:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:台灣國際商港水域航行安全性及海事事故分級制度之研究
作者:劉中平
作者(外文):Chung-Ping Liu
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:航運管理學系
指導教授:梁金樹
朱經武
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:海事事故航行安全事故致因事故分級灰色關聯分析灰聚類方法Marine incidentNavigation safetyAccident causesAccident classificationGrey Relational AnalysisGray clustering method
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:1
台灣係一高度仰賴海洋運輸經濟的海島型國家,海事事故的預防與排除著實是維繫此一經濟體系有效運作的一項重要課題。海事事故常會引發航行上的意外,及危害人命與財產、污染海洋環境,甚至妨礙港埠營運。
自1997年國際海事組織不斷提倡調查分析海事事故以找出其因果關係,進而助當權者擬定有關航安與海洋環保之政策規範。多數學者之研究重點於相異國籍船舶間的海事事故、船員死亡事故及船舶安全,而少數學者致力於研究港埠安全,尤在一國管轄水域之航行安全課題。從過往紀錄顯示海事事故主要發生於港埠管轄水域內及其鄰近水域,若欲降低其發生率,則港埠管轄水域之航行安全分析是不可或缺的。
由於我國海事報告資料所能提供分類的信息具不完全及少量的特性,且灰聚類方法於近年來應用在處理訊息不完全與不確定時,都能獲得不錯的結果,故本研究以灰色理論方法作為探討台灣國際商港水域安全性分析與事故分級的主要工具。
首先,本文為調查我國管轄水域之航行安全現況並提出建議以加強各港之航行安全,遂以1992年至2003年間我國各商港之海事事故紀錄加以分析,並透過文獻回顧與實地訪談後設計與改良了六項水域安全的評估指標,再透過灰色關聯分析法分析後,發現花蓮港與台中港之航行安全優於基隆港與高雄港。然後再藉由徹底的回顧事故報告,並與港務機關首長及海事專家學者晤談,揭示出一些我國商港所遭遇到的憂慮,並提供一些建議以鞏固港埠航行安全。
其次,「海事事故」為不可預期的風險,為防止或降低船舶發生海事事故,有效地提供航海人員有關各灣靠港的海事事故資料庫,以供船舶航行之參考,則顯得極為重要。而在高品質海事事故資料庫之建立上,海事事故等級劃分原則之制定,則扮演著極為重要的角色。
本論文亦在透過與各航港機關、海事評議專家及海難救護機構組織之訪談與問卷調查,及蒐集國際施行海事事故分級現況,來找尋適合建立台灣國際商港海事事故等級劃分的指標。藉由所蒐集107筆海事事故資料,以灰聚類將其分為「特殊重大事故」、「重大事故」、「一般事故」、「小事故」等四級之後,發現與人員疏失有關的海事事故比例高達93.5﹪,其中駕駛部的甲級船員佔了85.1﹪,並發現船長的過失最為嚴重,其次為大副、輪機長及領港。本文之研究結果除了對航海人員可增強其對造成各類事故成因之重視與戒心,以及對遇險防護與應變技能之提昇提供相當大的助益外,深信本文之海事事故分級對於海事事故之審理機構、救護機構及相關單位於審理、搜索與救護期間上,有助於妥善規劃其應投入的資源。
最後,本文不僅藉由海事事故資料整理分析出事故致因因素,亦建立了港口水域安全評估的關聯分析模型,與擬定海事事故分級制度。本研究成果既可為我國水上安全宏觀管理提供依據,也可為特定港口的安全管理提供依據,並對於避免和減少港口事故的巨大經濟損失具有一定的意義與貢獻。
Being an island country, the economy in Taiwan highly depends on marine transportation. Avoiding the occurrence of marine accidents is an important issue for stabilizing our economy system. Marine accidents usually bring casualties in the navigation, and consequently danger human life and property, contaminate the ocean environment, and encumber the operations of ports.
Since 1997, the International Maritime Organization has advocated investigating and analyzing marine accidents in order to find the cause-effect relationship for benefiting authorities in making marine policies and regulations for navigation safety and ocean environment protection. Many researchers have studied on issues of marine casualties in different flags, seamen fatalities, and ferries safety. However, little research has been devoted to the port security, especially the field of navigation safety within a country’s territorial waters. Past records showed that marine incidents have occurred mostly on and near the territorial waters of ports. Hence, the navigation safety analysis of territorial waters of ports is essential to reduce marine casualties.
