臺灣養豬示範戶生產效率及環境績效衡量之研究__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	臺灣養豬示範戶生產效率及環境績效衡量之研究
作者：	楊志慶
作者(外文)：	Chih-Ching Yang
校院名稱：	國立中興大學
系所名稱：	應用經濟學系所
指導教授：	蕭景楷
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2006
主題關鍵詞：	生產效率；環境效率；資料包絡分析(DEA)；養豬場；Productive efficiency；Environmental performance；Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)；Pig farm
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:1

本文使用資料包絡分析（data envelopment analysis，DEA）方法探討養豬業之生產及污染防治環境績效，除考慮一般性產出（意欲產出，desirable outputs）外，本文將非意欲產出（undesirable outputs）亦納入考慮。
經由相關文獻的研讀與分析，發現目前DEA模型處理非意欲產出的方法仍存在許多爭議。本文所提出藉由管制政策轉換非意欲產出的方法，具有以下的優點：1.轉換後的資料仍以產出項處理，2.轉換後的資料可採強可拋假設，3.轉換後的資料各具特殊的經濟意義（如污染處理量、污染受檢測的合格率及剩餘排放權等），可避免以倒數處理或使用一個「夠大的數字」減去非意欲產出的量等處理方法將使資料喪失原有特性的缺失，4.文獻中的方法所估計的效率值只能反應其固定投入下生產較多意欲產出及釋放較少污染的能力，或生產同數量意欲產出及釋放同數量污染下使用較少投入的能力，而本文的轉換方法除仍涵蓋上述兩項能力外，更將受評估單位排放污染符合管制條件的能力納入估計。
本文除分析養豬業的生產與環境效率及探討影響效率的可能原因外，也參考文獻上對非意欲產出採不同處置性假設之差異，以估計管制造成生產損失的評估方式，進一步比較是否納入污染排放所造成生產邊界的移動以估計管制所造成的生產損失。結果發現，管制將使受評估豬場每頭母豬的年上市毛豬產量減少約4.6%，換算成毛豬頭數，每家養豬場每年因管制將減少約141頭上市毛豬產出。此外，本文也將毛豬生產及廢水處理視為不同的生產活動，透過模型估算人力投入於這兩項活動的最適配置量，並與實際投入量比較，結果發現，重新配置無效率的人力資源使用，並無法有效提升產能。
傳統的DEA模型只單純探討投入與產出的關係，對於兩者的轉換關係和過程視為「黑箱」，也就是說，僅將整個生產過程視為一個技術。本文除仍將整個生產過程以單一技術處理外，並進一步將其區分為毛豬生產及污染處理兩個技術，及再將其細分為仔豬生產、幼豬育成及污染處理三個技術，以比較單一技術及多技術DEA模型的實證差異。結果發現這三種方式所估計的整體技術效率具顯著正相關，但效率值的分配方面，前二種是相同的，但與第三種的分配並不相同。進一步分析發現，少數樣本戶在三個模型所估計的效率值及優劣排序存在極大的差異，但對多數其他的樣本戶而言，單一技術模型已能相當程度地反應其整體技術效率。

以文找文

This study used DEA (data envelopment analysis) to analyze productive efficiency and environmental performance of exemplary pig farms in Taiwan. In addition to desirable outputs, undesirable outputs (wastewater) were also included.
It was a controversial issue that how undesirable outputs were included in DEA. In this study, we proposed that environmental regulations may be used to transfer the undesirable output data. The advantages of this method were: 1. The transformed data were treated as output variables; 2. The transformed data kept the assumption of strong disposability; 3. The transformed data were meaningful (in terms of quantity of pollution treatments, the degree of compliance with environmental regulations, or emission permits); and 4. The method explicitly considered the DMUs’ ability of complying with environmental rules.
The productive efficiency and environmental performance of each pig farm can be estimated through the models we established and Tobit regression models were used to analyze the possible factors affecting the efficiency/performance. Comparing the models with/without pollutants, the loss of production possibility set can be shown and which indicated the loss percentage due to environmental regulations. The results show the percentage is 4.6%, which meant 141 pigs for each pig farm on average. Pig production and wastewater treatment were further viewed as different productive activities and evaluated if the labor input allocations between these two activities were optimal. We found that production capacity cannot be raised by reallocating the inefficient labor input.
From a practical viewpoint, we separated the whole production process into two or three sub-technologies, and comparing the results of multi-technologies models with a single technology model. It was found that, the efficiency values calculated from these three models were positively and significantly correlated. The distributions of efficiency values are similar between the two-technologies and single-technology models, but both were different from the three-technologies model. Only a few pig farms have very different efficiency values and rankings among these three models, which indicated that a single-technology model may be good enough for most pig farms.

以文找文

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