參考文獻
一、中文部份
內政部社會司（2005）。台閩地區老人狀況調查摘要分析。台北：內政部社會司。
王麗萍（2004）。嘉義縣高齡者的學習需求之調查研究-以老人日間照顧中心為例。 國立中正大學高齡者教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義。
朱芬郁（2004)。社區大學高齡學習型態的現況與省思。中華民國社區教育學會 2004年「兩岸社區大學經營理念與實務研討會」會議手冊論文集，63－81。
交通部（2007）。台灣地區民眾使用網際網路狀況調查。台北：交通部。2008/6/10取自http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas04/bc3/a268.htm
李金銓（1998）。大眾傳播理論。台北：三民。
李美華等譯（1998）。社會科學研究方法。譯自Babbie, E.(1998). The practice of social research。台北：時英。
李慧敏（2001)。台灣電視節目製作作業成功的關鍵因素。台北大學企管所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
林進益（2006）。解讀雜誌廣告中的老人迷思。中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論 文，未出版，高雄。
林國賓（2005年8月11日）：芬蘭老師傅。工商時報，第6版。
林子傑、張文山（2006）。數位電視高齡者互動學習選單之研究。發表於台灣教育傳播與科技學會2005年「教育資訊傳播與科技國際學術研討會」。基隆海洋大學。
林麗惠（2006)。台灣高齡習者成功老化之研究。人口學刊，33，133-170。邱天助（2007）。社會老年學。台北：基礎文化。
袁世佩譯（1999）。卓皮那斯的文化報告。譯自Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture。台北：麥格羅希爾。
吳翠珍（1995)。國內自製兒童電視節目內容呈現方式與學習效果研究報告。台 北：電視文化研究委員會。
周怜利譯（2000）。Erikson老年研究報告。譯自Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M., & Kinvick, H. Q. (1986). Vital involvement in an old age。台北：張老師文化。
胡幼慧（1996）。質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性主義研究實例。台北:巨流。
高世威（2000）。電視戲劇節目製播流程之品質管制探討。政大廣電系碩士論文。
國民所得統計摘要（2007）：中華民國統計資訊網。2007年10月1日取自http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=15060&ctNode=3565
張堯（2006)。從「落葉歸根」到「落地生根」-鹿特丹華人福利促進會成立十年專刊。鹿特丹：華人福利促進會出版。
張寒梅（2007）。國內幼兒節目產製策略與商品效益初探。世新大學傳管系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
張慧芝譯（2002)。人類發展-成人心理學。譯自Diane E. Papalia & Sally Wendkos Olds (2001). Human Development。台北：桂冠。
黃涵貞（1995)。高齡者對網頁色彩配色之感覺意象及喜好度研究。銘傳大學碩士論文，未出版，台北。
黃葳威（1999）。文化傳播。台北：正中書局。
黃富順（1992)。成人心理。台北：台北空中大學。
黃富順（2003）。成人發展與適應。國立空中大學。黃富順（2004）。高齡學習。台北：五南。黃錦山（2002）。當代教育哲學的新課題：老人教育哲學之探討及其啟示，教育研究集刊，48(3)，1-33。劉侃譯（2000）。服侍善工。譯自Nordstokk, K.(1999). Diakoni。台北：校園書房。
梅陳玉嬋（2005）。台灣老人社會工作理論與實務。台北：雙葉書廊。
陳譽馨（1995）。老年人生活型態疏離感程度與電視觀賞行為之關聯性研究。文 化大學新聞研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
陳燕禎（2005）。社區老人照顧支持體系及政策探討。社區發展季刊，110，158-175。陳肇男（2003）。臺灣老人休閒生活與生活品質。人口學期刊26，96-136。陳宗鵠，徐南麗，林士堅，何中華：台北市高齡者學習需求特性之探討－以台北 市萬華區老松國小學區社區為例。2008年6月20日取自 www.nlhsu.tcu.edu.tw/95advanced age.pdf
葉乃靜（2002)。資訊與老年人的生活世界：以台北兆如老人安養護中心為例。台灣大學圖書資訊學研究所博士論文，未出版，台北。
劉幼琍（1993）。好節目的認定及電視時段的分配研究報告。台北：電視文化研究委員會。
劉幼琍（1997）。多頻道電視與觀眾。台北：時英。顏妙桂審議（2006）。休閒活動規劃與管理。譯自Edginton , C. R., Hanson, C., Edgiton, S.R. & Hudson, S. D. ( 2002 ). Leisure Programming: a service-centerd and benefits approach。台北：桂魯。
經建會（2008）。中華民國台灣95年到140年人口推計簡報。2008年4月11日取自www.cepd.gov.tw/dn.aspx?uid=1397
經濟部（2007）。芬蘭投資環境簡介。台北：經濟部投資業務處編印。
財團法人公共電視文化事業基金會（2007）。追求共好-新世紀全球公共廣電服務。台北：財團法人公共電視事業文化基金會。
財團法人公共電視文化事業基金會（1999）。銀髮族收視行為調查。台北：財團 法人公共電視文化事業基金會。
鄭瑞城（1990）。從消息來源途徑詮釋近用媒介權。新聞學研究，45，40-56。蘇國賢、喻維欣（2004）。台灣族群不平等的再探索：語言資本？文化資本？或社會資本？發表於2004年台灣社會學年會「走過台灣：世代、歷史、與社會」 研討會，新竹：國立清華大學。
盧嵐蘭（2005）。媒介消費與閱聽人社會。台北：揚智。鍾起惠（2003）。節目品質與優質電視。台北：廣電基金會。
謝佳宇（2006）。競爭力排名芬蘭連四年稱霸全球。卓越雜誌，262。2008年6月25日取自卓越雜誌網址http://www.ecf.com.tw/OldMg_Detail.php?om_id=138
二、英文部份
Baltes, P. B. and Baltes, M. M. (1990). “Psycological perspective on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation.” pp.1-34 in P. B. Baltes and M. M. Baltes(Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives of behavioral science. Cambridge, England: University Press.
