:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:探討艾默生、梭羅、惠特曼等詩人筆下的自然、靈性、民主等議題,及其僞似佛學的理論
作者:金大衛 引用關係
作者(外文):David John Patrick Gordon
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:英語學系
指導教授:陳靖奇 博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:僞似佛學的理論艾默生梭羅惠特曼自然靈性民主Pseudo Buddhist TheologyEmersonThoreauWhitmanNatureSoulDemocracy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:511
長久以來,超越主義運用沉思、浸淫於大自然等方法,試圖找尋上帝;導致許多文學批評家以為,超越主義運動與東方哲學有關,特別是印度教與佛教哲學。愛默森、梭羅與惠特曼的作品明顯呈現出這種氛圍,也不斷出現定義此列作家擁有佛教特質的論述主題。本研究旨在推翻此一主張,並證明超越主義作家的形上學思想,更趨近於基督宗教的世界觀。但這些作家採取的立場對基督宗教的世界觀有所修改,將自然、個人、與人類直覺做為他們的神學系統中心。本文關注的焦點為對實體世界、自我、與靈魂的觀點,以及超越主義與佛教信仰對個人與自己所居世界之互動的描述中,民主的概念如何自我顯現。本研究的結論:不論愛默森、梭羅或惠特曼,都無法呈現出佛教基本信仰。雖然愛默森、梭羅與惠特曼相信輪迴的存在、並試圖將科學與靈修融合成一整套理論,他們也仍相信永恆的靈魂與現實二元觀。惠特曼較趨近於佛教的主張,也就是現實非二元、並且現實是由互連的現象複合組成。但是惠特曼的模糊不明觀點,令人無法明確指出其思想與佛教主張的相同點。除此之外,惠特曼相信轉世理論。這個理論導向完美的境界,其所描述的現實帶有設計與意圖之成份,與創造者的概念較為類似。因此,惠特曼與愛默森及盧梭相同,應視為基督宗教的改革者。
The transcendental quest of attempting to locate God through contemplation and emersion in nature has led many critics over the years to link the movement with Eastern philosophies; particularly Hinduism and Buddhism. This has been very apparent with writers such as Emerson, Thoreau and Whitman, and a reoccurring theme has been to identify these writers as possessing Buddhist characteristics. The aim of this study was to disprove such claims, and show that the metaphysics of the transcendental writers more resembled a Christian view of the world; albeit a revised stance in which nature, the individual and man’s intuition sat at the center of their theology. The areas of focus were the perceptions of the physical world, the self and the soul and how notions of democracy manifested themselves in both transcendentalist and Buddhist beliefs on how individuals interact with the worlds they inhabit. The results of this study concluded that Emerson, Thoreau and Whitman all failed to exhibit fundamental Buddhist beliefs. Although Emerson and Thoreau believed in reincarnation and attempted a fusion of science and spirituality into one overall theory, they still clung to a belief in a permanent soul and a dualistic vision of reality. Whitman came closer to the Buddhist approach of non-dualism and a reality consisting of compounded interdependent phenomena; however, his ambiguity and vagueness prevented any conclusive similarities from being identified. Moreover, his belief in a theory of transmigration that led toward perfection and an element of design and intent within reality more resembled the notion of a creator, and led to the conclusion that like Emerson and Thoreau, he is best viewed as a Christian reformer.
Abbott, P. “Henry David Thoreau, the State of Nature, and the Redemption of Liberalism.”
Journal of Politics 47 (1985): 182-208.
Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms 6th Ed. Orlando: Harcourt, 1993.
Ahern, A. “Preservation by ‘Letting Go’: Buddhist Impermanence (Anicca) in Ruether’s
Ecotheology.” Journal of Religion, Nature & the Environment 11.2 (June 2006): 212-232.
Anderson, Charles R. “The Magic Circle of Walden.” American Literature 41.2 (May1969):
285-287.