Due to the incomplete information of marine affairs in Taiwan for classification, we know that the Gray Clustering Method is an ideal way not only in dealing with incomplete information and uncertain causality but also providing good results. So we take the Gray Theory Method for our methodology in studying on the safety analysis and accident classification for waters of international commercial harbors in Taiwan.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the present navigation safety in Taiwanese territorial waters and make suggestions to strengthen the navigation safety of ports. In this paper, we analyze the marine incident records of each Taiwan’s commercial port from 1992 to 2003, and identify six indicators that can reveal the safety of waters by literature review and interviews. The Grey Relationship Analysis methodology is also applied to rank the navigation safety orders of each commercial port; we find that the navigation safety of Port Hualien and Port Taichung are better than that of Port Keelung and Port Kaohsiung. Finally, through thoroughly reviewing incident reports and interviewing with the managers of port authorities and marine specialists, we reveal some apprehensions encountered by Taiwan’s commercial ports, and provide some suggestions to strengthen the navigation safety of ports.
“Marine accident” belongs to risks which cannot be prevented in advance. In order to reduce marine accidents, we should provide a quality database of marine accident in each harbor for reference. Establishing the principles to classify marine accidents plays an important role before constructing the quality database of marine accidents.
During the process of research, we have discussed with the manager of harbor bureaus, experts of maritime arbitration, and the manager of salvage organizations, and have surveyed present marine accident classification in the world in order to construct appropriate indices for classification. After analysing 107 data of marine accidents, we classify the accidents into four types- ‘especially important accident’, ‘important accident’, ‘ordinary accident’, and ‘minor accident’- by the Gray Clustering Method. And we found that the crew’s negligence accounts for 93.5﹪for the cause of all accidents. Furthermore, 85.1﹪of crew’s negligence is caused by senior crew. Based on above findings, some suggestions are provided. It is obvious that the results of this study can strengthen the seaman ability to deal with an emergency accident. The Grey Clustering Method proposed in this study is also helpful for organizations, such as the admiralty court and the salvage organization, in optimizing how many resources they should invest in.
