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題名：威爾第改編自莎士比亞戲劇之歌劇探究─《馬克白》、《奧泰羅》與《法斯塔夫》
作者：范曉菁
作者(外文)：Fan,Hsiao-Ching
校院名稱：輔仁大學
系所名稱：音樂學系
指導教授：徐玫玲
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2017
主題關鍵詞：莎士比亞；威爾第；《馬克白》；《奧泰羅》；《法斯塔夫》；Shakespeare；Verdi；Macbeth；Otello；Falstaff
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威廉‧莎士比亞 (William Shakespeare, 1564-1616) 於其所處時代為英國最受歡迎的劇作家之一，其幽默的文筆以及獨特的寫作手法，都使得莎士比亞的風潮至今仍在世界各地延燒著。然而，不僅止於戲劇上的研究，莎士比亞戲劇中豐富的音樂資源，也同樣引起後人欲更加深入探究的興趣。因此，本論文將以莎士比亞戲劇中的音樂為出發點，試圖勾勒出莎士比亞戲劇在十七世紀時演出之狀況。
再者，莎士比亞於十九世紀又掀起熱潮，因著義大利文學運動的狂潮使得莎士比亞戲劇翻譯作品，影響至歌劇劇本改編，威爾第憑藉著自身特殊的文學造詣，在這股氛圍之下，貫穿其一生獨鍾情於莎氏，擇《馬克白》、《奧賽羅》和《快樂的溫莎巧婦》作為改編劇本，奠定其偉大歌劇作曲家的不朽地位，這是相當值得深入剖析。大師改編大師的作品，從歌劇中對於劇情的刪減與配合原著所插入音樂之處，可以看出威爾第在不失原著精神的情況下，是如何地將音樂細膩的融合於劇情之中；在詳加研究其精湛的作曲手法之後，更是令人佩服，威爾第為了凸顯戲劇效果所精心設計的巧思。因此，從這三齣歌劇的細部探究，可以看到的不只是作曲家令人讚嘆的偉大創作，更可以得知威爾第的《馬克白》、《奧泰羅》以及《法斯塔夫》在改編自莎士比亞戲劇於歌劇的舞台上，佔有不可動搖的重要地位，堪稱十九世紀改編文學歌劇的翹楚。
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the most popular playwrights in his time in England. His humorous writing styles and unique writing techniques made the wave of his literature still spread around the world. However, not only the study of drama, but also the rich musical resources in Shakespeare’s plays, stimulate future generations’ interest in exploring it more deeply. As a result, the thesis will take the music in Shakespeare’s plays as the starting point, to try to outline the original appearance of Shakespeare’s plays in the 17th century.
Under the boom of reviving Shakespeare in the 19th century, the adaptation of the opera scripts was influenced by Shakespeare’s translated works because of the fad of Italian Literature Movement. Under that atmosphere, with Verdi’s literature attainments, throughout his life, he exclusively chose Shakespeare’s works, Macbeth, Othello and The Merry Wives of Windsor as adapted scripts and then established his immortal position of a great opera composer, which is quite worth analyzing thoroughly. While a master adapted the works from another master, to fit in with the original, from the deletion of the plots to the inserted music, it can be seen how Verdi integrated the music with the story delicately without losing the spirit of the original. After researching deeply these Verdi’s opera works, we can further admire his ingenuity in making the effects of dramas prominent. Therefore, by studying the details of these operas, we can not only appreciate the composer’s great works, but also know clearly that Verdi’s Macbeth, Othello and Falstaff played unshakably important roles at the stage of adaptation from Shakespeare’s dramas to the operas. It can’t be denied that Verdi was an outstanding master of the adapted operas from literature in the 19th century.
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樂譜資料
Verdi, Giuseppe. Macbeth: in full Score. New York: Edwin F. Kalmus, 1970.
------------------. Falstaff: in full Score. New York: Dover, 1980.
-------------------. Otello: in full Score. New York: Dover, 1986.

原著劇本出處

Wells, Stanley, and Gary Taylor, eds. The Oxford Shakespeare-The Complete Works. New York: Clarendon, 1997.


影音資料
Macbeth. By Giuseppe Verdi. Dir. David Pountney. Zurich Opera Orch. and Chorus. Rm Associates, 2001. DVD.

Otello. By Giuseppe Verdi. Dir. Terry Edwards. Royal Opera Orch. and Chorus. Pioneer, 2006. DVD.

Falstaff. By Giuseppe Verdi. Dir. Gary Halvorson. Metropolitan Opera Orch. and Chorus. Metropolitan Opera, 2013, DVD.

 
 
 
 
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