Anguttara-nikaya. Ed. Devamitta Thera. Columbo, 1929 and PTS edition.
Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. NY: Viking, 1963.
Bakhtin, M. “Discourse in the novel.” The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, Trans.
Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquisr. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.
Balzac, Honoré de. La comédie humaine. Ed. Pierre-Georges Castex et al. 12 vols.
Editions de la Pléiade. Paris: Gallimard, 1975-1980.
---. Seraphita, Louis Lambert, and the Exiles. Trans. Clara Bell. London: Dedalus Ltd, 1995.
Barber, B. R. “More Democracy More Revolution.” Nation 267.13 (10/26/1998): 11-15.
Batchelor, S. The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture.
London: Aquarian, 1994: 242–243.
Beaver, J. Walt Whitman – Poet of Science. NY: King’s Crown Press, 1951.
Bell, J. Speaker and Unspeakable in Quantum Physics. Cambridge: CUP, 1993.
Bellah, Robert N., Madsen Richard, Sullivan, William M, Swilder, Ann and Tipton, Steven M.
Habits of Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life. ed. Robert N. Bellah.
Berkley: University of California Press, 1985.
Bennett, Chester. “Life of Gaudama, a translation from the Burmese book entitled Ma-la-len-
ga-ra Wottoo.” JAOS 3 (1853): 1-104.
Blakewood, E.G. “Nature Mystics and Madmen: Reflections on Thoreau and Walter
Anderson.” Interdisciplinary Humanities 5.21.1 (2004): 195-214.
Bloom, H. Bloom’s Classical Critical Views: Henry David Thoreau. NY: Chelsea House,
2009.
Borges, J.L. “Whitman: Man and Myth.” Critical Enquiry 1.4 (June 1975): 707-718.
Bowers, D. “Democratic vistas.” Literary History of the United States: History, Ed. Robert E.
Spiller et al., 3rd ed., rev. NY: Macmillan, 1963.
Brown, B.E. “Environmental Ethics and Cosmology: A Buddhist Perspective.” Zygon 39.4
(Dec. 2004): 885-900.
Buber, M. I and Thou. NY: Collier Books, 1958.
Buranelli, V. “The Case Against Thoreau.” Ethics 67 (July 1957): 257-68.
Burnouf, Eugene. Introduction to the History of Buddhism. Trans. Katia Buffetrille & Donald
S. Lopez Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Burns C. “‘Soul-less’ Christianity and the Buddhist Empirical Self: Buddhist-Christian
Convergence?” Christian Studies 23 (2003): 87-100.
Burroughs, John Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person. NY: Haskell House. [1867]
1971.
Caldwell, J. “Ten Volumes of Thoreau.” New Englander and Yale Review 55 (November
1890): 404–425.
Callicot, J.B. “The New (Buddhist?) Ecology.” Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and
Culture 2.2 (June 2008): 166-182.
Carpenter, Edward. Days with Walt Whitman. London: George Allen, 1906.
Carpenter, F.I. “Walt Whitman’s Eidolon.” College English 3.6 (March 1942): 534-545.
Cavell, Stanley. Conditions Handsome and Unhandsome: The Constitution of Emersonian
Perfectionism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990
---. The Senses of Walden. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1992.
--- . This New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures After Emerson After Wittgenstein,
Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989.
Chari, V.K. “Whitman in India.” Walt Whitman and the World. Ed. Gay Wilson Allen and Ed
Folsom. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995.
---. Whitman in the Light of Vedantic Mysticism: An Interpretation. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 1964.
Child, Lydia Maria. Th e Progress of Religious Ideas through Successive Ages. NY: C. S.
Francis & Co., 1855.
Christy, Arthur. The Orient in American Transcendentalism: A Study of Emerson, Thoreau,
and Alcott. NY: Columbia UP, 1932.
Clebsch, W.A. American Religious Thought A History. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1973.
