REFERENCES
[In Chinese]
Chiu, H.J. 2000. Competitive microstructure and strategy evolution in mobile commerce: a disequilibrium-innovation model of Neo-Austrian school of economics. National Taiwan University Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hsu, S. 2002. “The future of biotechnology development in Taiwan”, unpublished.
Lee, J. 2002. “Analysis and management of biotechnology industry”, unpublished.
Lu, M. and Lin, J. 2001. “Biotechnology industry in Taiwan: How to stand up? How to go out? ”, Special Journal of Financial Message, 102-109.
[In English]
Abernathy, W.J., & Utterback, J.M. 1978. Patterns of industrial innovation. Technology Review, 80(7): 40-47.
Adler, P.S., & Kwon, S.W. 2002. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1): 17-40.
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P.J.H. 1993. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1): 33-46.
Andrews, K. 1971. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
Anderson, P. 2004. New perspectives on creative destruction. NSC Research Excellence Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan.
Arora, A. & Gambardella, A. 1990. Complementarity and external linkages – The strategies of large firms in biotechnology. Journal of Industrial Economics, 38: 361-379.
Atuahene-Gima K., & Ko, A. 2001. An empirical investigation of the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation alignment on production innovation. Organization Science, 12(1): 54-74.
Baker, W., & Obstfeld, D. 1999. Social capital by design: Structures, strategies, and institutional context. In Leenders, R. Th. A.J. & Gabbay, S.M. (Eds.), Corporate Social Capital and Liability: 88-105. Boston: Kluwer.
Bartholomew, S. 1997. National systems of biotechnology innovation: Complex interdependence in the global system. Journal of International Business Studies, 28: 241-267.
Bayona, C., Marco, T., & Huerta, E. 2002. Collaboration in R&D with universities and research centers: an empirical study of Spanish firms. R&D Management, 32(4): 321-341.
Barney, J.B. 1986. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management Science, 42: 1231-1241.
Barney, J.B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17: 99-120.
Barney, J.B. 1996. Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co.
Baum, J.A.C., Calabrese, T., & Silverman, B.S. 2000. Don’t go it alone: alliance network composition and startups’ performance in biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3): 267-294.
Berry, M.M.J., & Taggart, J.H. 1998. Combining technology and corporate strategy in small high tech firms. Research Policy, 26: 883-895.
Best, M.H. 1990. The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Bolton, M.K. 1993. Organizational innovation and substandard performance: When is necessity the mother of innovation. Organization science, 4: 57-75.
Bowie, N. 1994. Universities-Business Partnerships: An Assessment. MD: Rowman and Littlefield Lanham.
Brush, T.H., & Artz, K.W. 1999. Toward a contingent resource-based theory: The impact of information asymmetry on the value of capabilities in veterinary medicine. Strategic Management Journal, 20: 223-250.
Burgelman, R.A. 1991. Intraorganizational ecology of strategy making and organizational adaptation: Theory and field research. Organization Science, 2: 239-262.
Burkhardt, M.E., & Brass, D.J. 1990. Emerging patterns or patterns of change: Effects of a change in technology on social network structure and power. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 104-127.
Burt, R.S. 1980. Autonomy in a social topology. American Journal of Sociology, 85: 892-925.
Burt, R.S. 1982. Towards a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action. New York: Academic Press.
Burt, R.S. 1983. Corporate Profits and Cooptation: Networks of Market Constraints and Directorate Ties in the American Economy. New York: Academic Press.
Burt, R.S. 1992. The social structure of competition. In: Nohria, N. and Eccles R.G. (Eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action: 57-91. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Burt, R.S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Burt, R.S. 1997. The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 339-365.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. 2002. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2(3): 529-556.
Chesbrough, H. 2003. Open Innovation: the New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Child, J. 1972. Organizational structure, environment and performance: The role of strategic choice. Sociology, 6: 1-22.
Christensen, J. 1996. Analyzing the technology base of the firm: A multi-dimensional resource and competence perspective. In Foss, N. & Knudsen, C. (Eds.), Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm. London: Routledge.
Christensen, C.M. 1997. The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Cohen, W.M. & Levinthal, D.A. 1990. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35:128-152.
Coleman, J.S. 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement): S95-S120.
Coleman, J.S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Collis, D.J. 1994. How valuable are organizational capabilities? Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 15: 143-152.