In conclusion, we conclude accident causes by analyzing marine accident data, construct the relation analyzing model for safety assessment in port waters, and frame the marine accident classification system. This research not only assists the integrated management for safety at sea in Taiwan and safety management in particular harbors, but contributes to minimize marine accidents involved economic losses within waters of ports.
一、中文部分
1. 于伯(1992),「VTS管理功能及等級劃分的研究」,大連海事學院未出版碩士論文,中國大陸。
2. 中華民國船長公會(1994),「航安業務之現況及研擬改進措施研究」,交通部委託研究計劃,台北市。
3. 中華海運研究協會(1994),「兩岸交流與海上安全問題之研究」,行政院大陸委員會委託計劃,台北市。
4. 中華海運研究協會(1996),「海峽兩岸海上安全技術之研究」,交通部科技顧問室委託計劃,台北市。
5. 中華海運研究協會(2002),「台灣海域及商港區域沈船移除責任之研究」,計畫編號:6029011021,交通部委託研究計畫,台北市。
6. 王應剛(1996),「造林樹選擇中的灰色綜合局勢決策」,灰色系統研究新進展,中國大陸:華中理工大學出版社。
7. 方信雄(1994),「大型散裝船海難原因之探討」,航運季刊,第三卷,第一期,頁45-57。
8. 方信雄(2004),「港埠勞安的盲點」,高雄港,第十八卷,第四期,頁18-21。
9. 古文賢(1992),船舶運輸安全學,中國大陸:大連海運學院出版社。
10. 史開泉、吳國威、黃有評(1994),灰色信息關係論,台北市:全華科技圖書股份有限公司,頁305-358。
11. 田自力(1996),「灰色聚類在機械工程設計上應用於軸承選擇」,第一屆灰色系統理論與應用研討會論文集。
12. 冉井坤、殷佩海(2000),「大氣環境質量評定的灰色聚類模式」,大連海事大學學報,第二十六卷,第一期,頁84-88。
13. 交通部(1999),運輸安全白皮書(二)—海運安全篇,台北市:交通部出版。
14. 交通部(2002),交通政策白皮書:運輸,台北市:交通部出版。
15. 交通部運輸研究所(1993),航運安全相關法規與海事資料之分析研究,台北市:交通部運輸研究所出版。
16. 朱玉柱、越德鵬、黃曉麗(1999),「海上救助工作中救助船舶的優選原則與方法」,大連海事大學學報,第二十五期,第十卷,頁48-51。
17. 伍家志(1999),「1998年世界貨櫃港及台灣地區海事統計分析」,第十卷,第八期,頁30-41。
18. 李台生、林彬、陳彥宏、曾福成、陳建民、萬騰州、郭俊良、吳青慈、林厥輝(1997),「國際海事公約之研究(八)-建立我國海上油污染防治能力與國際合作之研究」,交通部運輸研究所委託海洋大學航運技術研究所之研究計劃,台北市。
19. 李昌明(2000),「多層次灰色預測方法—以國軍軍官考績評鑑為例」,國防管理學院資源管理研究所未出版碩士論文,中和市。
20. 祁敏(2002),「我國海難救助制度之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
21. 吳兆麟(1993),海事調查與分析,中國大陸:大連海運學院出版社。
22. 周億華(2000),「台灣地區海難案件沉船及擱淺船責任之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
23. 林光銘(1995),「海事審議制度之研究」,海運月刊,第一百一十期,頁29-39。
24. 邱學軍(1995),「灰色聚類及灰色關聯分析完成灰色模式識別的醫學診斷系統」,系統工程理論與實踐,第一卷,頁15-21。
25. 姚忠義、郭長齡等(1993),「我國海域及商漁船海難事故調查研究」,交通部委託中華民國船長公會研究計劃,台北市。
26. 洪挬論(2000),「海難事故搜救處理與證據調查之分析研究」,中央警察大學水上警察研究所未出版碩士論文,桃園縣。
27. 洪添英(2003a),「我國海上救助體制之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
28. 洪添英(2003b),「台灣海上搜救體系之探討」,漁友,第三百零八期,頁28-31。
29. 倪安順、林光、梁金樹(2003),「應用灰色系統於國際商港之港口選擇-以航商觀點」,灰色系統學刊,第六卷,第一期,頁63-74。
30. 黃仁邦(1992),「台灣地區海事特性分析與海上交通事故模式之建立」,國立交通大學交通運輸研究所未出版碩士論文,台北市。
31. 許俊彥、詹景裕、郭璧奎(1999),「電腦化航行路徑規劃系統在船舶避碰功能適用性之探討」,中華民國第六屆運輸安全研討會,頁384-396。
32. 張朝陽(1999),「海事評議及海事調查之研究(上)」,船舶與海運,第七百八十一期,頁1-8。
33. 張朝陽(1999),「海事評議及海事調查之研究(中)」,船舶與海運,第七百八十二期,頁1-8。
34. 張朝陽(1999),「海事評議及海事調查之研究(下)」,船舶與海運,第七百八十三期,頁1-6。
35. 張新立、林大煜(1994),「台灣地區海上交通安全體系之研究(二)—建立海上交通事故分析系統之研究」,交通部運輸研究所委託交通大學運輸工程與管理學系研究計劃,台北。
36. 張鑑(1980),「談海事評審兩級制度」,航運季刊,第十六卷,第四期,頁14-18。
37. 郭金龍(2002),「基隆港貨櫃儲運場取得ISO 9002認證後經營績效評估之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
38. 郭俊良(2000),「我國海事調查現況之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
39. 郭福村(2000),「我國搜救責任區內海難分析與搜救效率之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
40. 郭璧奎、楊仲筂、朱于益(1998),「促進兩岸海難救助合作之研究」,中國海運研究協會委託計畫,台北市。
41. 陳世屺、涂維穗(2001),「運輸安全管理省思與未來挑戰」,國家政策論壇,第一卷,第八期,頁1-9。
