中文文獻
沙益安和廖奇璋 (2005)，膽固醇液晶螢幕輕薄又省電，關掉電源也能顯示，新電子科技雜誌, 網址：http://64.233.179.104/。
美工圖書社編，色彩計劃手冊，1995年，台北，8-9。
翁秉仁 譯 (2002)，電子紙爭雄記，科學人，第5期。網址：http://www.sciam.com.tw/。
陳連春 (1998)，彩色液晶顯示器—原理與技術，台北，建興出版社。
劉瑞祥 (1998)，液晶之基礎與應用，台北，國立編譯館，2版。
羅方禎 (1999)，TFT的設計與生產，液晶電子研討會，台南，崑山技術學院。
英文文獻
Ahlström, G., Lowden, A., Malmkvist, H., Schenkman, B., Stöhr, R. and Weselka, R. (1992). Field study of a new type of computer screen technology. In: Luczak, H., Cakir, A. and Cakir, G. (Eds.), Work With Display Units 92, Selected Proceedings of the Third International Scientific Conference on Work with Display Units, Berlin, Germany.
Andersen, T. (1986). LCD screens rival the CRT. Systems International, 14 (6), 60-61.
Ankrum, D. R. (1996). Viewing Distance at Computer Workstations. Workplace Ergonomics, 2, 5, 10-13.
Ankrum, D. R. and Nemeth, K. K. (1995). Posture, comfort, and monitor placement. Ergonomics in Design, 3, 7-9.
ANSI/HFS 100-1988. (1988). American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations. Human Factors Society, Inc., Santa Monica, California.
Aoki, K., Yamanoi, N., Aoki, M. and Horie, Y. (1984). A study on the change of visual function in CRT display task. In: Human-Computer Interaction, G. Salvendy, Ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 465-468.
Bangor, Aaron W. (2005). Display Technology and Ambient Illumination Influences on Visual Fatigue at VDT Workstations. Retrieved July 28, from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, digital library and archives, Web site: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses
Benz, C., Grob, R., and Haubner, P. (1983). Designing VDU workplaces. (German edition: Gestaltung von Bildschirm-Arbeitsplätzen). Köln: Verlag TÜV Rheinland.
Bergqvist, U. O. and Knave, B. (1987). Visual Display Terminals and Workers' Health. World Health Organization Offset Publications, 99.
Boschman, M. C. and Roufs, J. A. J. (1997). Text quality metrics for visual display units: I.Methodological aspects. Displays, 18 (18), 37-43.
Boschman, M. C. and Roufs, J. A. J. (1997). Text quality metrics for visual display units: II. An experimental survey. Displays, 18 (18), 45-64.
Bullimore, M. A., Fulton, E. J. and Howarth, P. A. (1990). Assessment of visual performance. In: Wilson, J. R. and Corelett, E. N. (Eds.), Evaluation of human work: A practical ergonomics methodology, Taylor and Francis, London.
Burgess-Limerick, R., Mon-Willams M. and Coppard, V. L. (2000). Visual display height. Human Factors, 42 (1), 140-150.
Burnacz, J. G. (1990). PC Monitors: pleasing to the Eye- And the Budget. Today ’s office, 25 (3), 24-25.
Castelhano, M. S. and Muter, P. (2001). Optimizing the reading of electronic text using rapid serial visual presentation. Behaviour and Information Technology, 20, 237-247.
Charles, A. and Tohn, K. (1985). Flat Panels: A New Fact for Terminals. Computerworld, 19 (4), 11-16.
Chen, C. Y. and Zhong, T. D. (1999). An Ergonomic Development for VDT Workstation. Published by the Institute of ccupational Safety and Health Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan, Republic of China, IOSH88-H326.
Chen, H. C., Chan, K. T. and Tsoi, K. C. (1988). Reading self-paced moving text on a computer display. Human Factors, 30, 285-291.
Chen, M. T. and Lin, C. C. (2004). Comparison of TFT-LCD and CRT on visual recognition and subjective preference. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 167-174.
Chi, C. F. and Lin, F. T. (1998). A comparison of seven visual fatigue assessment techniques in three data-acquisition VDT tasks. Human Factors, 40 (4), 577-592.
Codning, E. C. and Hacunda, J. S. (1991). Computer and Visual Screens. Abacus, MJ, U.S.A.
Cole and Barry L (2003). Do video display units cause visual problems?—a bedside story about the processes of public health decision-making. Clin Exp Optom, 86: 4: 205-220.