Conant, J.S., Mokwa, M.P., & P.R. Varadarajan. 1990. Strategic types, distinctive marketing competences and organizational performance: A multiple measures-based study. Strategic Management Journal, 11: 365-383.
Contractor, F.J., & Lorange, P. 1988. Cooperative strategies in international business. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Conner, K.R., & Prahalad, C.K. 1996. A resource-based theory of the firm: knowledge versus opportunism. Organization Science, 7(5): 477-501.
Cooper, A.C. 1971. The Founding of Technologically-based Firms. Milwaukee, WI: The Center for Venture Management.
Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. 1989. Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10: 75-87.
Cronbach, L.J. 1951. Coefficient Alpha and the internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16:297-334.
Deeds, D.L. & Hill, C.W.L. 1996. Strategic alliances and the rate of new product development: an empirical study of entrepreneurial biotechnology firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 11: 41-55.
Derickx, I., & Cool, K. 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35: 1504-1511.
Dhanaraj and Beamish, 2003. A resource-based approach to the study of export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(3): 242-261.
DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W.W. 1983. The iron cage revised: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48: 147-160.
Dosi, G. 1983. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. Research Policy, 11(3): 147-162.
Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. 1996. Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation –to-organization problems. American Journal of Sociology,
Downs, G.W., & Mohr, L.B. 1976. Conceptual issues in the study of innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21: 700-714.
Dutta, S., & Weiss, A.M. 1997. The relationship between a firm’s level of technological innovativeness and its pattern of partnership agreements. Management Science, 43(3): 343-356.
Eisenhardt, K.M., & Martin, J.A. 2000. Dynamic capabilities: what are they? Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue, 21(10-11): 1105-1121.
Evan, W.M. 1993. Organization Theory Research and Design. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Fiol, C.M. 1996. Squeezing harder doesn’t always work: Continuing the search for consistency in innovation research. Academy of Management Review, 21: 1012-1021.
Fischer, F.E. 1973. Fundamental Statistical Concepts. New York: Harper & Row Publishers Inc.
Flemming, L., & Bromiley, P. 2000. A variable risk propensity model of technological risk taking. Manuscrip, Harvard Business School, Boston.
Fleming, L. 2001. Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science, 47(1): 117-132.
Fleming, L., & Sorenson, O. 2001. Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data. Research Policy, 30 (7): 1119-1139.
Foss, N.J., Knudsen, C., & Montgomery, C.A. 1995. An exploration of common ground: Integrating evolutionary and strategic theories of the firm. In Montgomery, C.A. (ed.), Resource-Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm. Kluwer, London: 1-17.
Foss, K. & Harmsen, H. 1996. Studies of key factors of product-development success: A resource-based critique and reinterpretation. In Foss, N. & Knudsen, C. (Eds.), Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm. London: Routledge.
Foster, R. 1986. Innovation: The Attacker’s Advantage. New York: Summit Books.
Foster, R., & Kaplan, S. 2001. Creative Destruction. New York: McKinsey & Company, Inc.
Freedman, D., Pisani, R., and Purves, R. 1998. Statistics (3rd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Gabbay, S.M., & Zuckerman, E.W. 1998. Social capital and opportunity in corporate R&D: The contingent effect of contact density on mobility expectations. Social Science Research, 27: 189-217.
Galbraith, J., & Kazanjian R. 1986. Strategy Implementation. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
Gans, J.S., Hsu, D.H., & Stern, S. When does start-up innovation spurt the gale of creative destruction? Rand Journal of Economics, 33(4), 571-586.
Gargiulo, M., & Benassi, 2002. Trapped in your own net? Network cohesion, structure holes, and the adaptation of social capital.
Geisler, E. 1995. Industry-university technology cooperation: a theory of inter-organizational relationships. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7(2): 217-229.
Gemunden, H.G., Heydebreck, P., & Herden, R. 1992. Technological interweavement: a means of innovation success. R&D Management, 22(4): 359-375.
George, G., Zahra, S.A., & Wood, D.R. 2002. The effects of business-university alliances on innovative output and financial performance: a study of publicly traded biotechnology companies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17: 577-609.
Chesbrough, H. 2003. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Gibbons, M., & Johnston, R. 1974. The roles of science in technology innovation. Research Policy, 3: 220-242.
Granovetter, M. 1973. The strength of weak tie. American Journal of Society, 78: 1360-1380.
