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題名:多國籍廠商之海外市場進入決策及技術移轉分析
作者:鍾美芳
作者(外文):Mei-Fang Chung
校院名稱:國立高雄第一科技大學
系所名稱:管理研究所
指導教授:陳和全
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:收購商品差異度進入模式技術移轉合資product differentiationentry modetechnology transferacquisitionjoint venture
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文主要目的為探究多國籍廠商海外進入決策之選擇,由兩篇經由賽局理論推導最適進入模式,進而決定其技術移轉及產出之文章組成。
第一篇文章旨在探究多國籍企業海外進入模式如何受商品差異程度影響。文中指出國外直接投資(FDI)可經由直接進入或收購模式完成,而此模式之選擇受商品差異程度影響。經由賽局理論模型推導發現,當多國籍廠商與地主國廠商之商品差異程度愈低時,將偏好採收購模式進入,反之,若外商與地主國廠商之商品差異程度愈大,直接進入將較收購模式有利。然而,外商無論採收購或直接進入方式進入時,對技術移轉量與地主國福利而言,在多數狀況下均較為不利。
第二篇文章探究國際合資議題。本文旨在經由賽局理論模型,推導外商在不同地主國環境下之最適持股比率。多數文章指出在開發中國家由於地主國政府法令所限,合資將是進入海外市場之最佳方式,先前文獻亦指出若外商持股愈低,技術移轉意願也隨之降低,而本文卻獲致相反結果,即當外商持股愈低時,來自高持股合資夥伴的競爭較低,因而將使外商提高其技術移轉意願。在技術移轉效率愈高且地主國市場競爭愈激烈、或技術外溢愈低的環境下,外商將偏好釋出較多股份予地主國合資夥伴,並移轉較多技術移轉量。
The purpose of this study is to explore the choice of market entry strategy for an individual multinational enterprise. It is accomplished through two essays. The first essay shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) can take place either through the direct entry mode or the acquisition. The choice of which mode is clearly affected by the degree of product differentiation. Foreign firms with less differentiated products tend to prefer acquisition mode of entry, while those with higher differentiated products tend to prefer direct-entry mode. The entry mode that foreign firms prefer generally causes them to engender less technology transfer and provide less welfare to the host country.
The second essay touches the international joint ventures topic. In previous studies, less technology transfer results from lower shareholding in a foreign firm. The opposite result is solved by considering the host joint venture partner competition. Less competition from the joint-venture partner makes foreign firms increase their incentive for technology transfer when a foreign firm holds lower shares. Under the host market of higher technology transfer efficiency and market competition, or lower technology transfer spillover, we show that foreign firms prefer releasing shares and transferring higher technology level.
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