Collins, C. C., O'Meara, D. and Scott, A. B. (1975). Muscle tension during unrestrained human eye movements. Journal of Physiology, 240, 351-369.
Dillon, A. (1992). Reading from paper versus screens: a critical review of the empirical literature. Ergonomics, 35, 1297-1326.
DIN 66234. Characteristic values for the adaptation of workstations with fluorescent screens to humans, Parts 1 to 9. German DIN Association, 1981.
Donohue, James F. (1986). Neatness, Low Power Drain Propel Flat-Panel Displays. Mini-Micro Systems, 19 (5), 41-46.
E-ink Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
E-Ink Corporation (2002). Electronic Ink Key Performance Benefits. Web site: http://www.eink.com/pdf/eink_key_benefits_02.pdf
E-Ink Corporation (2002). Display Readability. Web site: http://www.eink.com/pdf/eink_readability_02.pdf
E-Ink Corporation (2002), A Closer Look: Revolutionary Paper-Like Display Technology. Web site: http://www.eink.com
Fisher, R. F. (1977). The force of contraction of human ciliary muscle during accommodation. Journal of Physiology, 270, 51-74.
Gallimore, J. J. and Brown, M. E. (1993). Effectiveness of the C-Sharp: reducing ergonomics problems at VDTs. Applied Ergonomics, 24 (5), 327-336.
Gould, J. D. and Grischkowsky, N. (1984). Doing the same work with hard copy and cathode ray tube (CRT) computer terminals. Human Factors, 26, 323-337.
Goussard, Y., Martin, B. and Stark, L. (1987). A New Quantitative Indicator of Visual Fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 34 (1), 23-29.
Grandjean, E., Hunting, W. and Piderman, M. (1983). VDT workstation design: Preferred settings and their effects. Human Factors, 25, 161-175.
Grandjean, E. (1987). Ergonomics in computerized offices. London: Taylor & Francis.
Gratton, I., Piccoli, B., Zaniboni, A., Meroni, M. and Grieco, A. (1990). Change in visual function and viewing distance during work with VDTs. Ergonomics, 33(12), 1433-1441.
Gunnarsson, E. and Soderberg I. (1983). Eye strain resulting from VDT work at the Swedish Telecommunications Administration. Applied Ergonomics, 14, 61-69.
Hansen, W. J. and Haas, C. (1988). Reading and writing with computers: a framework for explaining difference in performance. Communications of the ACM, 31, 1080-1089.
Harwood, K. and Foley, P. (1987). Temporal resolution: an insight into the video display terminal (VDT) problem. Human Factor, 29, 447-452.
Helander, M. G. and Rupp, B. A. (1984). An overview of standards and guidelines for visual display terminals. Applied Ergonomics, 15, 185-195.
Heuer, H., Hollendiek, G., Kröger, H. and Römer, T. (1989). Die Ruhelage der Augen und ihr Einfluß auf Beobachtungsabatand und visuelle Ermüdung bei Bildschirmarbeit. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte psychologie, 36, 538-566.
Horie, Y. (1987). A study of optimum term of working hours with rest intervals for VDT workers. Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 23 (6), 373-383.
Horikawa, M. (2001). Effect of visual display terminal height on the trapezius muscle hardness: quantitative evaluation by a newly developed muscle hardness meter. Applied Ergonomics, 32 (4), 473-478.
Illuminating Engineering Society (1981). IES lighting handbook (Application vol.). New York.
ISO (1992). ISO 9241-3, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 3: Visual display requirements.
ISO (1998). ISO 9241-5. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements.
Isono, H., Takahashi, S., Takiguchi, Y. and Yamada, C. (2004). Measurement of visual fatigue from reading on electronic paper. IDW'04, 1647-1648.
Jaschinski-Kruza, W. (1988). Visual strain during VDU work: The effect of viewing distance and dark focus. Ergonomics, 31(10), 1449-1465.
Jaschinshi-Kruza, W. (1990). On the preferred viewing distances to screen and document at VDU workplaces. Ergonomics 33, 1055-1063.
Jaschinski-Kruza, W. (1991). Eyestrain in VDU users: viewing distance and the resting position of ocular muscles. Human Factors 33, 69-83.
Jaschinski, W., Heuer, H. and Kylian, H. (1998). Preference position of visual displays relative to the eyes: a field study of visual strain and individual differences. Ergonomics, 41 (7), 1034-1049.
