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題名:社會網絡對於心理契約認知形塑與知覺落差之影響分析
作者:吳鍇
作者(外文):Kai Wu
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理所
指導教授:艾昌瑞
連雅慧
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:社會影響社會網絡心理契約social influencesocial networkpsychological contract
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「心理契約」理論脈絡為「社會交換」思想的承襲與延伸,而社會交換行為即是社會建構的過程,交換個體的認知與理解能力會受到社會環境的限制與拘束而影響了交換理性;但過去「心理契約」的研究大多數的研究將組織成員視為獨立的個體,過分強調自利性的理性與個體的能動性,將交換過程的理性認知與行為視為個別的獨立事件,忽略了群體規範與價值等因素對於個人理性認知的影響;個體鑲嵌於各種人際網絡之中,個人的行為與認知不僅會受到個人特質及過往經驗所左右,透過群體互動亦會受到社會脈絡的限制與影響;然「心理契約」的相關文獻,卻未能將「社會網絡」對於「心理契約」認知形塑與改變歷程之影響做完整的論述與說明,致使相關研究之周延性略顯缺憾。
根據上述,本研究藉由「社會網絡」之觀點探討「心理契約」相關研究之不足,以「社會比較」與「社會資訊流程」所產生的社會濡染效果,探究新進人員「心理契約」認知的建構是否與「社會網絡」結構具有程度上的相關,再輔以質性與量性之研究相互驗證而獲得各項研究發現,以提供「心理契約」相關研究多重面向的觀點,豐富相關研究文獻的廣度。
研究結果顯示社會網絡對於心理契約認知的生成與後續知覺落差確實具有顯著的影響效果;其中工具性網絡對於心理契約認知生成的影響效果大於情感性網絡;而情感性網絡對於心理契約後續知覺落差的影響效果則大於工具性網絡。其次,多元異質的工具性資訊的獲得可有效降低心理契約知覺落差的產生。但同質重複的工具資訊獲得則與心理契約知覺落差具有正向的關聯。
The psychological contract is defined as an individual''s be¬liefs about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between that person and another party. Psychological contract formation is a cognitive formation process that takes place when individuals enter an organization during the organizational socialization process. Psychological contract cognitive formation is seen as a sensemaking process through which newcomers come to understand and interpret their new environment.
Prior researches ignored social interaction to attribute psychological contract formation to individual actors in isolation. However, social network theory on social contagion and diffusion provides fertile ground on which to understand the individual cognition formed by the social setting, especially in the psychological contract area. The network models may help explain the social cognitive formation process, the network context that provides individuals with information and situation for creating their psychological contract cognition.
This study conducted a longitudinal investigation of influence of social networks and the role of social references in spreading psychological contract cognitive formation. Network analysis techniques were used to test the impact of psychological contract cognition and perceived breach matrices with instrumental and expressive relational matrices depicting patterns of interaction. The majority of the findings show that the individuals with whom a person interacts directly in the instrumental network influence perceptions about psychological contract formation. Individuals with whom a person interacts cohesively in both networks influence perceptions about perceived breach and more affected by expressive network.
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