Coffman, S. K. Jr. “Form and Meaning in Whitman’s Passage to India.” PMLA 70.3 (June
1955): 337-349.
Cooke, G. “The Dial: An Historical and Biographical Introduction, with a List of the
Contributors.” Journal of Speculative Philosophy 19 (1885): 225–265.
---. “Corrections.” Journal of Speculative Philosophy 19 (1885): 322–323.
“Anonymous Was a Women—Again.” Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 3 (1993): 10–11.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda. Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. NY: Harper, 1964.
Cooper, John W. Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting: Biblical Anthropology and the Monism-
Dualism Debate. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1989.
Corbin, Henry. Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn ‘Arabi.
Princeton: Princeton UP, 1997.
Corrigan, J.M. “The Metemphycotic Mind: Emerson and Consciousness.” Journal of the
History of Ideas 71.3 (July 2010): 433-455.
Cowley, M. “”Song of Myself” and Indian Philosophy.” In A Century of Whitman Criticism.
Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1969. 231-246.
Crowe, C.R. "This Unnatural Union of Phalansteries and Transcendentalists." Journal of the
History of Ideas 20.4 (Oct.- Dec. 1959): 495-502
Cuddon, J.A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin,
1999.
Dalai Lama. A Policy of Kindness: An Anthology of Writings By and About the Dalai Lama.
Compiled and ed. Sidney Piburn. NY: Snow Lion, 1990.
---. Becoming Enlightened. Trans. and ed. Jeffery Hopkins. London: Rider, 2009.
---. Essence of the Heart Sutra: The Dalai Lama’s Essence of Wisdom Teachings. Trans. & Ed.
Geshe Thupten Jinpa. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2002.
---. Kindness, Clarity and Insight. Trans. and ed. Jeffery Hopkins. NY: Snow Lion , 2006.
---. The Many Ways to Enlightenment. Ed. Renuka Singh. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2004.
Dean, S., “Seeds of Quakerism at the Roots of Leaves of Grass.” Walt Whitman Quarterly
Review 16 (1999): 191-201.
---. The Many Ways to Nirvana. London: Hodder & Stroughton, 2004.
Davis, R.L. “Democratic Vistas.” A Companion to Walt Whitman. Ed. Donald
D. Kummings. Oxford: Blackwell,( 2006). 540-552.
Delancy, M. “Texts, Interpretations, and Whitman’s Song of Myself.” American Literature
61.3 (Oct. 1989): 359-381.
Deneen, P.J. “Transcendentalism, Ancient and Modern: Brownson versus Emerson.”
Perspectives on Political Science 37.1 (Winter 2008): 8-16.
Dhammacakkappavattana-sutta ‘Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth’. Mahavagga (of the
Vinaya), Ed. Saddhatissa Thera. Alutgama, 1922.
Donne, John. “Meditations xvii”. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume 1, 3rd
Edition. Ed. M.H. Abrams. NY: Norton, 1997.
Dzogchen Ponlop. Mind Beyond Death. NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2006.
Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse. What Makes You Not a Buddhist. Boston: Shambhala, 2008.
Eiselein, G. “Whitman’s Life and Work, 1819-92.” A Companion to Walt Whitman. Ed.
Donald D. Kummings. Malden: Blackwell Pub. Ltd., 2006. 11-26.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Essays. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University, 2001. A Penn
State Electronic Classics Series Publication. http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/rw-
emerson/essays_rwe.pdf. Feb. 10, 2012.
---. “New England Reformers,” Essays: First and Second Series. NY: Library of America,
1990, 361–79.
---. Essays and Lectures: Nature: Addresses and Lectures/Essays: First and Second Series/
Representative Men/English Traits/The Conduct of Life. NY: The Library of America,
1995.
---. Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Emerson, E.W., and Forbes,W.E. Boston and
NY, 1914.
---. Representative Men. NY: Random House, 2004.
---. Selected Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. NY: Signet, 2003.