Granovetter, M. 1982. The strength of weak tie: A network theory revised. In Marsden, P.V. & Lin N. (Eds.), Social Structure and Network Analysis: 105-130. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Granovetter, M. 1985. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481-510.
Grant, R.M. 1991. The resource-based theory of competitive advantage. California Management Review, 33(3): 114-135.
Grant, R.M. 1996. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments, organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organizational Science, 7: 375-387.
Grant, R.M. 2002. Contemporary Strategy Analysis (4th ed.). New York: Blackwell.
Green, W.H. 1993. Econometric Analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Greve, H.R. 2003. A behavioral theory of R&D expenditures and innovations: Evidence from shipbuilding. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6): 685-702.
Hadjimanolis, A. 2000. A resource-based view of innovativeness in small firms. Technology Analysis and strategic Management, 12(2): 263-281.
Hage, J. 1980. Theories of Organizations. New York: Wiley.
Hagedoorn, L. 1990. Organizational modes of inter-firm cooperation and technology transfer. Technovation, 10(1): 17-30.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C.K. 1989. Collaborate with your competitors, and win. Harvard Business Review, 67(2): 133-139.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C.K. 1993. Strategy as stretch and leverage. Harvard Business Review, 71(2): 75-84.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C.K. 1994. Competing for the Future. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hannan, M., & Freeman, J.H. 1989. Organizational Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Henderson, R.M., & Clark, K.B. 1990. Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 9-30.
Henderson, R., & Cockburn, I. 1994. Measuring competence: Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 15: 63-84.
Hargadon, A. & Sutton, R.I. 1997. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 716-749.
Hargadon, A. 2003. How Breakthroughs Happen: The Surprising Truth About How Companies Innovate. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Harrigan, K.R. 1985. Strategies for Joint Ventures. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Helfat, C.E. 1997. Know-how and asset aomplementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: The case of R&D. Strategic Management Journal, 18(5): 339-360.
Helfat, C.E., & Raubitschek, R.S. 2000. Product sequencing: Co-evolution of knowledge, capabilities and products. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 961-979.
Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E., & Kim, H. 1997. International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal, 40: 767-798.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (Eds.). 2002. Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Integrated Mindset: 129-150. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Hill, C.W.L., & Jones, G.R. 1992. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Howell, J.M., & Higgins, C.A. 1990. Champions of technological innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 317-341.
Hsiao, C.C., & Chien, Y.W. 2004. On the biasing judgement of innovation: context effect of existent brand. Taiwan Academy of Management Journal, In Press.
Ibarra, H. 1992. Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37: 422-447.
Ibarra, H. 1993. Network, centrality, power, and innovation involvement: Determinants of technical and administrative roles. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 471-501.
Ibarra, H., & Andrews, S.B. 1993. Power, social influence, and sense making: Effects of network centrality and proximity on employee perceptions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 277-303.
Jaworski, B.J., & Kohli, A.K. 1993. Market orientation: antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57 (July): 53-70.
Karim, S. and Mitchell, W. 2000. Path-dependent and path breaking change: reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector, 1978-1995. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1061-1081.
Kelly, D., & Amburgey, T.L. 1991. Organizational inertia and momementum: A dynamic model of strategic change. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 591-612.
Kern, H. 1998. Lack of trust, surfeit of trust: Some causes of the innovation crisis in German industry. In C.Lane & R. Bachmann (Eds.), Corporate Social Capital and Liability: 17-42. Boston: Kluwer.
Kimberly, J.R. 1981. Managerial innovation. In Nystrom, P.C. & Starbuck, W.H. (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Design, 1: 84-104. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. 1992. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3): 502-518.
Kor, Y.Y. & Mahoney, J.T. 2000. Penrose’s resource-based approach: The process and product of research activity. Journal of Management Studies, 37(1): 109-139.
Kotabe, M. & Swan, K.S. 1995. The role of strategic alliances in high-technology new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 16(8): 621-636.
Lado, A., Boyd, N.G., & Wright, P. 1992. A competency-based model of sustainable competitive advantage: Toward a conceptual integration. Journal of Management, 18(1): 77-91.
Lane, P.J., & Lubatkin, M. 1998. Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic Management Journal, 19: 461-477.
Lane, P.J., Salk, E. & Lyles, M.A. 2001. Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 1139-1161.
