。生命教育全球資訊網。
陳彥穎(民90)。國小高年級情緒智力與生活適應之相關因素探討。中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
陳啟勳(民86)。情緒管理課程對高職學生情緒穩定、人際關係、認知學習及學業表現的影響。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
陳雪麗(民87)。情感教育:儒佛情緒觀的現代應用。台北:五南。new window
張景媛(民83)。國中生數學學習歷程統整模式的驗證及應用:學生建構數學概念的分析及數學文字題教學策略的研究。台灣師大教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。(未出版)new window
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張進上(民67)。理性情緒治療法在諮商過程中的應用。台灣教育,359,21-23。
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張蕊苓(民86)。兒童學習內化歷程中的影響因素探討。花蓮師院學報,9,35-55。new window
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常雅珍(民92b)。初學作文新妙方―「觀察學習+心智繪圖」。高雄:復文。
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黃德祥(民83)。青少年發展與輔導。台北:五南。
黃雅蕾(民89)。以「惜福」為主題推行國小環境教育之行動研究。國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
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曾端真,曾玲鈱譯(民90)。班級經營與兒童輔導(Rudolf Dreikurs;Bernice Bronia Grunwald;Floy C.Pepper著)。台北:天馬。
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路君約(民68)。小學人格測驗。台北:中國行為科學社。
葉宗文(民78)。自我肯定訓練對育幼院幼童單親兒童自我概念、人際關係效果之研究。高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
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楊美雪(民86)。情意領域的教學設計。教學科技與媒體,35,2-7。new window
新銳(民91)。經典小故事-人生大哲理:談知足。台北:培育。
甄曉蘭(民84)。合作行動研究-進行教育研究的另一種方式。嘉義師院學報,49(4),9-12。
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劉安彥(民83)運用動機來促進學生學習。教育研究,1,37-38。new window
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劉雪芳(民88)。全語言教師運用故事教學之個案研究。國立台北師範學院課程與教育研究所。(未出版)。
劉佩雲(民87)。國小學生自我調整之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
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歐用生(民87)。學校情意課程與兒童人格建構。國民教育,38(4),2-10。new window
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鍾家瑄(民81)。說故事之研究。國立台灣大學圖書館學研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
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