42. 陳志立(1991),「海上交通事故分析模式之研究」,碩士論文,國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所,基隆市。
43. 陳坤宗(2002),「我國海上搜救作業與訓練規畫之研究」,中央警察大學水上警察研究所未出版碩士論文,桃園縣。
44. 陳建三、陳慶昌、吳泮水(1993),台中港歷年來海事評議案例彙編,台中縣:台中港務局。
45. 陳彥宏、李台生、郭璧奎、張淑淨、趙榆生、葉世燦、陳淑玲(1995),「台灣地區海上交通安全體系之研究(三)—台灣海域海上搜索與救助現況調查與模擬分析之研究」,交通部運輸研究所委託海洋大學航海技術系之研究計劃,台北市。
46. 陳彥宏(1996),「電腦輔助海上搜索與救助之研究」,計畫編號:NSC-85-2611-E-019-022,行政院國科會專題研究計畫成果報告,台北市。
47. 陳彥宏、趙榆生、紀嘉毅(1996),「我國搜救責任區內漁船海上遇險之研究」,第三屆水上警察學術研討會,中央警官學校,頁263-274。
48. 陳彥宏、趙榆生、紀嘉毅(1997),「船舶海上遇險救援模擬之研究」,計畫編號:NSC-86-2211-E-019-002,行政院國科會專題研究計畫成果報告,台北市。
49. 陳彥宏(1998),「海上搜索與救助資訊整合之實證研究」,計畫編號:NSC-87-2611-E-019-029,行政院國科會專題研究計畫成果報告,台北市。
50. 陳彥宏(1999),「船舶海上交通遇險事故之調查研究」,計畫編號:NSC-88-2211-E-019-010,行政院國科會專題研究計畫成果報告,台北市。
51. 陳彥宏(2000),「海上遇險事故鑑定技術之初步研究」,計畫編號:NSC-89-2211-E-019-006,行政院國科會專題研究計畫成果報告,台北市。
52. 陳彥宏(2002),「台灣海難搜救體系之分析與檢討」,運輸計劃季刊,第三十一卷,第三期,頁635-662。
53. 陳彥宏、張家榕(2003),「散裝貨輪安全研究(一)—散裝貨輪全損海難風險分析」,海運學報,第十二期,頁77-92。
54. 陳傳炯、殷佩海、吳兆麟(1998),船舶安全與管理,中國大陸:大連海事大學出版社。
55. 陳瑞豐(1996),「海上搜救站選擇模式雛型建立之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
56. 陶世琳(1974),「談海事評議」,航運季刊,第十卷,第四期,頁19-21。
57. 葉世燦(1996),「我國當前海上助航與搜救實質問題之研究」,警學叢刊,第二十六卷,第四期,頁51-72。
58. 葉名山等著(1993),「台灣地區海上交通安全體系之研究(一)--建立台灣地區港埠交通安全體系之研究」,交通部運輸研究所委託逄甲大學運輸工程與管理學系研究計劃,台北市。
59. 葉明水(1996),「現行我國海事評議制度之研究」,國立海洋大學海洋法律研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
60. 傅廷中(2002a),「海難救助及其立法」,世界海運,第二十五期,第一卷,頁48-49。
61. 傅廷中(2002b),「海難救助行為的構成要件」,世界海運,第二十五期,第二卷,頁49-51。
62. 趙榆生(1996),「台灣海域海上遇險事故之調查研究」,海運學報,第四期,頁49-72。
63. 詹景裕、楊立豪、張啟隱(1999),「電腦化搜救系統之最佳化」,中華民國第六屆運輸安全研討會,頁397-406。
64. 詹景裕、許俊彥、張啟隱(2000),「電子海圖上一對一搜救與攔截系統」,運輸學刊,第十二卷,第一期,頁17-28。
65. 銀柳生(1996),「我國海難搜救系統成效分析」,中華民國第三屆運輸安全研討會,頁341-351。
66. 銀柳生(2003a),「建立兩岸三地海難搜救合作之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
67. 銀柳生(2003b),「建立兩岸三地海難搜救合作之研究」,航運季刊,第二十卷,第四期,頁59-79。
68. 廖中山(1996),「對我國海上安全體系有關問題之探討」,警學叢刊,第二十六卷,第四期,頁1-19。
69. 廖森雲(2003),「船舶海難事故調查與海事評議制度之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
70. 劉中平、梁金樹、朱經武(2004a),「台灣國際商港管轄水域海事事故分級之研究」,2004海峽兩岸智慧型運輸系統學術研討會,頁619-628。
71. 劉中平、梁金樹、朱經武(2004b),「台灣國際商港海事事故分級之研究」,運輸學刊,第十六卷,第四期,頁379-414。
72. 劉中平、梁金樹、朱經武、陳冠吟(2004a),「以灰色聚類法建構台灣海事事故分級之研究」,2004年中華民國運輸學會第十九屆學術論文研討會。
73. 劉中平、梁金樹、朱經武、陳冠吟(2004b),「台灣國際商港水域內船舶航行安全之灰色關聯性分析」,2004年中華民國運輸學會第十九屆學術論文研討會。
74. 劉中平、梁金樹、朱經武、陳冠吟(2004c),「台灣地區國際商港海事事故致因之灰關聯分析」,2004年中華民國運輸學會第十九屆學術論文研討會。
75. 劉士元(1995),「海上事故搜索救助系統雛形之研究」,國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所未出版碩士論文,基隆市。
76. 劉德華等(1995),「石油儲量的灰聚類分析」,灰色系統學刊,第三卷,頁263-276。
77. 潘和平(1996),「油井岩性灰聚類」,灰色系統學刊,第三卷,頁93-102,年。
78. 鄭中義、吳兆麟(2000),「船舶最佳轉向避碰幅度決策模型」,大連海事大學學報,第二十六卷,第四期,頁5-8。
79. 鄭中義、吳兆麟(2001),「船舶空間碰撞危險度的概念及其模型」,大連海事大學學報,第二十七卷,第四期,頁1-4。
80. 鄧聚龍(1999),灰色系統理論與應用,台北市:高立圖書有限公司,頁135-149。
81. 賴宏仁(1998),「經由灰聚類演算法之模糊系統設計」,淡江大學電機工程研究所未出版碩士論文,台北縣。
82. 戴聖堅(1991a),「船舶安全於海運經營之探討(上)」,船舶與海運,編號第595號,頁1-6。
83. 戴聖堅(1991b),「船舶安全於海運經營之探討(下)」,船舶與海運,編號第596號,頁1-8。
