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題名:從全球化觀點探討恐怖主義對管理之衝擊
作者:劉典嚴
校院名稱:中華大學
系所名稱:科技管理學系
指導教授:林 錦 煌 博 士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:全球化恐怖主義系統動態學敘說探究情境分析GlobalizationTerrorismSystem dynamicNarrative InquiryScenario analysis
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基於管理代表著管理者對生產、銷售、人力、研發、財務、資訊等諸多構面的融合運作並對問題衝擊所提出的實用性解決方案;簡單而言,代表透過「人」提升對「事」的經營效率與效能。於是近年幾件特殊的恐怖事件,包括美國911 攻擊、莫斯科挾持人質事件、峇里島爆炸案、利雅德爆炸案、馬德里爆炸案,均強烈波及到組織的人、事經營,可謂對企業管理造成顯著衝擊。 本文結合敘說探究法與情境分析法,輔之以系統動態學的因果回饋分析,闡明恐怖主義的產生原因,及其為何要以美國為對象發動911 恐怖攻擊事件,導致以美國為首的世界各國莫不深思熟慮,如何積極研擬出有效對付恐怖主義的方法,這讓舉世許多組織對緊急事件規劃有了嶄新的關注。鑑於全球化促使恐怖主義有更為猖獗的傾向,而欲藉由管理與科技有效防範恐怖主義,則需改變組織對外在環境威脅的思考模式。 研究結果闡釋了恐怖主義對人力資源規劃、供應鏈管理、策略行銷三個管理構面受衝擊的意涵。基於萬事肇因於人,因而本研究將人力資源規劃作為探究組織管理對付潛在恐怖事件衝擊的首要項目,管理者需借助歷史上重大災難的經驗,將反恐任務視為危機管理的一環,以提升人力資源部門緊急應變的有效性。此外,在存具恐怖主義的變動性環境裡,為確保作業的持續性,還須檢視供應鏈管理層面,這可透過基礎建設的防護、雙軌制的存貨管理、隨時掌控貨運行蹤、改善協同商務等四個要項來降低風險衝擊。最後,鑑於企業管理任務的最終目標乃降低損失或追求利潤極大化,而恐怖事件往往會對企業在市場上的競爭有所干擾,特別是對國際企業進入海外市場的方式與訂價等策略行銷等方面的衝擊,因而萌生了在這方面改善管理作為的機會與挑戰。 本研究的貢獻,在於描繪出恐怖主義的產生,且將恐怖主義與經營管理發展做適度連結,並對導致全球有關防範恐怖攻擊事件的科技管理現況,做一剖析及提出合理的解釋,以說明一旦遭受恐怖攻擊後,組織經營上應有之防禦與變革,同時引發對未來管理實務的思考。
Integrated with production, sale, human resource, research & development, finance, and information scenario, management is often influenced greatly by the sudden impacts from other external environments. As shown by the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, Bali bombings, Madrid bombings, and London bombings, some technologies have been fundamentally affected by terrorism, especially those concerning globalization, infrastructure, corporations, education, and ndividuals. This paper considers a variety of ways that terrorism and threats to individual and organizational security are affecting managerial and organizational ehavior. These effects exist at several levels and in a number of interconnected areas. It considers the history of terrorism, antecedents and consequences of errorism, and what might be done to reduce the incidence and effects of terrorist attacks. Using system dynamics (SD), narrative inquiry, and scenario analysis methodology, our paper first examines the causes of terrorism and why the United States was chosen as the target for the 9/11 terror attacks. The concept of SD, helps analysts realize the variation of a complicated system and perceive how an internal feedback loop within a system impacts the whole system’s behavior. After suffering the 9/11 attacks, the American-led coalition carefully considered how to study and develop effective methods for anti-terrorism strategies.Since International terrorism had existed for years, there has been a renewed interest in emergency prevention policies in many organizations around the World. Functional terrorism preparedness requires changes in organizational thinking about external environmental threats, and this should be led by human resource planning, supply chain management, and strategic marketing. In order to achieve this goal, human resource departments must redefine their role in terms of crisis management. Four key supply chain planning measures for insuring post-emergency operations should be observed, there would be infrastructure protection, dual inventory, shipment visibility, and improved collaboration. These anti-terrorism efforts will have a major impact on technology development, and many opportunities and challenges are likely to arise from such development. Based on the qualitative analytic approach of causal loops, this article explores in detail the opportunities and challenges for management development prompted by terrorism. Consideration will need to be given to changes in organizational communication as well as workforce planning and succession. Terrorism poses both direct and indirect threats to the operations of the firm. It represents a market imperfection that increases transaction costs and creates barriers to the free flow of goods. A collection of propositions for marketing communication strategies is offered. The contribution of this study lies in appropriately analyzing links between terrorism and management in order to explain the present relevant technology situation and to initiate a discussion of future management development trends.
 
 
 
 
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