---. Selections from Ralph Waldo Emerson: An Organic Anthology. Ed. Stephen E.
Whicher. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1957.
---. The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Alfred Riggs Ferguson and Jean
Ferguson Carr. Cambridge: Harvard UP, Belknap, 1979.
---. The Complete Essays and other Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Brooks
Atkinson (NY, 1940), p. 329.
---. The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. The Centenary Edition, 12 vols. Boston:
Houghton MifHin, 1903-1904, I, 64.
---. The Early Lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 3 vols. Eds. Stephen E. Whicher, Robert E.
Spiller, and Wallace E. Williams. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1959–72.
---. The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 16 vols. Eds.
William H. Gilman and Ralph H. Orth et al. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1960-82.
---. The Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. 3. Ed. Ralph L. Rusk. NY & London:
Columbia UP, 1996.
---. “Thoreau.” Atlantic Monthly 10 (July 1862): 239-249.
---. Uncollected Writings. Ed. Charles C. Bigelow, NY: 1912.
“Emptiness.” Collins Cobuild English Dictionary. Ed. John sonclair. London: Harper Collins,
2000.
Endy, Jr, M.B. William Penn and Early Quakerism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1973.
Eulau, H. “Wayside Challenger: Some Remarks on the Politics of Henry David Thoreau.” In
Thoreau: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Sherman Paul. Englewood Cliffs NJ:
Prentice-Hall, 1962.
Frank, J. “Aesthetic Democracy: Walt Whitman and the Poetry of the People.” The Review of
Politics 69 (2007): 402-430.
Foerster, Norman. “Whitman as a Poet of Nature.” PMLA 31:4 (1916), 736-758.
Fox, G. The Journal of George Fox. Ed. John L. Nickalls. Cambridge: CUP, 1952.
Fox, R.W. “Jefferson, Emerson and Jesus.” Raritan 22.2 (Fall 2002): 62-75.
Geshe Sonam Rinchen. How Karma Works: The Twelve Links of Dependent Arising. NY: Snow
Lion, 2006.
Ghose, L. “Karma and the Possibility of Purification: An Ethical and Psychological Analysis of
Doctrine of Karma in Buddhism.” Journal of Religious Ethics 35.2 (June 2007): 259-289.
Gibson, M. Among Buddhas in Japan. NY: White Pine Press, 1988.
Goldberg, E. “Buddhism in the West: Transplantation and Innovation.” In Buddhism in World Cultures: A Comparative Perspective. Ed. Stephen C. Berkwitz. Santa Barbara: ABC-
CLIO, 2006.
Goodman, Russell B. “East-West Philosophy in Nineteenth-Century America: Emerson
and Hinduism.” JHI 51 (1990): 625-645.
Gougeon, Len. Virtue’s Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform. Athens: University of
Georgia Press, 1990.
Greenspan, Ezra (1995). The Poetics of “Participle-Loving Whitman.” In Ezra Greenspan
(ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Walt Whitman. Cambridge, UK: CUP, 1995.
Grossman, A. “The Poetics of Union in Whitman and Lincoln: An Inquiry toward the Relationship
of Art and Policy.” in The American Renaissance Reconsidered. Ed. Walter Benn Michaels and
Donald E. Pease, Selected Papers from the English Institute. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
UP, 1985.
Gura, Philip F. American Transcendentalism: A History. NY: Hill and Wang, 2007.
Hakutani, Yoshinobi. “Private Voice and Buddhist Enlightenment in Alice Walker’s The
Color Purple.” In Postmodernity and Cross-Culturism. Ed. Yoshinobi Hakutani. Fairleigh
Dickenson UP, 2002.
Harding, W. & Meyer, M. The New Thoreau Handbook. NY: NYUP, 1980.
Hardy, R.S. Manual of Buddhism 1853. Montana: Kessinger, 2003.
Herbert, N. Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics. Garden City, N.J.: Anchor Press,
Doubleday, 1985.