Laumann, E.O., Galskeiwicz, L., & Marsden, P.V. 1978. Community structure as interorganizational linkages. Anuual Review of Sociology, 4: 455-484.
Laursen, K. 1996. Horizontal diversification in the Danish national system of innovation: the case of pharmaceuticals. Research Policy, 25: 1121-1137.
Lee, G.K. 2004. The convergence of technology communications and computer networking, 1989-2001. Organization Science, In Press.
Leonard-Barton, D. 1992. Core capabilities and core rigidity: a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue, 13: 111-125.
Leonard-Barton, D. 1995. Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaining the source of innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Lerner, J. Shan, H. & Tsai, A. 2003. Do equity financing cycles matter? Evidence form biotechnology alliances. Journal of Financial Economics, 67: 411- 446.
Lincoln, J.R. Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24: 181-199.
Lippman, S. & Rumelt, R. 1982. Uncertain imitability: An analysis of interfirm differences in efficiency under competition. Bell Journal of Economics, 13: 418-438.
Lissitz, R.W., and Green, S.B. 1975. Effect of the number of scale points on reliability: a Monte Carlo approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60: 10-13.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. 1996. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1): 135-172.
Lyons, T.S. 2002. Building social capital for rural enterprise development: Three case studies in the United States. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(2): 193-216.
MacLachlan, A. 1995. Trusting outsiders to do your research: how does industry learn to do it? Research-Technology Management, 38(6): 48-53.
Maidique, M.A., Patch, P. 1982. Corporate strategy and technology policy. In Tushman, M.L. & Moore, W.L. (Eds.), Readings in the Management of Innovation: 273-285. Marshfield, MA: Pitman.
Mahoney, J., & Pandian, J.R. 1992. The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13(5): 363-380.
Malerba, F. 1992. Learning by firms and incremental technical change. Economical Journal, 102(413): 845-859.
Manu, F.A., & Sriram, V. 1996. Innovation, marketing strategy, environment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 35: 79-91.
Markides, C.C., & Williamson, P.J. 1996. Corporate diversification and organizational structure: A resource-based view. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2): 340-367.
Matkin, G. 1990. Technology Transfer and the University. New York: McMillan.
McMillan, G.S., Narin, F. & Deeds, D.L. 2000. An analysis of the critical role of public science in innovation: the case of biotechnology. Research Policy, 29: 1-8.
Medcof, J. W. 2000. The resource-based view and transnational technology strategy. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 11(1): 59-74.
Metcalfe, J.S., & Gibbons, M. 1989. Technology, variety and organization: a systematic perspective on the competitive process. In: Rosenbloom, R. and Burgelman, R. (Eds.), Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy, 4: 153-183. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Meyer, A.D. 1991. What is strategy’s distinctive competence? Journal of Management, 17: 821-833.
Mian, S.A., 1997. Assessing and managing the university technology business incubator: an integrative framework. Journal of Business Venturing, 2: 251-285.
Miles, M.P., & Arnold, D.R. 1991. The relationship between marketing orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15: 49-65.
Miles, R.E., & Snow, C.C. 1978. Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process. New-York: McGraw-Hill.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. 1978. Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management Science, 24: 921-933.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. 1982. Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: Two models of strategic momentum. Strategic Management Journal, 3: 1-25.
Miller, D., & Friesen P.H. 1983. Strategy-making and environment: The third link. Strategic Management Journal, 4: 221-235.
Miller, D. 1983. The correlates of entrepreneurships in three types of firms. Management Science, 29: 770-791.
Miller, D. 1987. Strategy making and structure: Analysis and implications for performance. Academy of Management Journal, 30: 7-32.
Miller, D. 1988. Relating Porter’s business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications. Academy of Management Journal, 31: 280-308.
Miller, D. & Shamsie, J. 1996. The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: The Hollywood firm studios from 1936 to 1965. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 519-543.
Miller, K. 1998. Are your surveys only suitable for wrapping fish? Quality Progress, 31(12): 47-51.
Moran, P., & Ghoshal, S. 1996. Markets, firms, and the process of economic development. Academy of Management Review, 24(3): 390-412.
Mowery, D.C., Oxley, J.E., Silverman, B.S. 1996. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 77-91.
Nagarajan, A. & Mitchell, W. 1998. Evolutionary diffusion: internal and external methods used to acquire encompassing, complementary, and incremental technological changes in the lithotripsy industry. Strategic Management Journal, 19: 1063-1077.
