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題名：探討必經點演化之於服務系統永續發展：以新竹東門市場活化為例
作者：陳泓維
作者(外文)：Chen, Hung-Wei
校院名稱：國立清華大學
系所名稱：服務科學研究所
指導教授：林福仁
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2019
主題關鍵詞：必經點；必經點演化；服務主導邏輯；行動者網絡理論；社會資本；活化；傳統市場；服務系統；obligatory passage point (OPP)；OPP evolution；Service-Dominant Logic (S-DL)；Actor Network Theory (ANT)；social capital accumulation；revitalization；traditional marketplace；service system
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在過去的數十年間，「永續發展」與「永續性」被視為學術界與產業發展所面臨之重要議題。公共參與以及接地（engagement）的成效在城市永續的發展過程中不斷被強調，突顯出在地利害關係人（local stakeholders）的角色在城市發展的規劃與執行階段即應被納入。在服務科學理論的觀點下，「城市」就如同多樣服務系統的整合體，在全球化與都市化的影響下將社會資本（social capital）重新分配，連帶產生諸如既有經濟基礎崩解或傳統文化流失等議題。
　　本論文藉由國立清華大學與新竹市政府所合作的「跨域治理計畫」，進入閒置30餘年的新竹東門市場場域，並探討其活化過程。做為承載傳統文化與交易的服務系統，東門市場曾是台灣最大的市場，因1980年代新竹科學園區設立引發的產業變遷與消費習慣轉移而沒落。2015年在清華大學介入下開始所啟動一系列活化工作，使其成為當代新竹市民的美食街，以及青年的創業市場。三年的民族誌研究整合ORID方法論，描繪東門市場在新竹市的發展脈絡下歷經繁華、衰退，到當代所催生創業文化的過程，同時揭露市場活化背後的光明與黑暗面。
　　本論文整合服務主導邏輯（Service-Dominant Logic）與行動者網絡理論（Actor Network Theory）的觀點，應用於研究新興服務系統的發展，以及它們在活化過程中如何達成永續發展。被稱為「必經點」（obligatory passage point）的獨特行動者在行動者網絡的轉譯（translation）過程中形成，傳遞各個追尋不同利益的利害關係人所共創而產生的價值。相較於經典行動者網絡研究聚焦於結構性社會資本的操作手法，這項整合的理論架構導入服務主導邏輯的價值共創觀點，著重行動者所產生的關係性、認知性社會資本，得以在行動者網絡產生具體結構改變之前，透過價值主張的改變捕捉網絡內各項社會資本的重新分配與累積、共創價值的過程。從本論文的民族誌資料中（2015～2019），定義出五個必經點與一個正在進行的轉譯過程，指出正是它們的「演化」將東門市場推向一個更為永續的服務系統。
　　透過服務科學理論觀點，本論文針對以下的研究問題進行探討，並提出解答：（一）必經點如何隨著服務系統發展而演化？（二）服務系統發展背後的社會資本累積機制是什麼？並提出一個開放創新（open innovation）的迭代架構，用以描述必經點從解構到重新建構的演化過程，包含：（1）行動者互動（actor interacting）、（2）價值共創（value co-creating）、（3）關係建模（relationship modeling）、（4）必經點轉化（OPP transforming）等四個階段，即是本論文所強調「必經點演化（OPP Evolution）」的核心概念。這項機制則是社會資本累積的過程，社會資本在必經點演化的過程中，依照「結構性－關係性－認知性－關係性－結構性」的順序累積，推動系統中價值主張的演化。
　　綜上所述，本論文分析當代新竹東門市場活化的脈絡，並提出「必經點演化」的架構，除了在學術理論做出貢獻外，從田野研究的發現雖然無法直接套用於其他場域的問題解決，但可以作為其他類似場域問題解決的參考。
In past decades, the term “sustainable development” and “sustainability” have been viewed as important topics both in academia and industry development. Public participation and engagement are highlighted on the efforts for sustaining cities, which indicate that local stakeholders should be involved in the planning and operation processes for city development. With the perspectives of service science theories, “city” could be viewed as an integration of various service systems with related social capitals toward urbanization, which may face such challenges as abandoning existing economic bases or losing traditional cultures.
This dissertation analyzed the process of successful revitalizing Dongmen Market which already idled for 30 years via a cross-border governance project collaborated between National Tsing Hua University and Hsinchu City Government. As a service system providing traditional culture and transaction, Dongmen Market was once the biggest market in Taiwan, but falling because of the change of consumers’ behavior along with the founding of Hsinchu Science Park in 1980. In 2015, the intervention by the project had turned the market to become a food court for citizens and entrepreneurship market for youths. The integration of ethnographic methodology and concentrated dialogues (ORID) method was used to conduct the three-year study, describing the rising, falling, and revitalizing processes and revealing both of brightness and darkness.
