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題名:行為意圖在道德判斷上的不相干性:辯護Scanlon的道德許可觀
作者:張智皓
作者(外文):Jhang, Jhih Hao
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:哲學系研究所
指導教授:謝世民
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:道德許可性意圖雙果律moral permissibilityintentiondoctrine of double effect
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本論文主題是關於「行為之道德許可性判斷」。我們知道,在道德哲學領域中,行為之道德許可性判斷,是一項重要且受到廣泛爭論的議題。針對此議題,原則上我們可以從行為者的行為意圖切入,將各種道德許可性理論區分為兩大類型,第一類是「主觀主義」,這類論者主張,行為者的行為意圖,在行為之道德許可性判斷中具有重要影響力。第二類是「客觀主義」,這類論者主張,行為者的行為意圖,在行為之道德許可性判斷中是不相干的。本文檢視這兩類觀點各自的代表性理論,並評論它們的優劣。具體來說,在「主觀主義」陣營,本文以「雙果律」作為討論對象。在「客觀主義」陣營,本文則考量T. M. Scanlon的道德許可性理論。本文希望達成的目標有三點:(一)說明行為意圖在道德許可性判斷上不具有相干性。(二)對Scanlon的道德許可性理論提供最佳詮釋。(三)進一步完善Scanlon的道德許可性理論。針對目標(一),本文說明主觀主義陣營中最有機會成功的「雙果律」並不令人滿意。針對目標(二),本文說明Scanlon的道德許可性理論是更好的方案。針對目標(三),本文完善Scanlon的道德許可性理論,使其更具有可實踐性。
The topic of this dissertation is about the moral permissibility of an action. As one of the most significant subjects in moral philosophy, it attracts debates of various kinds. In general, we can approach the problem by clarifying the relationship between the intention of an action and its permissibility. Two types of theories address this issue are subjectivism, which holds that the intention of an action is a major factor of its permissibility, and objectivism, which holds that the intention of an action is irrelevant to its permissibility. I discuss representative theories of both types, the doctrine of double effect for subjectivism and T. M. Scanlon’s moral theory for objectivism. This dissertation argues for three things. First, the doctrine of double effect, as the most plausible candidate of subjectivism, is flawed. Second, the Scanlonian theory, which is famously rejecting the double-effect doctrine, provides better explanations for moral permissibility. Finally, the practicality of Scanlonian theory can be improved in some specific ways.
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