Baringer, D. K., Kundrat, A. L. and Nussbaum, J. F. (2004). Instructional communication and olderadults. In J. F. Nussbaum and J. Coupland(Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research, Mahwah, NJ:Lawerance Erlbaum. pp. 543-562.
Bignell, J. (2005). Big brother, reality TV in the twenty-first centry. London: Macmillan.
Blumenthal, H. (1998). The business of television. NewYork: Watson-Guptill.
Breyer, R. & Moller, P. (1988). Making television program. New York: Waveland Press.
Cattell, R. B. (1965). The Scientific analysis of personality. Baltimore: Penguin.
Cohen, H. (2002). Developing media literacy skills to challenge television’s portrayal of older women. Education Gerontology, 28, 599-620.
Compesi, R. (1990). Small format television production. London: Allyn and Bacon.
Craik, F. I. M., and Salthouse, T. A. (2000). Cognitive function in very old age. In F. I. M. Craik, and T. A. Salthouse, (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Davis, R. H. (1985). Television in the lives of the elderly: Attitudes and opinions. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 29(2), 209-214.
Davis, R. H. and Davis, J. A. (1986). TV’s image of the elderly. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Dijck, B. (1998). Who speaks in Television. Paper presented at “Media Forum: Mass Longevity. A Good Story?” Nov. 20, 1998, Vienna, Austria.
Edwards, P. (2004).Active aging: A policy framework. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.
Eronen, L. (2002). Design of future television. Paper presented in the Human Factors Conference. Nov.15-27, Melbourne, Australia.
Etman, R.M., & Wildman, S. S. (1992). Reconciling economic and non-economic perspectives on media policy: transcending the marketplace of ideas. Journal of Communication, 42(1), 5-18.
Field, K. (1990). Introduction to Television Production. New York: Longman.
Glendnning, F. (1995). Education for older adults: Lifelong learning, empowerment, and social change. In J. F. Nussbaum and J. Coupland(Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research, pp. 467-490. Mahwah, NJ: Lawerance Erlbaum.
Goot , V. D. (2006). Older adult‘s television viewing from a life-span perspective: Past research and future challenge. Communication Yearbook, 30, 431-469
Gunter, B. (1987). Poor reception, misunderstanding and forgetting broadcast news. Hillsdale, New Jersy: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Heuvel, A. (2005). Irritating shocking and intolerable TV program norm value and concern of viewers in the Netherlands, Communication 30, 325-342.
Heather, L. (2005). The relation between television viewing in middle life and the development of Alzheimer’ Disease in a case-control study. Brain and Condition 58(2), 157-165.
Huston, C.A. (1993). Big world, small screen, the role of television in American society. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Johnson, J. & Bytheway, B.(1990). Agism: Concept and definition. Paper presented in the second international conference of the future of adult life. July 4-8, 1990, Leeuwenhorst, the Netherlands.
Jarvis, P. (2001). Learning in later life, an introduction for educators and carers. London: Kogan Page.
Kranendonk, J. (2006). Cultural policy in the Netherlands. Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. Amsterdam :The Hague Boekmanstudies.
Kolbe, L (2008). Portraying Finland, facts and insights. Keuruu, Otava Book Printing Ltd.
Lamdin, L. & Fugate, M. (1997). Elder learning: New frontier in an aging society. AZ: The Oryx Press.
Lawler, P. A. (2003). Teachers as adult learners: a new perspective. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 98, 15-22.
Leininger, M. (1995). Transcultural Nursing: Concepts, Theories, Rsearch & Practices. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psycologist, 41, 3-13.