An integrative perspective including Service-Dominant Logic (S-DL) and Actor Network Theory (ANT) was used to study the development of new service systems and how they were sustained through the revitalization. A unique actor called obligatory passage point (OPP) was formed in the translation phases of actor networks, delivering the co-created value by stakeholders with different interests. Comparing with classic ANT researches which focus on the structural social capitals, this framework focuses on both relational and cognitive social capitals, enabling to capture the value co-created by the re-distribution and accumulation processes of social capitals from structural change to actor network. According to the field data, Five OPPs and an ongoing translation process were identified during this research period (2015~2019), indicating that the OPP evolution drove the revitalization of Dongmen Market toward a sustainable service system.
In the perspectives of service science, we have raised the following research questions and also answered them through the ethnographic process: (1) How OPPs evolve along with the service system development? (2) What are the mechanisms of social capital accumulation underlying the service system development? A framework of open innovation practice was formulated to an iterative cycle with four phases: (1) actor interacting; (2) value co-creating; (3) relationship modeling; and (4) OPP transforming, which also present the operationalization of OPP evolution from its destruction to construction. The formulation of the OPP evolution mechanism results from the accumulation process of social capitals which follow the order of “structural – relational – cognitive – relational – structural,” driving the evolution of value proposition along with the OPP evolution.
In summary, this dissertation analyzed the context of Dongmen Market revitalization as the problem domain, and proposed the framework of OPP evolution to explain the formation of actor network toward the market’s revitalization. Besides the theoretical contributions, the insights captured from the field study could be used as a reference model for viewing and intervening other similar problem domains though the findings cannot be adopted in a straightforward manner.
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Websites
Google trends. From: https://trends.google.com.tw/trends/ (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019)
Website of Lingtan Street Creative Hub. From:
https://travel.tycg.gov.tw/zh-tw/travel/attraction/1461 (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)
Website of Shidong Market. From: http://www.shi-dong.com.tw/tw/ (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)
Website of Xinfu Market. From: http://umkt.jutfoundation.org.tw/ (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)
Website of Zhonghsin Market. From: https://travel.taichung.gov.tw/zh-tw/Attractions/Intro/503/%E5%BF%A0%E4%BF%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4 (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)

Reports
Kaohsiung Shiquan Market renewal. From: https://cissearch.kcc.gov.tw/System/PublicHearing/DealData.aspx?s=69E995A6C90BA638 (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)
Taoyuan First Market renewal. From: https://bit.ly/31GXwdE (accessed on 28th Apr., 2019. In Mandarin.)
公有市場攤位賺很大，私下轉賣猖獗(Subleasing public market stores earn a lot) (2016.10.24). Liberty Times Net. From:
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/local/paper/1044900 (accessed on 23th Oct., 2019. In Mandarin.)
公有攤位二房東牟10倍暴利，東窗事發動粗施暴 (Report of 10 times profiteering in public store subleasing leads to violence)(2018.12.28). Formosa TV News network. From: https://bit.ly/2Pbq8Jv (accessed on 23th Oct. 2019. In Mandarin.)
 
 
 
 
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