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題名:隨遷老人的生產性老化研究
作者:陳文華
作者(外文):CHEN,WEN-HUA
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:陳琇惠
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:隨遷老人生產性老化動機福祉文化視角the elderly who migrate with their childrenproductive agingmotivationwell-beingcultural perspective
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本研究以隨遷老人作為研究對象,旨在於探討其生產性老化的形態,深入了解其生產性老化的動機。透過質性研究方法,訪談38位隨遷老人、5位隨遷老人子女及4位社會工作者,研究發現:
第一,在群體背景上,老人隨遷的情境與目的包括照顧子女和孫代、家庭團聚和「靠」兒養老,照顧是主導性目的;至於誰成為隨遷對象,這並非任意的,而是受到代際倫理、性別權力、家庭結構、家庭整體效益等因素的綜合作用,最終是權宜性的結果。此外,隨遷老人常見類型有靜態式以及勞燕分飛式、接力式、候鳥式、輪換式等多種動態式。這些方面為隨遷老人的生產性老化奠定了基調。
第二,在生產性老化形態上,涉及工作、照顧、志願服務三個面向,工作上有兼顧性、易中斷、城鄉二元分化的特點,照顧上有優先性、高捲入度和子代中心主義的特點;志願服務上有淺層化、高流動、城鄉二元分化特點。隨遷老人的生產性老化在三個面向的分佈不均衡,照顧是主要面向,工作和志願服務容易受到照顧的「擠壓」,整體呈現出以子代家庭為中心的特征。
第三,在生產性老化動機上,可歸納出為以減輕子女負擔為追求的顧後導向和以提高晚年生活保障和品質為追求的顧己導向,「雙顧」導向共存,但特征是「顧後」為先,這與其以子嗣昌盛為核心的本體性價值、生命歷程深受獨特社會歷史事件的影響、身處高壓力低福利的社會現實中有關。
隨遷老人的生產性老化形態與動機與西方論述下的生產性老化存在較大的差異,在集體主義文化的影響下,隨遷老人的生產性老化並不是追求個人福祉和個人成就,而是追求人際關係和家庭整體福祉。中西方文化原型的差異、使得隨遷老人自我觀和幸福觀都與西方老人不同,進而影響了隨遷老人的生產性老化面貌,未來關於隨遷老人生產性老化的政策議題也要將文化因素納入思考。
This study takes the elderly who migrate with their children as the research object, aiming to explore their forms of productive aging and their motivations for productive aging. This research uses qualitative research methods. It interviewed 38 elderly people who migrated with their children, 5 adult children and 4 social workers. The research found that:
First, in terms of the basic information of the group, the context and purpose of the migration of the elderly with their children mainly include taking care of their children and grandchildren, family reunion and "relying on" children to provide for the elderly. Caring is the dominant purpose. As for who is the target of migration with children, it is not arbitrary, but is the result of expediency due to the combined effect of factors such as intergenerational ethics, gender power, family structure, and overall family benefits. In addition, the types of elderly who migrate with their children are diversified, it includes static style, style of swallow-like-like flight ing in different directions, relaying style, migratory bird-style, rotation styleold people who migrate with their children.
Second, in the form of productive aging, its form of productive aging involves three aspects: work, care and voluntary service.Their participation in work has the characteristics of compatibility, easy interruption, and urban-rural duality. Their participation in care has the characteristics of priority, high involvement and progeny centralism; their participation in voluntary services is shallow, highly mobile, urban-rural duality. The productive aging is unevenly distributed among the three aspects. Care is the main aspect. Work and volunteer services are vulnerable to the "squeeze" of care, and the whole presents the characteristics of the offspring family as the center.
In work, it has the characteristics of giving consideration to care, easy interruption and urban-rural dual differentiation. In care, it has the characteristics of priority, high involvement and child centrism; Voluntary service has the characteristics of shallow, high mobility and urban-rural dual differentiation. The productive aging of migrant elderly is unevenly distributed in the three aspects. Care is the main aspect. Work and voluntary service are vulnerable to the "squeeze" of care, which shows the characteristics of focusing on children's families as a whole.
Third, in terms of productive aging motivation, the productive aging motivation of the accompanying elderly can be classified into the consideration of future generations in the pursuit of reducing the burden on their children and the consideration of themselves in the pursuit of improving the security and quality of life in their later years. The "double care" orientation coexists, but their motivation feature is to give priority to future generations, which is consistent with the ontological value of the accompanying elderly with the prosperity of their children as the core Personal life course is deeply influenced by unique social and historical events and is related to the social reality of high pressure and low welfare.is related to their ontological value centered on the prosperity of their children, their life course is deeply influenced by unique social and historical events, and they are in a social reality of high pressure and low welfare.
Third, in terms of productive aging motives, the productive aging motives of the elderly with migrants can be categorized into the future generation-oriented pursuit of reducing the burden on their children, and the self-oriented orientation of the pursuit of improving the security and quality of life in their later years. "Oriented coexistence, but their motivational characteristic is to give priority to future generations. This is in line with the ontological value of the elderly with the prosperous offspring as the core, the personal life course is deeply influenced by unique social and historical events, and they live in a society of high pressure and low welfare. Relevant in reality.
The forms and motivations of productive aging of the elderly who migrate with their children are quite different from the productive aging under Western discourse. Under the influence of collectivist culture, the productive aging of the elderly who migrate with their children is not the pursuit of personal well-being and personal achievement. , But the pursuit of interpersonal relationships and the overall well-being of the family. The difference between Chinese and Western cultural archetypes makes the self-view and happiness view of the elderly who migrate with them different from those of the western elderly, which affects their productive aging appearance. In the future, the productive aging policy for the elderly who migrate with their children should take cultural factors into consideration.
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