Jashinski, W., Heuer, H. and Kylian, H. (1999). A procedure to determine the position of visual display relative to the eyes. Ergonomics, 42 (4), 535-549.
Jeng, S. C., Lin, Y. R., Liao, C. C., Wen, C. H., Chao, C. Y. and Shieh, K. K. (2005). Legibility of Electronic Paper. The 5th International Meeting on Information Display, July 19~23, COEX SEOUL, KOREA.
Jeng, S. C., Lin, Y. R., Liao, C. C., Wen, C. H., Wei, C. S. and Zan, H. W. (2004). Human factors guidelines for paper-like displays. IDW'04, 1529-1530.
Jeng, S. C. et al. (2005). Lightness and Contrast Requirements for Paper like Displays IDMC'05, 787-789.
Kavoossi, Babak (2001). Printed micro systems on paper active imaging and visual information on paper and paper-based products. Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Media Technology, from Web site: http://www.tekes.fi/julkaisut/Active_imaging.pdf
Klein, A. (2000). E Ink writes its future on e-paper. The Wall Street Journal.
Kolin i-library. 2005, Web site: http://i-library.kolin.com.tw
Kroemer, K. H. E. and Hill, S. G. (1986). Preferred Line of Sight Angle. Ergonomics, 29, 1129-1134.
Laubli, Th., Hunting, W. and Grandjean, E. (1982). Visual impairments in VDU operators related to environmental conditions. In: Grandjean, E., Vigliani, E. (Eds.), Ergonomics Aspects of Visual Display Terminals. Taylor & Francis, London.
Legge, G. E., Pelli, D. G., Rubin, G. S., and Schleske, M. M. (1985). Psychophysics of reading-I. Normal vision. Vision Research, 25, 239-252.
Lessin, J. (1992). TFT acting up a storm onscreen. Computer Technology Review, 12 (4), 6-30.
Lunn, R. and Banks, W. P. (1986). Visual Fatigue and Spatial Frequency Adaptation to Video Displays of Text. Human Factors, 28 (4), 457-464.
MacKenzie, I. S. and Riddersma, S. (1994). Effects of output display and control-display gain on human performance in interactive systems. Behaviour and Information Technology, 13, 328-337.
Marek, T. and Noworol, C. (1987). Bi-point flicker research and self-ratings of mental and visual fatigue of VDT operators. In: Asfour, S. S. (Ed.), Trends in Ergonomics / Human Factors IV, Elsevier, North-Holland, 163-168.
Megaw, T. (1990). The definition and measurement of visual fatigue. In: Wilson, J. R. and Corlett, E. N. (Eds.), Evaluation of human work, Taylor & Francis, London, 682-702.
Menozzi, M., Napflin, U. and Krueger, H. (1999). CRT versus LCD: A pilot study on visual performance and suitability of two display technologies for use in office work. Displays, 20 (1), 3-10.
Mills, C. B. and Weldon, L. J. (1987). Reading text from computer screens. ACM Computing Surveys, 19, 329-358.
Misawa, T., Yoshida, K. and Shigeta, S. (1984). An experimental study of the duration of a single spell of work on VDT performance. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health, 26 (4), 269-302.
Mon-Williams, M., Plooy, A., Burgess-Limerick, R. and Wann, J. (1998). Gaze angle: A Possible Mechanism of Visual Stress in Virtual Reality Headsets. Ergonomics, 41, 280-285.
Mon-Willams, M., Burgess-Limerick, R., Plooy, A. and Wann, J. (1999). Vertical gaze direction and postural adjustment: an extension of the Heuer model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5, 35-53.
Mourant, R. R., Lakshmanan, R. and Chantadisai, R. (1981). Visual fatigue and cathode ray tube display terminals. Human Factors, 23 (5), 529-540.
National Research Council (1983). Video Display, Work and Vision. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Nishiyama, K. (1990). Ergonomic aspect of the health and safety of VDT work in Japan: a review. Ergonomics, 33, 659-685.
Omodani, M. (1999). Concept of Digital Paper and its Technology Trend, Journal of the Image Society of Japan, 38 (2), 115-121.
Omodani, M. (2004). What is Electronic Paper? The Expectations. SID’04 Digest, 128-131.
Ostberg, O. (1980). Accommodation and visual fatigue in display word. In: Grandjean, E. and Vigliani, E. (Eds.), Ergonomic aspects of visual display terminals, Taylor and Francis, London. 41-52.