Haskins, D.G. Ralph Waldo Emerson: His Maternal Ancestors, with Some Reminiscences of
Him. London: Kennikat Press, 1971.
Hawthorne, N. Mosses from an Old Manse. Ed. William Charvat, Roy Harvey Pearce, and
Claude M. Gibson. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1974.
Howe, Irving. The American Newness: Culture and Politics in the Age of Emerson.
Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1986.
Jenco, L.K. “Thoreau’s Critique of Democracy.” The Review of Politics 65.3 (Summer 2003):
355-81.
Kamath, Dr. M. V. The United States and India 1776-1976. Washington, D. C.: The
Embassy of India, 1976.
Kateb, George “Aestheticism and Morality Their Cooperation and Hostility.” Patriotism and
Other Mistakes. New Haven: Yale UP, 2006, 117–49.
Kepner, Dianne. “From Spears to Leaves: Walt Whitman’s Theory of Nature in Song of
Myself.” American Literature 51.2 (May 1979): 179-204.
Khenchen Thrangu Rinpuche. The Twelve Links of Interdependent Origination. Aukland:
Namo Buddha & Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal, 2001.
Kruse, F.E. “Pierce, God and the Transcendentalist Virus.” Transactions of the Charles S.
Pierce Society 46.3 (Summer 2010): 386-400.
Kuebrich, D., Minor Prophecy: Walt Whitman’s New American Religion. Bloomington:
Indiana UP, 1989.
---. “Religion and the Poet Profit.” A Companion to Walt Whitman. Ed. Donald D.
Kummings. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006, 197-215.
Kumar, S. “The Gita and Walt Whitman’s Mysticism.” In Abhai Maurya, ed. India and
World Literature. New Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1990.
Lake, P.S. “Kant’s Transcendental Idealism.” The Edinburgh Encyclopedia of Continental
Philosophy. Ed. Simon Glendinning. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1999. 33-44.
Lama Thubten Yeshe. The Essence of Tibetan Buddhism. Ed. Nicholas Ribush. Taiwan: The
Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, 2001.
Lawson, A. ““Song of Myself” and the Class Struggle in Language.” Textual Practice 18.3
(2004): 377-394.
Leddy, Chuck. “Lives of the Transcendentalists.” Writer 120.10 (Oct. 2007): 43.
Levine, Herbert J. “‘Song of Myself’ as Whitman’s American Bible.” Modern Language
Quarterly 48.2 (June 1987): 145-162.
---. “Union and Disunion in Song of Myself.” American Literature 59.4 (Dec. 1987):
570-589.
Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge, UK: CUP, 1988.
Loomis, C.G. “Henry David Thoreau as Folklorist.” Western Folklore 16.2 (Apr. 1957): 90-
106.
Lopez, D. S. The Heart Sutra Explained. NY: State University of NY Press, 1988.
---. Elaborations on Emptiness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1996.
Lopez, Michael. Emerson and Power: Creative Antagonism in the Nineteenth Century.
DeKalb: Northern Illinois UP, 1996.
--- . “The Conduct of Life: Emerson’s Anatomy of Power.” In The Cambridge Companion to
Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed. Joel Porte and Saundra Morris. Cambridge: CUP, 1999: 243–
66.
Loving, Jerome, Emerson, Whitman, and the American Muse. Chapel Hill: The U of
North Carolina P, 1982.
Lu, Louis Wei-lun. “Emptiness We Live By”: Metaphors and Paradoxes in Buddhism’s
Heart Sutra.” Metaphor and Symbol 22.4 (2007): 331-356
McDonald, J.W. Walt Whitman, Philosopher Poet: Leaves of Grass by Indirection. North
Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2007.
Mack, S.J. “A Theory of Organic Democracy.” A Companion to Walt Whitman. Ed. Donald
D. Kummings. Oxford: Blackwell,( 2006). 136-150.
---. The Pragmatic Whitman: Reimagining American Democracy. Iowa City: University of
Iowa Press, 2002.
