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題名：肌酸增補對複合式訓練後之運動能力及血液生化值的影響
作者：王嘉吉 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wang, Chia-Chi
校院名稱：國立體育大學
系所名稱：競技與教練科學研究所
指導教授：詹貴惠
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2015
主題關鍵詞：生長激素；睪固酮；皮質醇；血乳酸；肌酸激酶；活化後增益作用；growth hormone；testosterone；cortisol；blood lactate；creatine kinase；postactivation potentiation
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目的：一、探討短期肌酸增補對單次複合式運動中爆發力及最佳活化後增益作用 (postactivation potentiation, PAP) 時間之影響；二、長期肌酸增補並以個人最佳 PAP 時間進行4週複合式訓練對爆發力、肌力、速度、身體組成、荷爾蒙和肌肉損傷之影響。方法：以32名大學運動員為對象，實驗前先採集血液分析肌酸濃度、並進行身體組成 (體重、體脂率和去脂體重)、最大肌力 (半蹲舉)、爆發力 (下蹲跳高度、動力和相對動力)、衝刺跑 (30公尺) 的運動能力與最佳 PAP 時間測試。之後依下肢最大肌力配對分為肌酸組或安慰劑組，分別進行持續6天增補每天4次、每次5克肌酸 (或甲基纖維素) 與5克葡萄糖，其後每天1次、2克肌酸 (或甲基纖維素) 與2克葡萄糖增補至實驗結束。六天增補後，先進行第二次最佳 PAP 時間測試，之後以個人最佳 PAP 時間進行每週3次、每次6組5 RM 半蹲舉及8次跳躍之複合式訓練，共4週。於第一次與最後一次訓練前、後之不同時間點採集血液分析肌酸、睪固酮、皮質醇、生長激素、肌酸激酶 (creatine kinase, CK)、血乳酸、血糖之活性與濃度，並記錄肌肉酸痛分數 (visual analogue scale, VAS) 及測量身體組成與運動能力。所得資料以混合設計二因子變異數分析兩組6天短期肌酸增補前、後最佳 PAP 測試中各時間點的最佳 PAP 時間、爆發力表現、肌力、訓練前後身體組成與運動能力及實驗前、訓練後血液肌酸之差異。以混合設計三因子變異數分析比較兩組間之4週複合式訓練前、後與不同時間點之血液生化值 (睪固酮、皮質醇、生長激素、CK、血乳酸、血糖) 與 VAS 的差異。結果：肌酸組增補後血液肌酸濃度顯著高於增補前 (p < .05) 與安慰劑組增補後 (p < .05)。短期肌酸增補後，肌酸組的肌力顯著優於增補前 (p < .05)，且個人最佳 PAP 時間顯著優於增補前 (p < .05) 與安慰劑組增補後 (p < .05)，但兩組內和組間的下蹲跳高度、動力和相對動力，皆無顯著差異 (p > .05)。長期肌酸增補與訓練後，肌酸組肌力顯著高於安慰劑組，運動後24、48小時的 CK 值顯著低於安慰劑組 (p < .05)，而兩組訓練後之下蹲跳高度、動力、相對動力、衝刺跑、VAS、體脂率、血糖、睪固酮、皮質醇和生長激素皆顯著優於訓練前，但兩組之間無顯著差異 (p < .05)。結論：短期肌酸增補能改善個人最佳 PAP 時間、最大肌力表現及長期肌酸增補能降低4週複合式訓練後肌肉損傷與增進最大肌力，而以個人最佳 PAP 時間進行4週複合式訓練後可改善運動表現、身體組成及血液生化指標。
Purpose: To investigate: (1) Short-term effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on explosive performance and optimal postactivation potentiation (PAP) time within single bout complex exercise; (2) Long-term effects of creatine supplementation on athletic performance and stress biomarkers after 4 weeks of complex training with optimal individual PAP time. Methods: Thrity two explosive athletes’ blood sample was drawn for plasma creatine before experiment and then received body composition (body mass, body fat, fat free mass), maximum muscle strength (squat), explosive power (height, power, relative power), sprint (30 m) test. After baseline tests, all subjects conducted the first optimal individual PAP time test and then used matched-pair design to assign 32 subjects to Cr or placebo group by lower-body strength. Subjects consumed 5 g Cr or methylcellulose plus 5 g glucose, four times per day for 6 days and then consumed 2 g Cr or methylcellulose plus 2 g glucose until the end of experimental period. After 6 days loading phase, all subjects executed maximal muscle strength test for resistance loading and then executed second optimal individual PAP time test. Complex training with optimal individual PAP time (6 sets, 5 RM squat and 8 jumps, 3 times per week in 4 weeks) were started after second optimal individual PAP time test. The concentrations or activities of blood markers (testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, creatine kinase, blood lactate, blood glucose) and VAS were tested after the first and the last complex training; body composition and athletic performance were been tested after 4 weeks training. A mixed design two way ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the Cr supplement on the optimal individual PAP time, countermovement jump, peak power, plasma creatine and athletic performances. A mixed design three ways ANOVA was used to analyze the stress biomarkers, CK, VAS, lactate, glucose of blood after the first and the last complex training sessions Result: Plasma creatine of Cr group significantly increased than baseline and placebo group (p < .05); 1RM was increased in Cr than pre-supplementation (p < .05); Optimal individual PAP time was greater in Cr than pre-supplementation and placebo (p < .05), After 4 week complex training, 30 m sprint and 1RM were improved in both groups and 1RM was increased in Cr than placebo group and CK was significantly lower in Cr than placebo at 24 and 48 hr (p < .05). No effects were found in explosive performance, body composition, VAS, metabolism and hormone responses between groups (p > .05). Conclusion: Short-term Cr supplementation improved optimal individual PAP time and 1RM. Long-term Cr supplementation improved muscle damage and 1RM but no effect on other athletic performance, metabolism and hormone responses after 4 weeks complex training.
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