84. 蘇克明(2001),「互動式海事調查資料庫之建構」,中央警察大學水上警察研究所未出版碩士論文,桃園縣。


二、英文部分
1. Alderton, T. and Winchester, N. (2002), “Flag States and Safety: 1997-1999”, Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.151-162.
2. Bangchun, W., Zhishan, D., Hengxiu, W., and Shudong, Y. (1989), “Application of the Theory of Grey System to Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machine, In: Diagnostics Vehicle Dynamics and Special Topics”, Twelfth Binnial Conference on echanical Vibration and Noise, Presented at the 1989 ASME Design Technical Conference, Montreal, Que., Can., pp.32-36.
3. Bi, X. Y., Jia, C. Y. and Gu, C. G. (2001), “Determination of the minimum distance of the safe point of approach and attention DCPA”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.24-28.
4. Chang, N. B., Yeh, S. C., and Wu, G. C. (1999), “Stability Analysis of Grey Compromise Programming and Its Applications”, International Journal of Systems Science, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp.571-589.
5. Chen J. H. (2002), “On the Model of Decision System for Survival at Sea”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp.12-13.
6. Chen Q. M., Liu Y. L. (2003), “Study on Several Problems for the Vessel’s Fatal Deficiencies”, Found in Self-inspection, World shipping, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp.41-44.
7. Ding L. X. (2003), “A Further Analysis on Safer Shipping and Safety Management”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.22-23.
8. Deng, J. L. (1982), “The Control Problems of Grey Systems, Systems and Control Letters”, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.288-294.
9. Deng, J. L. (1984a), Contributions to Grey Systems and Agriculture, Mainland China: Science and Technology Press.
10. Deng, J. L. (1984b), The Theory and Methods of Socio-economic Grey Systems, Mainland China: Science Press.
11. Deng, J. L. (1986), Grey Prediction and Decision, Mainland China: Huazhong Institute of Echnology Press.
12. Deng, J. L. (1989), “Introduction to Grey Systems”, The Journal of Grey Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.1-24.
13. Fang, X. L., Wu, F. L., Nie, J. T., and He, H. G. (1999), “Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Marine Traffic System”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 25, No. Supplement, pp.92-97.
14. Feng, Y. G. (1992), “Comprehensive Evaluation of Groundwater Quality by Grey Cluster”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 4, pp.89-96.
15. Gao, Y. S. and Wu, Z. L. (2001), “Analysis and evaluation on the danger degree of environment in the channel of Xiamen port”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.5-8.
16. Guo, J. G. and Wang, Y. Z. (2000), “Synthesis evaluation of the placement of aids to navigation in port environment”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp.38-42.