Madison, Charles A. “Henry David Thoreau: Transcendental Individualist.” Ethics 54 (Jan.
1944): 110:23.
Mahavagga (of the Vinaya), ed. Saddhatissa Thera. Alutgama, 1922.
Majjhima-nikaya (PTS edition)
Makransky, J. “Pure Perception and Equanimity of Heart.” Religion and the Arts 12 (2008):
371-83.
Matthiessen, F.O. American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and
Whitman. NY: OUP, 1941.
Meese, E.A. “Transcendentalism: The Metaphysics of the Theme.” American Literature 47.1
(Mar. 1975): 1-20.
Melin, Anders. “Environmental Philosophy in Christianity and Buddhism: Meeting Places For
a Dialogue.” Ecotheology 11.3 (2006): 357-374.
Mercer, D. “Leaves of Grass and the Bhagavad Gita: A Comparative Study.” Ph.D diss.,
University of California, 1933.
Mermin, D.N. “What is Quantum Mechanics Trying to Tell Us?” American Journal of
Physics 66 (1998): 753-767.
Miller, J.E. Walt Whitman Updated ed. Boston: Twain, 1990.
Miller, Perry. “Emersonian Genius and the American Democracy.” In Nature’s Nation.
Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1967: 163–74.
---. The Transcendentalists. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard UP, 1950.
Melville, H. The Letters of Herman Melville. Ed. Merrell R. Davis and William H. Gilman.
New Haven: Yale UP, 1960.
Miller, James E., Jr. A Critical Guide to Leaves of Grass. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1957.
Moore, J.B. “Thoreau Rejects Emerson.” American Literature 4.3 (Nov 1932): 241-256.
Mueller, R. “A significant Buddhist Translation by Thoreau.” Thoreau Society Bulletin
(Winter 1977): 1–2.
Nagley, Winfield E. “Thoreau on Attachment, Detachment and Non-Attachment.”
Philosophy East and West 3.4 (Jan. 1954): 307-320.
Narada Maha Thera. The Buddha and His Teachings. Singapore: Singapore Buddhist
Meditation Center, 1973.
Nyoshul Khen Rimpoche (Nyoshul Khempo) Rest in Natural Great Peace: Songs of
Experience. London: Rigpa, 1989.
Ober, J. “The Original Meaning of “Democracy”: Capacity to do Things, not Majority Rule.”
Constellations 15.1 (2008):3-9.
Orr, J. “The Transcendentalism of New England.” International Review 13 (October 1882):
381–398.
Patterson, Anita Haya. From Emerson to King: Democracy,Race, and the Politics of Protest.
Oxford: OUP, 1997.
Patrul Rinpoche. The Words of my Perfect Teacher. Trans. Padmakara Translation Group.
Boston: Random House, 1998.
Payne, Daniel. G. “Emerson’s Natural Theology: John Burroughs and the “Church” of
Latter Day Transcendentalism.” ATQ 21.3 (September 2007): 191-205.
Peacock, J. “What They Seek for is in Themselves: Quaker Language and Thought in
Eighteenth – and Nineteenth – Century American Literature.” Quaker Studies 12.2 (2008):
196-215.
Pederson, Poul. “Tibet, Theosophy, and the Psychologization of Buddhism.” Imagining
Tibet: Perceptions, Projections, and Fantasies. Boston: Dodin and Rather, 150–66.
Piez, W. “Anonymous Was a Women—Again.” Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 3 (1993):10-
11.
Peterson, A. “The Philosophy of Niels Bohr.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 19 (Sept.
1963): 6-14.
Priestley, Joseph. A Comparison of the Institutes of Moses with Those of the Hindoos [sic] and
Other Ancient Nations. Northumberland: A. Kennedy, 1799.
Rahula, W. What the Buddha Taught. London: The Gordon Fraser Gallery Ltd., 1978.