Levy, B. (2005). Re-vision of older television characters:A stereotype-awareness intervention. Journal of Social Issue, 61(2), 307.
Levy, B. (2005). Watching more TV increases senior’s negative views of aging. Yale University. Retrived on June 10, 2008, from http://publichealth.yale.edu/news/july05/seniorsandtv.html
Livingstone, D. (1999). Exploring the icebergs of adult learning: Finding of the first Canadian survey of informal learning practices. CJSAE 13(2), 49-72.
Mannell, R. (1999). Elder adults, leisure, and wellness. Journal of Leisurability, 26 Number 2 Spring. Retrived on June 10, 2008, from http://adp.lin.ca/resource//html/Vol26/V26N2A1.htm
McClusky, H. Y. (1974). Education for aging: The scope of the field and perspectives for the future. In Grabowski, S. and Mason, W.D. (Eds). Learning for aging.
Washington, D.C.: Adult Education Association of the USA.
McQuail, D. (1992). Media performance, (2nd ed.) London: Sage.
McQuail, D. (1992). Television and the public Interest, 99. London: Sage.
Moody, H. R. (1988). Abundance of life: Human development policies for an aging society. New York: Columbia University Press.
Natali, D. (2004). The pension system The Netherlands. Research project supported by Service public fédéral Sécurité sociale, Belgium.
Noord, P. (1997). Finland reforming the pension system. The OECD Observer. 208, 34. Oftestad, A. B. (1999). How to build a Diaconal church. Trykk: F.J. Stenersen A.S.
Pecchioni, L., Ota, H. & Sparks, L. (2004). “Cultural issues in communication and aging.” pp.167-207 in Nussbaum, J. and Coupland, J. (Eds.) Handbook of Communcation and Research. Mahwah, New Jersy: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Perloff, R. M. and Julia Krevans (1987). Tracking the psychosocial predictors of older individuals’ television uses. The Journal of Psychology, 121(4), 365-372.
Peter, W. (2005). Mediaonderzoek: Kijkcijferonderzoek. Carat,the Netherlands
Piekkola, H. (2005). Active aging panel country report WP6, Finland. Norway: ETLA The Research Institute of The Finnish Economy.
Puustinen, L.(2004). The most desirable target group, an analysis of the construction of gender and age in advertising business. Paper presented in the Crossroads in Cultural Studies Conference. June 25-28, 2004, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.
RNTC (Radio Netherlands Training Center) (2005). Age into focus: A television toolkit. Hilversum, The Netherlands.
Resch, M. (2005). Only in Holland, only the Dutch. Amsterdam: Rozenberg.
Rossum, C. (2000). Socioeconomic stutas and mortality in Dutch elderly people, The Rotterdam study. European Journal of Public Health, 10(4).
Rowe, J. W. and Kahn, R.L.(1997). The structure of successful aging.In Rowe, J. W. and Kahn, R. L.(eds), Successful Aging, 36-52. N. Y.: Dell Publishing.
Schaie, K. W. (1990). The Optimization of cognitive functioning in old age: Predictions based on cohort-sequential and longitudinal data. In Baltes, P. B. and Baltes, M. M. (Eds.), Successful Aging: Perspectives of behavioral Science, 94-117. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stephens, N. and Robert A. W. (1983/1984). Advertising frequency requirement for older adults., Journal of Advertising Research, 23(December/r/January), 23-32.
Swayne, L. E.and Greco, A. J. (1987). The portrayal of older American in television commercial. Journal of Advertising, 16 (1), 47.
Sterdyniak, H. (2007). Active aging strategies to strengthen social inclusion.synthesis report. Peer Review and Assessment in Social Inclusion 22-23. Paris: European Commision.
Tammisto, M. (1996). Mummon Kammari-grannie’s corner.Tampere: The Lutheran Parishes.
Toivonen, T. (2003). Polarization in time use? Socio-demographic background of the increase in television watching in Finland, Economic Sociology Department of Marketing, Turku School of Economics. Paper prsented in IATUR Conference in Brussel. 17-19.9.2003.
Tupper, M. (1995). The representation of elderly persons in prime time television advertising, University of South Florida School of Mass Communication, unpublished master thesis, U.S.A.
Vakimo, S. (2001). Paljon kokeva, vähän näkyvä. Tutkimus vanhaa naista koskevista kulttuurisista käsityksistä ja vanhan naisen elämänkäytännöistä. Helsinki: SKS.
Vane, E. (1994). Programming for the radio and cable. London: Focal Press
Wurtzel A.(1989). Television production. New York: McGrawHill.
YLE (2007). YLE Annual Report 2006.Helsinki:Yleisradio Oy.
Zettl, H. (1984). Production handbook. California: Wordsworth Publishing Company, New York. U.S.A.