17. Havold, J. I. (2000), “Culture in maritime safety, Maritime Policy and Management”, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.79-88.
18. Hong B. and Yo X.(1997), “The effect of ISM Code in ship management”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp.34-37.
19. Hou Y. Q., Wu Z. L. and Zheng Z. Y.(2000), “The study of ship safety manning”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp.47-51.
20. Huang, G. H., Baetz, B. W., and Patry, G. G. (1994), “Grey Fuzzy Dynamic Programming: Application to Municipal Solid Waste Management Planning Problems”, Civil Engineering Systems, Vol. 11, pp.43-73.
21. Huang, G. H., Baetz, B. W., and Patry, G. G. (1995), “A Grey Integer Programming: An Applicator to Waste Management Planning under Uncertainty”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 83, pp.594-620.
22. Huang, Y. P., Zheng Z. Y., and Wu Z. L. (1997), “Fuzzy Model for Quantitative Determination of Casualty Levels”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp.29-33.
23. Hus, C. I., and Wen, Y. H. (1998), “Applying Grey Clustering and Multiobjective Programming on Airline Network Design”, Proceedings of the Second Asia Pacific Decision Science Institute Conference, Taipei, Taiwan.
24. Hwang, J. H. (2001), “The Applications of Grey Theory on Test Items Selection”, Master’s theses, Mainland China: I-Shou University, Department of Information Engineering Press.
25. Jan, G. E., Lin, M. B. and Chen Y. Y. (1997), “Computerized Shortest Path Searching for Vessels”, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.95-99.
26. Lee, C. J., Huang, Y. F., and Lin, G. (2002), “Evaluation Model of Heavy Machinery Dealer Service Performance”, The 2002(7th) National Conference on Grey System Theory and Applications, pp. I-69~I-74.
27. Lee, M. (2003), “Analysis on Capability of Salvage and Rescue at Sea in China”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.15-16.
28. Li, K. X. and Wonham, J. (1999), “Who Is Safe and Who Is at Risk: A Study of 20-Year-Record on Accident Total in Different Flags”, Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.137-144.
29. Li, K. X. and Wonham, J. (2001), “Maritime Legislation: New Areas for Safety of Life at Sea”, Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.225-234.
30. Liu, C. P., Liang, G. S., Chu, C. W., and Su, Y. (2005), “Establishing Marine Incident Classification: A Case Study in Taiwan”, Journal of Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6, pp.952-967.
31. Liu, D. H., and Liu, J. K. (1995), “Application of Grey Clustering to Quantifying Petroleum Reserve”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 3, pp.263-270.
32. Liu P. X. and Shen H. (2003), “The Harm to the Ro/Ro Ship by Loading Vehicles with Overload and Over-high”, World shipping, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp.17-18.
33. Liu X. J. and Sun G. (2002), “The Unsafe Deficiency and Preventing Measures to the LPG Vessels”, World Shipping, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.12-13.
34. Luo, X. (2003), “The Hidden Dangers of Vessel in/out Port and its Countermeasure”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.27-28.
35. Ma, Z. S. and Zhang, Z. Z. (1990), “Application of Grey Clustering Analysis to Natural Habitat Unit of Insect Population”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 2, pp.179-187.
36. Pan, H. P. (1995), “Application of Grey Relational Clustering to Geophysical Well logging”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 3, pp.247-258.
37. Pan, C. L., Huang, Y. F., and Lin, G. (2002), “The Study of Grey Relational Analysis in the Selection of Excellent Construction Contractors”, The 2002(7th) National Conference on Grey System Theory and Applications, pp.III-13~III-20.
38. Qiu, Z. X. (1992), “Quantitative Determination of VTMS Levels”, Journal of Navigation, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp.285-291.
39. Ross, M. and Dawson, R. (1994), “Drift Errors in Search and Rescue”, The Journal of Navigation, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp.369-382.
40. Saaty, T. L. (1971), The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, New York: McGraw-Hill.
41. Saaty, T. L. (1980), The analytic hierarchy process, New York: McGraw-Hill.
42. Saaty, T. L. and Vargas, L.G. (1982), The logic of priorityies, Massachusette, Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.
43. Shao, Z. P., Wu, Z. L., Fang, X. L. and Chen, S. Y. (1999), “The evaluation method for manoeuvring environment risk degree based on fuzzy inference, Journal of Dalian Maritime University”, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp.16-20.