Reynolds, D. Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography. NY: Knopf, 1995.
Reynolds, L.J. & Lynch, T.E. “Sense and Transcendence in Emerson, Thoreau and
Whitman.” The South Central Bulletin 39. 4 (Winter, 1979): 148-151.
Richardson, Robert Jr., Emerson: the Mind on Fire. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1995.
Rose, Anne C. Transcendentalism as a Social Movement, 1830-1850. New Haven: Yale
UP, 1981.
Rountree, T.J. “Whitman’s Indirect Expression and its Application to Song of Myself.”
PMLA. 73.5 (Dec. 1958): 549-555.
Rousseau, Jean Jacques. “The Social Contract” In Political Writings. Ed. and trans. Frederick
Watkins. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986.
Rupp, E.G. Religion in England, 1688-1791. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. NY: Vintage Books, 1979.
Sangye Khadro. Awakening a Kind Heart. Singapore: Amitabha Buddhist Centre, 1996.
Sastry, K.S. Whitman’s “Song of Myself” and Advaita: An Essay in Criticism. Delhi: Doaba
House, 1982
Saunders, J.P. “Economic Metaphor Redefined: The Transcendental Capitalist at Walden.”
Modern Critical Interpretations: Henry David Thoreau’s Walden. Ed. Harold Bloom,
NY: Chelsea House, 1987. 59-67.
Schaible, R.M. “Quantum Mechanics and “Song of Myself”: Getting a Grip on Reality.”
Zygon Journal of Religion and Science 38.1 (March 2003): 25-48.
Scott, David. “Rewalking Thoreau and Asia: ‘Light From the East for ‘A Very Yankee Sort
of Oriental.” Philosophy East and West 57.1(Jan 2007): 14-39.
Scheik, W.J. “Death and the Afterlife.” A Companion to Walt Whitman. Ed. Donald D.
Kummings. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006: 325-340.
Schopenhauer, A. The World as Will and Representation: Vol. 2. Trans. E.F.J. Payne. NY:
Dover Publications, 2007.
Seager, R.H. Buddhism in America. NY: Columbia UP, 1999.
Shklar, Judith. “Emerson and the Inhibitions of Democracy.” Political Theory 18.4 (1990):
601-614.
Sievers, J. “Awakening the Inner Light: Elizabeth Ashbridge and the Transformation of
Quaker Community.” Early American Literature 36.2 (2001): 235-262.
Snodgrass, J. Presenting Japanese Buddhism to the West. University of North Carolina Press,
2003.
Sogyal Rinpoche. The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. Ed. Patrick Gaffney & Andrew
Harvey. San Francisco: Harper, 1992.
Stoller, Leo. “Thoreau and the Doctrine of Simplicity.” The New England Quarterly 29.4
(Dec. 1956): 443-461.
Stone, Jacqueline, I. “Realizing this World as the Buddha Land.” In Readings of the Lotus
Sutra. Ed Stephen F. Teiser and Jacqueline I. Stone. NY: Columbia UP, 2009. 210-36.
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Mysticism: Christian and Buddhist. London: Routledge Classics,
2002.
Swedenborg, Emanuel. Heaven and its Wonders and Hell, Drawn from Things Heard &
Seen. 1757. Trans. George Dole. West Chester PA: Swedenborg Foundation, 2000.
---. True Christian Religion. 1771. Trans. John C. Ager. 2 Vols. West Chester PA:
Swedenborg Foundation, 1996.
Tenzin Gyatso. Illuminating the Path to Enlightenment. Trans. Geshe Thupten Jinpa. Ed.
Rebacca McClen Novick, Thupten Jinpa & Nicholas Ribush. Boston: Lama Yeshi
Wisdom Archive, 2002.
The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra, Trans. Buddhist Text Translation Society. Burlingame,
CA USA, 1997.