Nelson, R.R., & Winter, S.G. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nicholls-Nixon, C.L., & Woo, C.Y. 2003. Technology sourcing and output of established firms in a regime of encompassing technology change. Strategic Management Journal, 24: 651-666.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. 1995. The knowledge-crating company: How Japanese campanies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nunnally, J.C. 1978. Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Oliver, A., & Liebeskind, J. 1998. Three levels of networking for sourcing intellectual capital in biotechnology: implications for studying interorganizational networks. International Studies of Management Organization, 27(4): 76-103.
Olleros, F.J. 1986. Emerging industries and the burnout pioneers. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 3:5-18.
Owen-Smith, J., Riccaboni, M., Pammolli, F. & Powell, W.W. 2002. A comparison of U.S. and European university-industry relations in the life sciences. Management Science, 48: 24-43.
Owen-Smith, J. & Powell, W.W. 2004. Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community. Organization Science, 15(1): 5-21.
Pavitt, K. 1987. The objectives of technology policy. Science and Public Policy, 14(4): 182-188.
Penrose, E.T. 1959. The Theory of Growth of the Firm. New York: Wiley.
Perry-Smith, J.E., & Shalley, C.E. 2003. The social side of creativity: A static and dynamic social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 28(1): 89-106.
Peteraf, M.A. 1993. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3): 179-191.
Peters, L., Groenewegen, P., & Fiebelkorn, N. 1998. A comparison of networks between industry and public sector research in materials technology and biotechnology. Research Policy, 27: 255-271.
Pfeffer, J., & Nowak, P. 1976. Joint ventures and interorganizational interdependence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21: 398-418.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G.R. 1978. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
Pfeffer, J. 1987. Bring the environment back in: The social context of business strategy. In Teece, D.J. (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal: 119-135. New York, NY: Harper & Row Publishers.
Pisano, G.P. 1989. Using equity participation to support exchange: Evidence from the biotechnology Industry. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization. 5(1): 109-126.
Pisano, G.P. 1990. The R&D boundaries of the firm: an empirical analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 153-176.
Pisano, G.P. 1991. The governance of innovation: Vertical integration and collaborative arrangement in the biotechnology industry. Research Policy, 20: 237-249.
Pisano, G.P. 1997. R&D performance, collaborative arrangements, and the market-for-know-how: a test of the ‘lemons’ hypothesis in biotechnology. Working paper no.97-105. Harvard Business School.Porter, M.E. 1980. Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.
Porter, M.E. 1985. Competitive Advantage. New York: Free Press.
Porter, M.E. 1994. Toward a dynamic theory of strategy. In Rumelt, R.P., Schendel, D.E., & Teece, D.J. (eds.). Fundemental Issue in Strategy: A Research Agenda: 423-461. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Portes A. 1998. Social capital: its origins and applications in modern society. Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.
Powell, W.W. 1990. Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. Research Organization Behavior, 12: 295-336.
Powell, W.W. 1996. Inter-organization collaboration in the biotechnology industry. Journal of Industrial Theoretical Economics, 152: 197-215.
Powell, W.W. & Brantley. 1992. Competitive cooperation in biotechnology: Learning through networks. In: Nohria, N. and Eccles R.G. (Eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action: 366-394. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Powell, W.W., Koput, K.W., & Smith-Doerr, L. 1996. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: network of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 116-145.
Prahalad, C.K., & Bettis, R.A. 1986. The dominant logic: a new linkage between diversity and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 7(6): 485-501.
Reed, R., & DeFillippi, R.J. 1990. Causal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and sustainable competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 15: 88-102.
Rogers, E.M. 1995. Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Rothaermel, F.T. 2001. Complementary assets, strategic alliances, and the incumbent’s advantage: an empirical study of industry and firm effects in the biopharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 30: 1235-1251.
Rothaermel, F.T. & Deeds, D.L. 2004. Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 25:201-221.
Rothwell, R. 1977. The characteristics of successful innovators and technically progressive firms. R&D Management, 7(3): 191-206.
Rumelt, R.P. 1984. Towards a strategic theory of the firm. In Lamb, R. (Ed.), Competitive Strategic Management: 556-570. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rumelt, R.P. 1987. Theory, strategy, and entrepreneurship. In Teece, D.J. (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal: 137-158. New York, NY: Harper & Row Publishers.
