國家圖書館是一國文化的表徵，然而，每個國家因為歷史發展的背景不同，各國國家圖書館所肩負的任務、發展特色，也有差異。本文試圖利用比較分析法，了解在不同政治、社會及文化環境下，我國國家圖書館與大英圖書館在組織沿革、人員經費、館藏量、館藏特色、館際合作、呈繳制度等層面的異同，以期對二國國家圖書館的特色有更深入的認識，並對我國國家圖書館未來發展提出幾項建議。

　　　　　Owing to different politics, social, cultural and historical factors, there are various differences between national library in each country. This article intends to compare the differences between the National Central Library in Taiwan and the British Library, particularly focus on their historical background, organizational system, collection, human resource, and legal deposit system. Finally, some suggestions are proposed based on the findings from this comparison.