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題名:醫師權威人格、創新特質、醫院組織結構與創新準備之關係研究
作者:賴春生
作者(外文):Chung-Shent Lai
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:成人教育研究所
指導教授:蔡培村
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:權威人格創新特質創新準備組織結構authoritarian personalitycreative traitinnovation readinessorganizational structure
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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近年來由於醫療產業整體環境的變遷,唯有不斷的在醫療技術、醫藥、設備甚或醫療病患運送動線等等之相關醫療項目進行更新,才能使醫療院所維持競爭優勢,因此,追求創新儼然成為醫療院所強化競爭力的不二法則。創新準備(Innovation Readiness)是影響創新成功與否的關鍵因素,充分的創新準備將可提升創新成功的機會,故本研究試圖瞭解醫療院所是否做好迎接創新時的各項準備,是否提供足夠的資源進行創新活動,醫院員工是否具備創新所需的能力等等,為醫院的創新提出具體的建議。
醫師是醫院內最重要的角色,醫師個人的人格特質亦成為影響組織創新準備的關鍵因素,由於醫師在醫學領域上有極專業的知識(Expertise),且具有相當豐富的專業知識,因此在面對病人或是護士甚至實習醫生時,便擁有極高的專家權力,使得醫師易於形成其「權威性人格」(Authoritarian Personality)。另ㄧ方面,因為創新活動始於人類的智慧相互交流,所以要了解組織的創新活動一定要了解個人如何影響創新,其中個人的創新特質與創新息息相關,因此本研究以醫師之權威人格與創新特質為自變數來探討醫師對於醫院創新準備的影響程度,並輔以醫療院所之組織結構為干擾變數,試圖找出影響醫院創新準備的重要因素,提供爾後醫療院所進行創新時可依循的方向。
本研究共針對全台灣七十八所公私立醫院之醫師發出一千份問卷,分別測量其權威人格、創新特質、創新準備以及醫療院所之組織結構,最終共六百零七位回覆,有效問卷為四百六十份。研究結果發現,一、醫師的權威人格對創新準備有正向的影響;二、醫師的創新特質對創新準備有正向的影響;三、醫院的組織結構不影響權威人格、創新人格與創新準備之間的關係;四、醫師個人背景變項中,以年齡與職位兩項對於權威人格、創新特質或創新準備會產生顯著差異;五、醫院的分類等級對於權威人格、創新特質或創新準備產生顯著差異。根據上述各項研究結果,故建議當醫療院所進行創新時,應由醫院中位居要職的醫師發起,他們一舉一動所引發的效應將對醫療院所的創新有直接且顯著的影響,此外,在甄選新進醫師時,也應重視醫師個人本身的人格特質。最後,醫療院所亦應設定以創新為宗旨的組織目標,明確的鼓勵醫院員工朝向創新的方向共同努力,為創新做好充分的準備,如此,相信將有助於醫療院所從事創新的活動。
Lately, many changes have taken place in the medical care system. The only way to survive in the competition among different kinds of hospitals is to keep innovating in every way which includes new medical treatment or instruments, new delivery route for patients, etc. Therefore, innovation turns out to be the critical issue for all hospitals in the medical industry. Innovation readiness is a key point for successful innovation. The higher the innovation readiness is, the more chances the innovation will be successful. This study is try to understand the innovation readiness for the hospitals and to find out if the preparation in staff, environment, and resources for proceeding innovation are all set.
Physician plays the most important role in the hospital which makes his/her personality or personal trait becomes the key factor to innovation readiness of hospital. Due to the professionalism and respectable social status as a physician, it is easy for physicians to have authoritarian personality. Moreover, there is a tight connection between innovative trait and innovation. Hence, in this study, the physician’s authoritarian personality and innovative trait are treated as independent variables while organizational structure is moderating variable, and in the end to see their influences on the innovation readiness which is the dependent variable.
The sample is consisted of 460 physicians from 78 hospitals all over Taiwan. They are asked to answer the questionnaires about authoritarian personality, creative traits, innovation readiness, and organizational structure. The results indicated (a) A positive relation between physician’s authoritarian personality and innovation readiness. (b) A positive relation between physician’s creative traits and innovation readiness. (c) There is no significant moderating influence on organizational structure. (d) Physician’s age and position have significant influence on authoritarian personality, creative traits, and innovation readiness. (e) There are significant differences on authoritarian personality, creative traits, and innovation readiness among different types of hospitals. We conclude by suggesting that innovation in hospitals must promote by the physicians who are in the important positions and have influences on decision makings in hospitals. Furthermore, aiming for innovation should become the objective of hospitals so that every employee in the hospital will be encouraged to innovate.
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