Thompson, Wade. “The Impractical Thoreau.” College English 19.2 (Nov. 1957): 67-70.
Thoreau, Henry David “A Plea for Captain John Brown.” in Civil Disobedience and Other
Essays NY: Dover, 1993, 31–48.
---. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. Ed. C. Hovde. Princeton: Princeton UP,
1980.
---. Familiar Letters of Henry David Thoreau. Ed. F. Sanborn. Boston: Mifflin Company, 1894.
---. Familiar Letters of Henry David Thoreau. Concord ed. Boston, 1929.
---. The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, 14 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1906; reprinted
1949.
---. The Writings of Thoreau. Boston & NY, 1906, 20 vols.
---. Thoreau: People, Principles and Politics. Ed. Milton Meltzer. NY: Hill and Wang, 1963.
---. Walden. Ed. J. Lyndon Shanley with Introduction by John Updike.
Tolls, F.B. “Emerson and Quakerism.” American Literature 10:2 (May 1938) 142-165.
Turner, Jack. “Emerson, Slavery and Citizenship.” Raritan 28.2 (Fall 2008): 127-146.
Versluis, Arthur. American Transcendentalism and Asian Religions. NY: OUP, 1993.
---. “Thoreau Sauntering Eastward.” in American Transcendentalism and Asian Religions.
NY: OUP, 1993, 79–99.
Von Rautenfeld, H. “Thinking for Thousands: Emerson’s Theory of Political Representation in
the Public Sphere.” American Journal of Political Science 49.1 (Jan. 2005): 184-97.
Weiss, J. The Christian Examiner, July 1865; cited in Hodder, Thoreau’s Ecstatic Witness, p. 16.
West, Cornell. The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
Whicher, Stephen E. Freedom and Fate: An Inner Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. NY: A. S.
Barnes, 1953.
---. Selections From Ralph Waldo Emerson: An Organic Anthology. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1957.
Whitman, Walt. “A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads." Leaves of Grass (Inclusive
Ed.). Ed. Emory Holloway. Garden City, NY, 1924.
---. A Norton Critical Edition: Leaves of Grass. Ed. Sculley Bradley and Harold W. Blodgett.
NY: Norton, 1973.
---. Leaves of Grass: Inclusive (Ed.). Ed. Emory Holloway. NY, 1948.
---. Leaves of Grass: Comprehensive Reader’s Edition. Eds. Harold W. Blodgett and Bradley
Sculley. NY: Norton, 1965.
---. Leaves of Grass (Inclusive Ed.). Ed. Emory Holloway. NY: Pellegrini & Cudahy, 1948.
---. Leaves of Grass and Selected Prose. Ed. John Kouwenhoven. NY: Modern Library, 1950.
---. “I know a rich capitalist.”, In Edward E Grier (ed,). Notebooks and Unpublished Prose
Manuscripts, Vol 1: Family Notes and Autobiography, Brooklyn and New York. NY:
NYUP, 1984, p. 134.
---. Poetry and Prose. Ed. Justin Kaplan. NY: Library of America, 1996.
---. The Complete Poems. Ed. Francis Murphy. Middlesex: Penguin, 1975.
---. The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman. Ed. Richard Maurice Bucke, Thomas
B. Harned, and Horace L. Traubel. NY: Putnam’s Sons, 1902.
---. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass: The First (1855) Edition. Ed. Malcolm Cowley. NY:
Viking Press, 1959.
Worley, S.M. Emerson, Thoreau and the Role of the Cultural Critic. NY: University of New
York Press, 2001.
Yamamoto, Shuichi “Contribution of Buddhism to Environmental Thoughts.” Journal of
Oriental Studies 8 (1998): 144-73.
Young, J. Teach Yourself Christianity. London: Hodder Education, 1996.
Zuber, Devin. “The Buddha of the North: Swedenborg and Transpacific Zen.” Religion
and the Arts 14 (2010): 1-33.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE