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題名:社會比較對社會交換行為之影響
作者:吳承徽
作者(外文):Chen-Hui Wu
校院名稱:元智大學
系所名稱:管理學院博士班
指導教授:劉恒逸
吳相勳
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:社會比較競爭忌妒知識分享社會網絡分析Social comparisonCompetitionEnvyKnowledge sharingSocial network
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過去,學者們認為可利用知識管理資訊系統來增加組織中的知識分享,但並沒有得到一致的結果。我們認為,知識的載體是個人;而個人的知識分享將同時考量正向(例如友誼及信任)與負向(例如競爭及忌妒)關係,而不僅只是著重於知識管理系統是否對個人知識分享有所助益。因此,本研究將研究焦點放在個人間的正向與負向關係對知識分享的影響。有鑑於過去研究指出,相較於正向關係,負向關係會對個人認知造成更強烈的影響,我們利用社會比較理論來探討人與人之間的社會交換行為:知識分享,並進一步提出負向關係對個人間的知識分享會依據不同情境而有不同的結果。
本研究採問卷調查法,於2015年11月,針對A產險公司的某單位員工作為發放問卷對象,共計回收40份。扣除無效問卷6份,有效問卷共計34份。共計1156組的配對資料,並利用社會網路分析法分析。
依據實証結果,價值觀信任、能力信任及共通語言對知識分享間具有正向關係,競爭在能力信任對知識分享間具有負向干擾效果,忌妒在能力信任及共通語言與知識分享的關係中各別具有負向干擾效果。然而,值得注意的是,即使人們間具有低度的價值觀信任、能力信任及共通語言認知,一但人們感受到高度競爭與忌妒關係時,仍會對他人展現高度的知識分享行為。此研究結果有助於彌補社會比較理論之空缺以及更多延伸的研究議題。
In the past, scholars indicated that the knowledge sharing is increased in organizations in terms of information system of knowledge sharing. However, it didn’t have the consistent results. We argued that individuals are the real carriers of knowledge whose knowledge sharing is evaluated in both aspects of the positive relationship (e.g. friendship and trust) and negative relationship (e.g. competition and envy). Among the relationship of duality, negative relationship to the knowledge sharing is more influential to the result of knowledge sharing due to individual’s strong perceptions to the negative feelings. Thus, the theories of social comparison are employed to explore the social exchange behavior-- knowledge sharing among individuals, to indicate the various possible results led by the negative relationship to knowledge sharing in various conditions.
Moreover, questionnaires are designed for its data-collection in this paper. The survey on the employees in a unit of A insurance company is a sample in November of 2015. There are totally 40 questionnaires received; excluding 6 incomplete or ineffective questionnaires, there are 34 effective questionnaires as a result. The social network analysis is used to analyze the results of 1156 pair data in terms of the pair data as the unit of analysis.
According to the results of analysis, values trust, ability trust as well as common language were positive-significantly related to knowledge sharing. The relationship between ability trust and knowledge sharing was negative moderated by competition. Envy is a negative factor moderating the relationship between the ability trust and common language respectively to knowledge sharing. However, it is worthy to note that individuals are highly possible giving knowledge sharing to others due to keen competition and envy, even if the values trust, ability trust and common language are perceived low. Therefore, that is to say, the results of negative relation- competition and envy may fill in the gap of the theories of social comparison and shed light on future research of negative research.
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