歐洲聯盟之政治正當性建構__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	歐洲聯盟之政治正當性建構
作者：	黃英哲
作者(外文)：	Ying-Che Huang
校院名稱：	淡江大學
系所名稱：	歐洲研究所博士班
指導教授：	郭秋慶
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2012
主題關鍵詞：	政治正當性；歐盟民主；績效正當性；歐洲認同；EU’s Political legitimacy；EU democracy；performance legitimacy；European identity
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:157

歐盟的政治疆界在外部地緣與權力範圍不斷地伸展的同時，在價值上卻逐漸裂解為「菁英的歐洲」與「人民的歐洲」兩大板塊，尋根究底歸結的核心即是「政治正當性」（political legitimacy）問題，這個問題不在於歐盟菁英的擅權，而在於權責不明；不在於菁英的強勢，而在於缺乏人民的制衡，歐盟不僅是為各國政府設立的，更重要的是為歐洲人民而存在的。
歐盟政治正當性問題浮出檯面最大的關鍵，在於歐洲整合從「經濟」共同體轉變為「政治」共同體，自從1993年「馬斯垂克條約」生效以來，歐盟體質的轉變讓原本統治與服從的關係進一步弱化，歷次條約改革的腳步明顯跟不上人民信任崩壞的速度；再加上歐盟擴大，短短十年內迅速從十五國擴編為二十七國，尤其是會員國之間經濟結構與區域高度的異質化，政治正當性「問題」日益蔓延成為「危機」。
本論文認為歐盟的政治正當性概念，從規範（normative）與經驗（empirical）取向涵蓋了民主（Democracy）、績效（Performance）與認同（Identity）三大領域，在建構途徑的階段各有長短期程的優先順次。首先，就績效領域而論，無疑是構成歐盟政治正當性的基礎，歐盟必須在政治、經濟與社會各層級持續透過治理績效，來驗證歐盟存在的價值以及歐洲人民支持的理據；其次，在民主領域方面，「里斯本條約」確立了代議制民主為主、參與式與審議式民主為輔的「歐盟式民主」，而會員國國會勢必扮演更重要的角色；歐洲認同的發展是一個長期的過程，勢必在多層級（multi-level）認同的架構下依附民族認同，以「民族認同+歐洲認同」的形式存在。
歐盟是獨具一格（sui generis）的政體，其政策領域與實體疆界仍不斷改變，因此，歐盟政體的性質決定了其政治正當性的建構途徑，以民族國家為主體的正當性模式非但無法全盤移植，這種轉移也未必對歐盟正當性產生助益，但可以確定的是，歐盟的正當性建構勢必難以脫離民族國家發展經驗鑿斧的痕跡。

以文找文

As the political territory of EU expands in terms of geography and power, its value is increasingly torn between “Europe des elites” and “Europe des citoyens”, with the upper class and the lower class wanting different kinds of Europe. The reason that the gap of the two classes is widening is complex, the core issue, however, lies in the political legitimacy. The problem is not the authoritarianism of the elite class but rather the ambiguity and confusion of authority and liability, not the aggressiveness of the elite but rather the lack of check and balance from the people. It is easy to forget that EU is not established for European governments but for all Europeans.
The issue of legitimacy arose when the unification of Europe shifts from an economic body to a political body. With the Maastricht Treaty taking effect in 1993, the change of the EU further weakened its governance and its member’s obedience. Amendments of the Treaty have long been outrun by the deterioration of people’s trust. Rapid enlargement of the EU, from fifteen to twenty-seven within ten years, increased the heterogeneity of economic structure and sharpened the regional differences. Political legitimacy deteriorated from an issue to a crisis.
This dissertation argues that the political legitimacy for the EU had adopted the concepts of the normative and the empirical approach to override those of Democracy, Performance, and Identity, with different sets of priority during the forming phases. First, performance was undoubtedly the foundation of political legitimacy for EU, which had to attest to its own value and to win support from the populace with its performance in political, economic, and social strata. Secondly, the Treaty of Lisbon asserted that the form of EU democracy would primarily be a representative democracy with subordinate participative and deliberative democracy. The national parliaments and their important roles in this democracy are not likely to change structurally in the near future. In the end, the Europe identity must rely on the national identity in a multi-level structure of identity, forming a “national-European” identity.
EU, a sui generis and emerging governing body, is still changing its political and physical territory. The character of the EU body decides the formation of its political legitimacy. The mode of legitimacy for the national countries cannot be transplanted to nor does it benefit the EU legitimacy. What can be ascertained is that the construction of legitimacy for EU must be influenced by the developmental experiences of the national countries.

以文找文

參考文獻

中文書目

一、專書
王泰銓，《歐洲聯盟法總論》。台北：臺灣智庫，2008年。 new window

王展鵬，《跨國民主及其限度：歐盟制憲進程研究》。北京：人民出版社，2010年。
王皓昱，《歐洲合眾國—歐洲政治統合理想之實踐》。台北：揚智，1997年。
江宜樺，《自由主義民族主義與國家認同》。台北：揚智，1998年。 new window

呂亞力，《政治學》。台北：三民，1978年。
岳天明，《政治合法性問題研究：基於多民族國家的政治社會學分析》。北京：中國社會科學，2006年。
周濂，《現代政治的正當性基礎》。北京：三聯：2008年。
施正鋒編，《歐盟的深化與廣化》。台北：前衛，2004年。
吳錫德，《認識新歐洲》。台北：遠流，1990年。
孟樊，《後現代的認同政治》。台北：揚智，2001年。 new window

俞可平編，《治理與善治》。北京：社會科學文獻，2000年。
郭秋永，《當代三大民主理論》。台北：聯經，2001年。 new window

郭秋慶，《歐洲聯盟概論》。台北：五南，1999年。
郭曉東，《重塑價值之維—西方政治合法性理論研究》。上海：華東師範，2007年。
陳思賢，《西洋政治思想史─ 中世紀篇》。台北：五南，2004年。
陳麗娟，《阿姆斯特丹條約解讀》。台北：五南，1999年。
黃瑞祺編，《溝通、批判和實踐：哈伯馬斯八十論集》。台北：允晨文化，2010年。
惠一鳴，《歐洲聯盟發展史》。北京：中國社會科學出版社，2008年。
張生祥，《歐盟的文化政策：多樣性與同質性的地區統一》。北京：中國社會科學，2008年。
談火生，《民主審議與政治合法性》。北京：法律，2007年。
燕繼榮，《政治學十五講》。北京：北京大學，2004年。
薩孟武，《西洋政治思想史》。台北：三民，1998年。

二、期刊論文
王玉葉，「歐洲聯盟之輔助原則」，《歐美研究》，第30卷第2期，2000年，頁1-30。 new window

朱貴昌，「歐盟政體的特點與歐盟合法性問題之爭」，《當代世界社會主義問題》第2期，2008年，頁81-91。
伍慧萍，「歐盟治理中的公共領域與市民社會」，《德國研究》，第23卷第3期，2008年，頁4-10。
李綱信，「歐洲主權債信危機之分析」，《經濟研究》，第11期，2011年，頁231-258。 new window

胡佛，「在經驗與規範之間：合法性理論的二元取向及意義」，《學術月刊》，第12期，1999年，頁77-88。
施正鋒， (2004). 「歐洲聯盟整合後的歐洲認同」，《歐盟的深化與廣化》，台北：前衛，2004年，頁167-192。
高奇琦，「歐盟民主赤字的爭論: 國家主義與多元主義的二元分析」，《世界經濟與政治》，第5期，2010年，頁80-101。
郝宇青，「論合法性理論之流變」，《華東師範大學學報》第39卷第5期，2007年，頁67-74。
徐揮彥，「從歐盟文化政策之發展與實踐論文化權之保障：以文化多樣性為中心」，《歐美研究》，第30卷第4期，2008年，頁 671-751。 new window

許國賢，「商議式民主與民主想像」，《政治科學論叢》，第13期，2000年，頁61-92。 new window

陳炳輝，「試析哈貝馬斯的重建性的合法性理論—兼與胡偉同志商榷」，《政治學研究》，第2期，1998年，頁81-87。
陳俊宏，「永續發展與民主：審議式民主理論初探」，《東吳政治學報》，第9期，1998年，頁85-122。 new window

黃英哲，「歐洲聯盟文化政策與歐洲認同」，《國立歷史博物館學報》，第42期，2010年，頁129-155。 new window

張文貞，「公民複決修憲在當代憲政主義上的意涵」，《臺灣民主季刊》，第3卷第2期，2006年，頁 87-117。 new window

張洋培，「歐盟公民權之發展及對台灣之啟示」，《歐盟全球化：危機或挑戰？》，台北：東吳大學， 2006年，頁187-198。 new window

張磊，「歐洲議會與里斯本條約：動力、變革和挑戰」，《歐洲研究》，第3期，2010年，頁47-70。
盧倩儀，「審議式超國家主義」，《問題與研究》，第43卷第6期，2004年，頁53-71。 new window

鄭春榮，「歐盟委員會與公民社會關係的變遷與反思」，《歐洲研究》，第1期，2009年，頁126-139。
鄭慧，「歐洲深陷主權債務危機的原因及啟示」，《中國金融》，第17期，2011年，頁43-45。
歐陽承新，「歐債問題與歐元前途」，《國際經濟情勢雙週報》，第1708期，2010年，頁 5-19。
藍玉春，「從建構主義探討形塑中的歐洲認同」，《全球政治評論》第25期，2009年，頁81-116。 new window

蘇宏達，「里斯本條約生效後對歐盟對外行動能力與民主治理機制可能的影響」，《政治科學論叢》第40期，2009年，頁81-126。 new window

三、譯作
王浦劬譯，David Easton著，《政治生活的系統分析》。台北：桂冠圖書，1992年。
佟心平等譯，Jean-Marc Coicaud著，《合法性與政治》。北京: 中央編譯，2008年。
李少軍等譯，David Held著，《民主的模式》。台北：桂冠圖書，1995年。
—————，George H. Sabine著，《西方政治思想史》。台北：桂冠圖書，1995年。
李金梅譯， Ernest Gellner 著，《國族與國族主義》。台北：聯經，2001年。
李柏光等譯， Robert A. Dahl 著，《論民主》。台北：聯經，2002年。
吳叡人譯，Benedict Anderson著，《想像的共同體：民族主義的起源與散布》。台北：時報，1991年。
陳思仁等譯，Eric Hobsbawm，《被發明的傳統》。台北：貓頭鷹，2002年。
曹衛東譯，Jurgen Habermas著，《包容他者》。上海：上海人民，2002年。
曹衛東譯，Jurgen Habermas著，《後民族格局》。台北：聯經，2002年。
劉北成譯，Jurgen Habermas著，《合法化危機》。台北：桂冠圖書，1994年。
劉軍寧譯，Samuel P. Huntington著，《第三波：二十世紀末的民主化浪潮》。台北：五南，2008年。

四、論文
黃英哲，《歐洲整合與會員國國會之互動—以法國國會對歐盟立法之監督為例》，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文，1999年。

五、其他
江宜樺，「公共領域中理性溝通的可能性」，《公共知識份子與現代中國國際學術研討會》，上海華東師範大學中國現代思想文化研究所，2007年3月。 new window

孫治本，「哈伯馬斯論國家與公民社會」，《哈伯馬斯研討會》，中央研究院歐美所，2009年10月。 new window

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