Pastoor, S. (1990). Legibility and subjective preference for color combinations in text. Human Factor, 32 (2), 157-171.
Post, D. L. and Reinhart, W. F. (1997). Image quality of two-primary color active-matrix liquid-crystal displays. Human Factors, 39 (4), 618-641.
Rahman, T. & Muter, P. (1999). Design an interface to optimize reading with small display windows. Human Factors, 41, 106-117.
Saito, S., Taptagaporn, S. and Salvendy, G. (1993a). Visual comfort in using different VDT screens. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 5 (4), 313-323.
Saito, S., Sotoyama, M., Taptagaporn, S., Suzuki, T. and Saito S. (1993b). Characteristics of vertical eye movements in the workstation used Flat Panel Display (FPD). In: M. J. Smith and G. Salvendy (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction: Applications and Case Studies, Elsevier, Amsterdsm, 756-761.
Sanders, M. S. and McCormick E. J. (1992). Human Factors in Engineering and Design. McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
Satoru, K. (1997). Ergonomic comparison of liquid crystal display and cathode ray tube display. Display and Imaging, 5 (3), 181-190.
Shieh, K. K. and Chen, M. T. (1997). Effects of screen color combination, work-break schedule, and workplace on VDT viewing angle. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 20, 11-18.
Shieh, K. K. (2000). Effects of reflection and polarity on LCD viewing distance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25, 275-282.
Shieh, K. K. and Lin, C. C. (2000). Effects of screen type, ambient illumination, and color combination on VDT visual performance and subjective preference, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26, 527-536.
Shurtleff, D. (1967). Studies in television legibility: A review of the literature. Information Display, 4, 40-45.
Sinclair, M. A. (1990). Subjective assessment. In: Wilson, J. R. and Corlett, E. N. (Eds.), Evaluation of human work, Taylor & Francis, London, 58-88.
Smith, M. J., Cohen B. G. F. and Stammerjohn, L. W. (1981). An investigation of health complaints and job stress in video display operators. Human Factors, 23 (4), 387-400.
Snyder, H. L. and Maddox, M. E. (1978). Information transfer from computer-generated dotmatrix displays (Report No HFL-78-3). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of IEOR.
Snyder, H. and Taylor, G. (1979). The sensitivity of response measures of alphanumeric legibility to variations in dot matrix display parameters. Human Factors, 21, 457-471。
Sommerich, C. M., Joines, S. M. B. and Psihogios, J. P. (2001). Effects of computer monitor viewing angle and related factors on strain performance, and preference outcomes. Human Factors, 43 (1), 39-55.
Sony LIBRIé. 2005,
Web site: http://www.sony.jp/products/Consumer/LIBRIE/
Stammerjohn, L. W., Smith, M. J. and Cohen, B. G. F. (1981). Evaluation of work station design factors in VDT operations. Human Factors 23, 401-412.
Swedish ISO Proposal. Requirements in visual information processing－Image quality of cathode ray tube (CRT) based visual display units for text presentation in office environments. Stockholm: Standardiserings-kommissionen, 1982.
Turville, K. L., Psihogios, J. P., Uimer, T. R. and Mirka, G. A. (1998). The effects of video display terminal height on the operator: a comparison of the 15° and 40° recommendations. Applied Ergonomics, 29 (4), 239-246.
Warner, T. (1993). LCD panels: Crystallizing screen displays. Macworld, 10 (1), 107-108.
Weber, A., Jermini, C. and Grandjean, E. P. (1975). Relationship between objective and subjective assessment of experimentally induced fatigue. Ergonomics, 18, 151-156.
Weston, H. C. (1949). Sight, light, and efficiency. Lewis, London.
Wilkinson, R. T. and Robinshaw, H. M. (1987). Proof reading: VDU and paper text compared for speed, accuracy and fatigue, Behaviour and Information Technology, 6 (2), 125-133.
Xu, W. and Zhu, Z. (1990). The effects of ambient illumination and target luminance on colour coding in a CRT display. Ergonomics, 33, 933-944.
Yoshitake, H. (1975). Relation between the symptoms and the feelings of fatigue. In: Hashimoto, K., Kogi, K. and Grandjean, E. (Eds.), Methodology in Human Fatigue Assessment, Taylor & Francis, London, 175-186.
Zhu, Z. and Wu, J. (1990). On the standardization of VDT's proper and optimal contrast range. Ergonomics, 33, 925-932.