台灣蝴蝶蘭產業創新與空間的組織__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	台灣蝴蝶蘭產業創新與空間的組織
作者：	蔡漢生
作者(外文)：	Tsai, Han-Sheng
校院名稱：	國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：	地理學系
指導教授：	吳連賞
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2016
主題關鍵詞：	蝴蝶蘭；創新；群聚；辯證關係；Phalaenopsis；innovation；clustering；dialectical relationship
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:7

台灣的蝴蝶蘭產業是台灣少數具有自主原創力與國際競爭力的產業之一，其發展路徑如同台灣經濟發展的縮影，先從國外汲取和學習先進的知識、技術與經驗，再轉化成自主的創新，其產業結構就由農業轉型為工業化、再加入服務業化，國際競爭力由進口替代轉變為出口導向，其發展動能從資源應用驅動而逐漸轉向效率成本驅動、再轉向創新密集驅動發展。因此，完成不同層面的自主創新而突破層層難關，並在全球化分工中找出競爭優勢的定位，使該產業逐步拉近且超越日本與荷蘭等傳統上生產蝴蝶蘭強國的競爭，從而創造該產業發展的奇蹟，讓台灣蘭農從全球邊陲而走向核心，並贏得「蝴蝶蘭王國」的美譽。
該產業是源自儒家文化之文人雅士愛蘭賞蘭的社會文化傳統，歷經資本主義之經濟動機的催化下，透過技術的創新而進化為創造實質利益的專業栽培，然後再透過新品種、繁殖技術、生產管理、產業分工組織、台灣蘭花生技園區與國際蘭展的發展策略、以及文創化與生技美醫化的轉型等一系列創新，因而建構一項具有強勁國際競爭力的外銷型產業。如今，該產業是一項高度投入技術、人才與創新的產業，而其創新必然使其商業組織、社會組織、產業結構和空間組織產生創造與破壞並存的二股作用力，從而驅動產業空間組織的變化。而本研究為探究該產業生態及其空間組織的變遷，在2013年9月至2015年10月之間針對蝴蝶蘭業者主要分布區域的台南市、嘉義縣市、屏東縣、雲林縣、高雄市、彰化縣和台中市等地區進行三階段的蘭園營運參與觀察與業者訪談，共取得20名受訪者的訪談記錄與相關統計資料，以作為本研究主題的觀察和解釋，從而輔助本文論述的深度。
本研究發現，該產業的一連串創新是由高素質為主的產業社群所實踐，依據「全球視野、在地創新」的發展策略，將台灣定位為全球產業鏈上游的種苗供應基地，然後透過「在地創新、全球連結」的發展策略，使台南市成為全球產業鏈中向內凝聚且向外連結的關鍵節點，並透過路徑依賴的不斷創新而與以台南市為核心的群聚區形成正向循環的辯證關係。這讓台南市持續積累產業資源和再創新，從而成為該產業的群聚中心、生產中心和創新中心，同時逐漸強化該產業在全球產業網絡的定位、競爭力和連結，再與中高緯度國家形成高度互補的國際垂直分工、並與低緯度國家呈現潛在競爭性的國際水平分工。換言之，該產業藉在地各種創新來鞏固全球的產業定位與競爭力，從而發展出「在地創新↹全球連結」與「在地群聚↹全球連結」之正向循環路徑的產業生態系統和產業空間組織。

以文找文

The Phalaenopsis industry is one of the few industries in Taiwan that is independently innovative and internationally competitive. Its development resembles that’s of Taiwan’s economic growth—by first learning from more advanced knowledge, technology, and experience from overseas experts and then transforming it into independent, indigenous innovation. Its industrial structure transitioned from agricultural to industrial and then to more service-related; its international competitiveness changed from import substitution to export-oriented; its development momentum gradually changed from resources application-driven to cost efficiency-driven and finally to intensive innovation-driven. Therefore, upon completing independent innovation on various levels, breakthroughs have been made, and a competitive positioning has been achieved in the global division of labor. As a result, Taiwan has narrowed the gap in the Phalaenopsis industry with other countries that have traditionally been strong in Phalaenopsis production, such as Japan and the Netherlands, and even surpassed them. Taiwan has achieved a miracle of development, not only by enabling Taiwanese Phalaenopsis farmers to move from the periphery toward the core of the global market but also by winning the reputation of being "The Phalaenopsis Kingdom."
The industry originated from the Confucian scholars’ socio-cultural traditions of appreciating orchids. Catalyzed by the economic motives of capitalism, and through technological innovation and evolution, professional cultivation that generates tangible benefits was developed. Subsequently, through innovations in new varieties, breeding technologies, production management, and the industrial division of labor, development strategies such as establishing the “Taiwan Orchid Plantation,” bio-tech park and organizing international orchid exhibitions, cultural creativity, and biomedical technology transformation, an internationally competitive and export-oriented industry has thus been constructed. Today, the industry requires a massive investment in technology, human resources, and innovation. However, the improvements involved will inevitably result in the co-existence of creative and destructive forces among business, social, and spatial organizations as well as in the industrial structure, which, in turn, will drive changes in spatial organizations. The present study aims to explore the industry’s ecosystem and the changes in its spatial organizations. The study focused on the main distribution areas of the Phalaenopsis industry, namely Tainan, Chiayi, Pingtung, Yunlin, Kaohsiung, Changhua, and Taichung, between September 2013 and October 2015. A three-stage observation was conducted by participating in and observing the orchid gardens’ operations, and by interviewing people from the industry. Twenty interviewees’ records and relevant statistics were collected and used for the observation and interpretation of the present study, in order to deepen its discussion.
The study found that a series of innovations in this industry were made by high-quality industrial communities. According to the development strategy of “Global vision, Local innovation," Taiwan was positioned as the seedling supply base in the global industry chain. Based on the development strategy of “Local innovation, Global connection," the distribution area of Tainan was developed into a key node linking the outside and cohering with the inside in the global industrial chain. Moreover, through path-dependent innovation, the development of Tainan led to a forward cycle of a dialectical relationship with the Tainan-centric industry cluster. This allowed Tainan to accumulate industrial resources and reinvent itself continuously, thus becoming the cluster center, production center, and innovation center of the industry. Meanwhile, the positioning, competitiveness, and linkage of the industry in the global industry network have been gradually strengthened. Furthermore, Taiwan’s Phalaenopsis industry has formed a highly complementary international vertical division of labor with mid- and high-latitude countries, and a horizontal division of labor that presents potential international competitiveness with low-latitude countries. In other words, the industry consolidated its global industry position and competitiveness through local innovation, thus developing the ecosystem and spatial organizations with a forward cycling path of “Local innovation ↹ Global connection” and Local clustering ↹ Global connection.”

以文找文

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