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題名:從美感與功能特質探討設計專利保護 — 美國及歐盟經驗之借鏡
作者:許慈真
作者(外文):HSU, TZU-CHEN
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:法律學系
指導教授:張懿云
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:設計特別權利立法取向零備件美感功能性新穎性非顯而易知獨特性創作性創作自由度Designsui generis design approachspare partsaestheticsfunctionalitynoveltynonobviousnessindividual charactercreativenessdesigner's degree of freedom
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設計雖然是發展甚早的智慧財產領域,但長久以來所受關注不多;隨著「設計至上」時代來臨,設計成為企業廣泛運用的經營工具之一,其市場價值及保護重要性已不可同日而語。儘管如此,從歷史觀察,設計規範發展相對緩慢且保守,更重要的是,立法者與法院受到對立觀點干擾,始終無法妥善處理設計之美感與功能特質,導致制度架構及保護要件之解釋與適用上都存在諸多疑問。是以,本文旨在透過美感與功能特質,解析若干重要議題如設計定義、立法取向爭論、程序要件之選擇、美感之法律定位、功能性判斷基準、差異程度之解釋、創作空間概念之運用等,並改從產業普遍認同之融合觀點重新詮釋美感與功能之關聯性,試圖藉此為前揭議題之糾結局面解套,並且顧及產業現況與需求,俾設計制度更加合理、健全,設計價值能夠充分體現在規範之上。
Design protection has developed more than two hundred years, but it seems not to attract much attention. As the era of “Everything is Design” is coming and design becomes one of the business tools in widespread use, the marketing value of design and the importance of design protection are quite different than before. From a historical observation, however, the progress of legislative reform is relatively slow and limited, and more importantly, legislators and courts are confused by the “segregation perspective” so that they can not deal with aesthetic and functional characters properly all the time, resulting in many questions about the interpretation and application of legislative frameworks and requirements of design protection. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze some important topics from aesthetic and functional perspectives such as definition of design, argument of legislative approaches, arrangement of procedural requirements, legal status of “aesthetics,” criteria of functionality, explanation of the “difference,” application of the concept of “the degree of design freedom,” etc., and reinterpret the relationship between aesthetics and functionality from the “integration perspective” generally accepted in design practice, trying to address the issues as mentioned above and take into account the status and needs of the design industry, finally, making the design system more reasonable, well-founded, and to adequately reflect the value of the design.
一、中文資料
(一)書籍
1. 王晨升、倪瀚、魏晓东、巫健、李霞、冯豫韬、姜可、李淳及汪晓春等编著,《工业设计史》,上海人民美术出版社,2012年1月。
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8. 劉孔中,《解構智財法及其與競爭法的衝突與調和》,新學林,2015年6月。
9. 盧永毅及羅子未合著,《工業設計史》,田園城市文化,1997年。
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11. 謝銘洋、張桂芳、顏妃琇,《整體著作權法制之檢討—美術工藝品之研究》,經濟部智慧財產局,2001年9月。
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(二)期刊論文
1. 李文賢,〈論專利要件之「產業利用性」〉,智慧財產權月刊,第62期,2004年2月。
2. 沈洳瑩,〈淺談我國專利法修正中設計專利與設計產業現況之調和〉,科技法律透析,21卷8期,2009年8月。
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4. 徐銘夆,〈從美國Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. v. Covidien, Inc.案解析設計專利功能性之判斷原則-兼述智慧財產法院104行專訴32號判決〉,專利師,24期,2016年1月。
5. 徐銘夆,〈「區分」並「排除」功能性特徵?從蘋果控告三星侵權事件探討功能性特徵對設計專利權範圍解釋之影響〉,智慧財產權,222期,2017年6月。
6. 徐銘夆、張玉玫,〈國際工業設計保護制度之調和介紹〉,智慧財產權,150期,2011年6月。
7. 徐銘夆、黃振榮,〈翻轉判決:註冊設計不侵權 不註冊設計侵權-以英國Kohler Mira Ltd v. Bristan Group Ltd案為中心〉,專利師,24期,2016年1月。
8. 陳秉訓,〈美國與臺灣設計專利制度之比較—以權利範圍解釋、侵權分析和新穎性判斷為客體〉,新新季刊,40卷4期,2012年10月。
9. 陳俊良,〈英國設計法修正〉,理律法律雜誌雙月刊,2002年3月號。
10. 陶思妤,〈自Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.案看產品外觀設計之商業外觀商標(Trade Dress)布局所涉功能性問題〉,科技法律透析28卷2期,2016年2月。
11. 童沈源,〈由產業面論新式樣專利申請與保護〉,智慧財產,54期,2005年7月。
12. 黃銘傑,〈功能性立體商標與專利權保護間之競合與調和〉,月旦法學雜誌,120期,2005年5月。
13. 彭鑒拖,〈論「產業利用性」(reproducibility)之誤用〉,新新季刊,34卷3期,2006年7月。
14. 葉哲維,〈專利侵害鑑定要點之修訂—設計篇〉,智慧財產權,207期,2016年3月。
15. 葉雪美,〈探討設計專利之創作性審查判斷之國際趨勢(上)(下)—以智財法院97年行專訴字第12號行政判決為例〉,專利師,6期及7期,2011年7月及10月。
16. 劉孔中,〈論德國商標法及其對我國商標法修正之啟發(一)〉,智慧財產權17期,2000年5月。
17. 劉孔中、高安淇,〈從國際規範及歐盟設計規則論新式樣制度之革新〉,政大智慧財產評論,1卷1期,2003年10月。
18. 鄭中人,〈產業利用性之理論與應用〉,世新法學,創刊號,2004年5月。
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24. 羅炳榮,〈功能性設計與必然匹配—美國案例〉,智慧財產權,5期,1999年5月。
(三)網頁文獻
1. 經濟部智慧財產局,《專利侵權判斷要點》,2016年2月版本,
https://www.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=597615&CtNode=7768&mp=1(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
2. 經濟部智慧財產局,《專利審查基準:第三篇 新式樣專利實體審查》,2016年8月15日版本,
https://www.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=522507&ctNode=6680&mp=1(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
3. 經濟部智慧財產局,《商標識別性審查基準》,2012年4月版本,
https://www.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=285308&ctNode=7048&mp=1(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
4. 葉雪美,〈解析設計專利的創作性與功能性設計的審查判斷—由日亞化的LED設計專利談起(上)(中)(下)〉,北美智權報40-42期,2010年11月5日~2011年1月10日。http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/enewsletter/enewsletter-40/naipo_ip_news.htm(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
5. 葉雪美,〈美國設計專利可獲得的損害賠償 超出你的預期!〉,北美智權報第120期,2014年11月19日,http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/Knowledge_Center/Laws/US-100.htm(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
6. 葉雪美,〈歐盟設計中維修免責條款之汽車零組件—以BMW v. Round & Metal Ltd.案件說明〉,北美智權報142期,2015年8月20日,http://www.naipo.com/portals/1/web_tw/Knowledge_Center/Infringement_Case/publish-169.htm(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
7. 楊智傑,〈美國設計專利侵權求償全部利潤?:2016年美國最高法院Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. v. Apple Inc.案〉,北美智權報175期,2016年12月28日,http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/enewsletter/enewsletter-175/naipo_ip_news.htm(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
8. 蕭雄淋,〈有關應用美術與美術工藝品的著作權法問題〉,2011年8月7日,http://blog.ylib.com/nsgrotius/Archives/2011/08/07/18481(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
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二、日文資料
(一)書籍
1. 木棚照一,《国際工業所有権の研究》,日本評論社,1989年7月20日。
2. 木棚照一,《国際知的財産法》,日本評論社,2009年3月15日。
(二)網頁文獻
1. 社団法人日本国際知的財産保護協会,《各国における意匠保護の及ばない範囲の実態調査研究報告書》,2009年3月,https://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou/toushin/chousa/pdf/zaisanken_kouhyou/h20_report_03.pdf(最後到訪日:2017年2月22日)。
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三、英文資料
(一)書籍
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31. Khaw, L. T., Protection of Automotive Spare Parts in Malaysia - Change for the Better?, 42 IIC 181-200 (2011).
32. Kur, Annette, The Green Paper's “Design Approach” - What's Wrong with It?, 15 Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev. 374 (1993).
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36. Lee, Peter and Sunder, Madhavi, The Law of Look and Feel, 90 S. Cal. L. Rev. 529 (2017).
37. Levin, Katrine A. and Richman, Monica B., A Survey of Industrial Design Protection in the European Union and the United States, 25 Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev. 111 (2003).
38. McAllister, Douglas M., The Ornamentality Standard of Design Patents: Evolution and Rejection of the “Hidden in Use” Test, 13 U. Bridgeport L. Rev. 419 (1993).
39. Mikulka, Yuri, The Rise of Design Patents, 42 No.4 Litigation 13 (2016).
40. Miniotas, Mikas, Novelty and Individual Character in the Community Design Law, Faculty of Law, Lund University Master Thesis (2005).
41. Monseau, Susanna, European Design Rights: A Model for the Protection of All Designers From Piracy, 48 Am. Bus. L.J. 27 (2011).
42. Mueller, Janice M. and Brean, Daniel Harris, Overcoming the “Impossible Issue” of Nonobviousness in Design Patents, 99 Ky. L.J. 419 (2010-2011).
43. Musker, David, Hidden Meaning? UK Perspectives on Invisible in Use Designs, 25 Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev. 450 (2003).
44. Pinover, Diana Elzey, Aesthetic Functionality: The Need for a Foreclosure of Competition, 83 Trademark Rep. 571 (1993).
45. Orozco, David, Rational Design Rights Ignorance, 46 Am. Bus. L.J. 573 (2009).
46. Reichman, J. H., Design Protection in Domestic and Foreign Copyright Law: From the Berne Revision of 1948 to the Copyright Act of 1976, 32 Duke L. J. 1143 (1983).
47. Reichman, J. H., Design Protection and the Legislative Agenda, 55 Law & Contemp. Probs. 281-296 (1992).
48. Saidman, Perry J., Egyptian Goddess Exposed! But Not in the Buff(er)…, 90 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc’y 859 (2008).
49. Saidman, Perry J., Functionality and Design Patent Validity and Infringement, 91 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc’y 313 (2009).
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