Russo M.V., & Fout P.A. 1997. A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3): 534-559.
Sage, W. 1996. Funding fairness, public investment, proprietary rights, and access to healthcare technology. Virginia. Law Review, 82: 1737-1752.
Saleh, S.D., & Wang, C.K. 1993. The management of innovation: Strategy, structure, and organization climate. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 40(1): 14-21.
Scherer, F.M. 1980. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
Schumpeter, J.A. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schumpeter. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
Senker, J. 1996. National systems of innovation, organizational learning and industrial biotechnology. Technovation, 16(5), 219-229.
Shan, W., Walker, G., & Kogut, B. 1994. Interfirm cooperation and starup innovation in biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15(5):387-394.
Shan, W., & Hamilton, W. 1991. Country-specific advantage and international cooperation. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6): 419-432.
Simonin, B.L. 1999. Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 20: 595-623.
Slater, S.F., & Narver, J.C. 1995. Market orientation and the learning organization. Journal of marketing, 59: 63-74.
Sorensen, H.B., & Reve, T. 1998. Forming strategic alliances for asset development. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 14(3): 151-165.
Sower, V., Duffy, J., Kilbourne, W., Kohers, G., and Jones, P. 2001. The Dimensions of service quality for hospitals: Development and use of the KQCAH scale. Healthcare Management Review, 26(2): 47-58.
Stalk, G., Evans, P., & Shulman, L. 1992. Competing on capabilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business Review, March-April: 57-69.
Staropoli, C. 1998. Cooperation in R&D in the pharmaceutical industry – The network as an organizational innovation governing technological innovation. Technovation, 18(1): 13-23.
Staurt, T.E. 1998. Network positions and properties to collaborate: an investigation of strategic alliance formation in a high-technology industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43: 668-698.
Sutton, R.I., & Hargadon, A. 1996. Brainstorming groups in context: Effectiveness in a product design firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 685-718.
Szulanski, G. 1996. Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 17: 27-43.
Tabak, F., & Barr, S.H. 1998. Innovation attributes and category membership: Explaining intention to adopt innovations in strategic decision making contexts. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 9: 17-33.
Teece, D.J. 1980. Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1: 223-247.
Teece, D.J. 1982. Towards an economic theory of the multiproduct firm. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3:39-63.
Teece, D.J. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15: 285-305.
Teece, D.J., & Pisano, G. 1994. The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3: 537-556.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509-553.
Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. 1998. Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 464-467.
Tsai, W. 2001. Knowledge transfer in interorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5): 996-1004.
Tushman, M.L., & Anderson, P. 1986. Technological discontinuities and organization environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31: 439-465.
Utterback, J.M. 1994. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Uzzi, B. 1996. The sources and consequences of embededness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61: 674-698.
Uzzi, B. 1997. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embededness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 35-67.
Uzzi, B. 1999. Embeddedness in the making of financial capital: how social relations and benefit firms seeking financing. American Sociological Review, 64: 481-505.
Verona, G. 1999. A resource-based view of product development. Academy of Management Review, 24(1): 132-142.
Von Hippel, E. 1994. “Sticky information” and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation. Management Science, 40(4): 429-439.
Waldinger, R. 1995. The “other side” of embeddedness: A case-study of the interplay of economy and ethnicity. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 18: 555-573.
Walker, G., Kogut, B., & Shan, W.J. 1997. Social capital, structure holes, and the formation of an industry network. Organization Science, 8: 109-125.
Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 171-180.
White, H. 1980. A Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroscedasticity. Econometrica, 48: 817-838.
Yeoh, P., & Roth, K. 1999. An empirical analysis of sustained advantage in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry: Impact of firm resources and capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 20: 637-653.
Zahra, S.A. 1993. Environment, corporate entrepreneurship and company performance: A taxonomic approach. Journal of Business Venture, 8: 319-340.
Zahra, S.A. 1996. Technology strategy and performance: a study of corporate-sponsored and independent biotechnology ventures. Journal of Business Venture, 11(4): 289-321.
Zahra, S.A., & Covin, J.G. 1993. Business strategy, technology policy and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 14:451-478.
Zahra, S.A. & George, G. 2000. Manufacturing strategy and new venture performance: a comparison of independent and corporate ventures in the biotechnology industry. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2): 313-345.