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題名:社區適老化建設評估指標系統的建構與運用之研究
作者:梅文兵
作者(外文):MEI WENBING
校院名稱:朝陽科技大學
系所名稱:建築系建築及都市設計博士班
指導教授:歐聖榮
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:社區居家養老社區適老化建設指標系統評估Community home careCommunitySuitable elderly-orientedIndex systemEvaluation
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面對全球老齡化所帶來持續性養老壓力,各國政府都開展了行之有效的辦法來應對本國人口老齡化問題。隨著經濟的發展和房地產行業的興起,社區居家養老已經成為中國的主體養老模式,据數據統計,中國90%的老年人選擇社區居家養老。但不能否認的是,社區建設之初,較少考慮到老年人的養老需求,因此如何構建符合社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設便成為政府、養老產業界和學術界共同關心的問題。基於此,本論文借鑒國內外相關建設和發展經驗,通過質性研究和量化分析相結合的研究方法,構建出社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設評估指標體系,並選取中國珠三角地區4個典型社區進行實證運用,以期提出適合社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的對策建議和改善策略。具體內容如下:
首先,透過文獻資料調研、政策文本分析和老年扎根訪談的方式,運用質性研究方法,初步選取社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的51項評估指標;
其次,將上述51項指標編制成模糊德爾菲法專家問卷,運用模糊德爾菲法,邀請官、產、學界專家對51項指標的重要值進行評量,根據專家共識值和門檻值的設定,最終篩選出48項社區適老化建設指標;
再次,將上述48項指標的重要度和表現度,編制成問卷針對社區居家老年人及其相關群體進行廣泛調研,透過576份有效調研數據,運用因素分析法,構建出社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的4項準則、9項次準則和48項指標的評估指標系統;
另外,將社區適老化建設評估指標體系,編制成模糊層次專家問卷,邀請官、產、學界專家對各層級評估指標的相對重要值進行評量,運用模糊層次分析法,計算出社區適老化建設評估指標體系各層級指標的權重值;
最後,透過本研究構建的社區適老化建設評估指標體系,選擇中國珠三角地區城市、城郊、城鎮、農村等4個典型社區進行實例驗證,客觀科學評估該社區適老化建設的狀況並根據評估數據提出改善策略。
社區適老化建設評估指標的研究,是可以涵蓋多面向的研究,這不只是針對現有社區的適老化建設狀況進行評估,從其中辨識適老化建設的不足之處並提出改善建議,也可以於社區規劃建設前段作業時,協助相關部門有效的篩選建設指標並進行決策,以尋得符合社區居家養老產業需求之切實適老化表現。本研究最期待的是藉由社區適老化建設評估指標,提升社區適老化建設成效和社區居家養老品質,進而提升老年人的生活品質和生活滿意度,幫助老年人成功老化。
Faced with the continuing pressure on the elderly caused by global aging, governments of various countries have developed effective measures to deal with the aging of their own populations. With the development of the economy and the rise of the real estate industry, community-based care for the elderly has become the main pension model in China. According to statistics, 90% of the elderly in China choose community-based care for the elderly. However, it cannot be denied that at the beginning of community construction, less consideration was given to the elderly's needs for the elderly. Therefore, how to construct a community suitable for aging under the community home care model has become a common concern of the government, the elderly industry and academia. Based on this, this thesis draws on foreign construction and development experience, through a combination of qualitative research and quantitative analysis, constructs an evaluation index system for community ageing construction under the community home care model, and selects 4 typical models in the Pearl River Delta region of China Empirical application in the community, with a view to proposing countermeasures and improvement strategies suitable for the aging construction of the community under the community-based home care model. The specific content is as follows: 
First, through literature research, policy text analysis, and rooted interviews for the elderly, using qualitative research methods, 54 evaluation indicators for the community's ageing construction under the community home care model are initially selected;
Secondly, compile the above 51 indicators into an expert questionnaire, use the fuzzy Delphi method, invite officials, industry, and academic experts to evaluate the important values ​​of the 54 indicators, and finally screen out the 51 indicators based on the expert consensus value and the threshold setting. 48 indicators for the aging of the community;
Thirdly, the degree and degree of the above 48 indicators were compiled into questionnaires, and extensive research was conducted on the characteristics of community homes and important related groups. Through 576 effective survey data, the use of element analysis to construct a community-friendly home care model The evaluation index system of 4 standards, 9 sub-standards and 48 indicators for the elderly care construction;
Fourth, compile the evaluation index system of the community's ageing construction into an expert questionnaire, invite officials, industry, and academic experts to evaluate the relative importance of the evaluation indicators at each level, and use the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to calculate the community's ageing construction Evaluate the weight value of each level indicator of the indicator system;
Finally, through the community’s ageing construction evaluation index system constructed in this research, four typical communities in the Pearl River Delta region of China, including cities, suburbs, towns, and rural areas, are selected for example verification, objectively scientifically assessing the status of the community’s ageing construction and based on the evaluation data Propose improvement strategies.
The research on the evaluation index of the aging construction in the community can cover a multi-faceted research. This is not only an assessment of the aging construction status of the existing community, from which the shortcomings of the aging construction are identified and suggestions for improvement are made, it also can assist relevant departments to effectively screen construction indicators and make decisions during the preliminary work of community planning and construction, so as to find a practical aging performance that meets the needs of the community's home care industry.
What this research is most looking forward to is to improve the effectiveness of the community’s aging construction and the quality of the community’s home care through the use of community aging construction evaluation indicators, thereby improving the quality of life and life satisfaction of the elderly, and helping the elderly to successfully age.
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