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題名:建構社會創業者核心能力評估模式之研究
作者:林蘭惠
作者(外文):Lin, Lan-Hui
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:工業教育與技術學系
指導教授:羅志成
張元杰
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:社會企業社會創業核心能力詮釋結構模式MICMACSocial EnterpriseSocial EntrepreneurshipCore CompetencyInterpretive Structural Model (ISM)MICMAC
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因社會創業教育的需求大幅成長,導致全球各大學均增加此類課程的提供,以滿足對社會創業有興趣者之需求。然而,環顧先前文獻,目前對於成功的社會創業者需要具備的核心能力並沒有太多的著墨,亦缺乏實證的支持。因此,本研究透過社會創業教育核心能力發展的觀點,以社會創業者社會創業動機、社會創業過程、社會關係網絡及運作管理技能等四大構面,9項準則及34項指標,探討社會企業中社會創業者應具備的核心能力,裨益未來建構社會創業教育核心課程規劃及教育推廣之參考。
本研究採文獻歸納法整合社會創業者核心能力之重要因素,並設計專家效度問卷確認所有因素之構面、準則及指標的可行性,以專家意見修正,彙整出影響社會創業者核心能力之關鍵因素。再者,本研究進一步設計詮釋結構模式(Interpretive Structural Model, ISM)專家問卷,彙整社會企業創業者、社會企業從業者、政府部門中協助社會創業之工作者、社會創業教育者及社會創業研究機構等產官學研四大領域的專家學者的意見,運用ISM方法探討社會創業者核心能力的評估構面間、準則間及構面與準則間的關聯性,找出直接及間接的關聯性,進而確認出社會創業者核心能力評估模式之階層結構型態。最後,應用MICMAC (in the French acronym: Matrix of Crossed Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification)「分析-構面、準則」分類中,透過四象限圖分析各關鍵因素構面,與其所屬因素準則的趨動力和相依性之特徵,以期建構更周延的社會創業者核心能力評估模式。
在ISM層級結構模式圖中,位於較高階層(Leavel)的因素是容易受其它因素影響,此階層在MICMAC分析中是歸類在第二象限,其具有高依賴性、低趨動力的特徵。再者,位於較低階層的因素則是應該要多加注意的,因為這類因素容易影響其它因素,此階層在MICMAC分析中是屬於第四象限,具有較高的趨動力與較低的依賴性,故應優先列入執行。本研究結果顯示:社會創業動機、運作管理技能此兩大構面,及公義動機、社會動機、溝通與協調能力等3項準則,是位於ISM層級結構模式圖的第V、VI階層,此兩階層在MICMAC分析中是屬於第四象限,這些位於較低階層的社會創業者核心能力因素是具有高趨動、低依賴性特徵,故應優先列入社會創業教育基礎課程之規劃,並進一步可藉由社會創業者核心能力不同階層的因素來規劃多元差異的課程。
The demand for social entrepreneurship education has grown considerably and globally. Despite of the growing interest in this field, little is known about what core competencies are required for success as a social entrepreneur. Therefore, we intend to establish core competency indexes related to social entrepreneurs for the implication of core curriculum planning of social entrepreneurship education. Our study established four dimensions of the core competency of social entrepreneur, including social entrepreneurial motivation, social entrepreneurial processes, social value network and business management skills. Besides, there are also nine criterion and 34 indicators.
The study constructed index of core competency through literature review required for as a social entrepreneur. Furthermore, core competency was further examined which based on the survey by the experts from four areas of industry, government, academic sectors and research institute, including social entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurship practitioners, government departments workers to assist in social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship educators, social entrepreneurship researcher, and so on. Our study applies Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) to construct the interactions among the core competency dimensions of social entrepreneurs. Then, the objective of the MICMAC analysis is to analyze features of the core competency dimensions of social entrepreneur in the driver power and the dependence power.
In the hierarchy analysis of ISM, these factors of the higher hierarchy are highly influenced by other factors, which are classified the second quadrant in the MICMAC analysis. These factors of higher hierarchy have features of the lower driver power and the higher dependency. The underlying factors should be noticed, because such factors are susceptible to other factors that belong to the fourth quadrant in the MICMAC analysis with features of higher driver power and lower dependency. Therefore, the empirical results show that “social entrepreneurial motivation”, “operational management skills”, “justice motives”, “social motivation”, “communication and coordination”, and so on, are at the bottom of the factors of the core competencies of social entrepreneurs. Above factors are the main predecessors that should be included in priority. With the implementation of the underlying factors, the other class factors can enable us to identify and organize the customized courses for social entrepreneurs.
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