44. Shao Z. P., Zheng Z. Y., Yang D. and Wu Z. L. (1999), “A Statistical analysis on the basis of quantified achievements in the 90’s in marine traffic research”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.41-44.
45. Song, Y. (2003), “Analysis on the Cause of Collision between Fishing Boat and Merchant Ship”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp.15-16.
46. Stephen, Su, Y. H., and Ma, H. D. (1998), “Fault Isolation in Grey Systems”, Internation Test Conference Proceedings: NewFrontiers in Testing, Pub. by IEEE.
47. Talley and Wayne K. (2002), “The Safety of Ferries: An Accident Injury Perspective”, Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp.331-338.
48. Tang, I. L., Chen, S. Y., and Chen, C. B. (1998), “Ranking Analysis in Mutual Fund Performance Based on Grey Relational Grade”, 1998 Third National Conference on Grey Theory and Applications, Chang-Hua Taiwan, pp.145-152.
49. Wang, F. W., Wu, Z. L., and Zheng, Z. Y. (2003), “Analysis and Preventing Measure of the Shipwreck”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp.9-11.
50. Wang, Y. F. (2002), “Predicting Stock Price Using Fuzzy Grey Prediction System”, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.33-38.
51. Wang, Z., Lee, L., and Bao, S. M. (2002), “Salvage for Vessels and Survivors in Distress”, World Shipping, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.16-17.
52. Wen, H., Fang, F., and Xiao, H. L. (2003), “The Redesign on the Accident Classification of Vessel Traffic Accident Statistical Regulations of PRC”, World Shipping, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.12-14.
53. Wen, K. L. and Wu, J. H. (1996), “On Distinguishing Coefficient & Relational Grade”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.11-18.
54. Weng, Y. Z. and Wu, Z. L. (2001), “Safety of the Navigation Environment System for the Port of Xiamen”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.1-4.
55. Wong, C. C. and Lai, H. R. (2000), “A New Grey Relational Measurement”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.341-346.
56. Wu, C. C. and Chang, N. B. (2003), “Grey Input-Output Analysis and Its Application for Environmental Cost Allocation”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp.175-201.
57. Wu, H. J. and Chen, C. B. (1999), “An Alternative Form for Grey Correlative Grader”, The Journal of Grey Systems, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.7-12.
58. Wu, Z. L. and Zheng, Z. Y. (2000), “Model of ship’s optimization opportunity for taking collision avoidance action in decision-making for collision avoidance”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp.1-4.
59. Wu, Z. L. and Zheng, Z. Y. (2001), “The collision risk and its model”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.1-5.
60. Xiong, Z. N. and Wu, Z. L. (2001), “Research on the Grey Incidence Analysis of Maritime Accidents”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.11-15.
61. Yao P. (2002), “Classification and Definition of the Forms of Maritime Distress”, World Shipping, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp.36-38.
62. You, Q. H. and Xie, C. L. (2002), “The Discussion on Construction of the Shipping Safety Culture”, World Shipping, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp.10-12.
63. Zeng, B. Y., Li, Q. Q., Li, A. F., Zhang, C. Q., and Chen, H. B. (1993), “Grey Clustering for Wheat Parent Crosses”, The Journal of Grey System, Vol. 3, pp.235-242.
64. Zhang, C. L., Xu, L. P., Cui, L. J., and Hu, K. F. (2000), “A Discussion on Researching Methods Concerning Human Elements in the Safety at Sea”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.76-79.
65. Zhang, T. B. (2002), “Some Points on the Strength of the Law Enforcement Personnel of Maritime Safety Administration”, World Shipping, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp.13-15.
66. Zhao, J. S., Wu, Z. L. and Wang, F. C. (1993), “Comments on Ship Domains”, The Journal of Navigation, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp.422-436.
67. Zheng, Z. Y. and Wu, Z. L. (1999), “Study on decision for collision avoidance of vessels in near head-on situation based on entropy”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp.21-25.
68. Zheng, Z. Y. and Wu, Z. L. (2000), “The collision avoidance decision model based on the satisfactory degree function of stand-on vessel”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp.24-28.
69. Zheng, Z. Y. and Wu, Z. L. (2001), “Ultimate-opportunity of course in collision avoidance model and its application”, Journal of Dalian Maritime University, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.6-10.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE