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題名:問題解決能力及形成影響因素之研究
作者:禚建茹
作者(外文):Cho, Chien-Ju
校院名稱:國立臺南大學
系所名稱:教育學系教育經營與管理碩博士班
指導教授:丁學勤
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:問題解決能力影響因素problem solvingabilityinfluential factor
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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問題解決能力對個人與組織都是非常重要的,過去研究對此能力缺乏多元面向的探討,也未整理出完整的影響因素,當然對問題解決能力的提升未能提出完整的建議。本研究為彌補過去對問題解決能力研究的不足,由解決問題的過程為基礎,釐清多元面向的問題解決能力,及找出問題解決能力的影響因素,並了解不同層級的個人與群體對問題解決能力能奉獻之處。本研究訪談企業主管、大學教授、家長、國小教師及大四學生五大領域的人,每個領域都訪談四人,共有20位受訪人員。本研究發現:第一,問題解決能力是個人在解決問題的歷程中所需各項能力的組合,共有五大層面,十二個向度,五大層面分別為面對問題的態度、發現問題、執行計畫、檢核結果、預防問題。第二,問題解決能力的影響因素為個人因素,包括人格特質與態度;家庭因素,包括家庭社經地位、家長管教方式、兄弟姊妹多寡與家庭結構;學校因素,包括教師教學方法及參與社團活動;環境因素,包括公司獎勵制度、團隊合作及生活經驗。第三,本研究依據訪談結果,分別對政府部門、社會與媒體、企業雇主、學校單位、教師教學、家長與學生提出提升問題解決能力之具體方法。
Problem solving ability is very important for individuals and organizations. Previous studies for this ability lacked multi-faceted exploration, had not known its complete influential factors, and let alone provide full recommendations to improve this ability. In order to fill the gap of previous studies for problem solving ability, this study used the process of solving problems as a basis to clarify multi-faceted problem solving ability, to discover its influential factors, and to understand what individuals and groups of different levels could contribute. This study interviewed twenty subjects evenly distributed in five main categories: business leaders, college professors, parents, elementary school teachers, and college seniors. This study finds that first; problem solving ability can be conceptualized as the combination of all abilities required in the problem solving process, which can be divided into five major levels and twelve dimensions. Specifically, the five levels are attitude of encountering problems, discovering problems, implementing plans, examining results, and preventing problems. Second, factors that influence problem solving ability have individual factors (personality and attitude), familial factors (socio-economic status, parenting styles, number of siblings, and family structure), school factors (teachers’ teaching styles and participation in clubs), as well as environmental factors (company incentive systems, teamwork, and life experiences). Third, based on the results of the interviews, practical recommendations for enhancing problem solving ability are provided to government, social and media, enterprise employers, school, teachers, parents, and students.
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