貿易政策與競爭政策有其共同的目標，即發揮國內資源利用效率，進而使消費者獲利。由於其有共同目標，二者問始存有互補的功能。具體而言，競爭政策的主要目標，在保護、鼓勵「競爭」，最終希望消費者得以享受價格較低且品質較佳的產品式服務。而貿易政策之貿易自由化政策，基本上是希望各國藉由降低關稅及取消非關稅貿易障礙，開放其國內市場，以使其他國家的貨品與服務得以基於比較利益的原則，相互流通。 貿易政策與競爭政策亦有其街突性，例如貿易保護政策因係在保護國內產業，基本上具有反競爭效果。一國政府所採行之貿易措施可大致分為關稅與非關稅貿易措施，其中關稅型態措施對競爭的損害較為單純，非關稅貿易障礙則較為複雜，其範圍亦甚廣泛。由於各種形式貿易措施對價格或數量的影響不盡相同，其引起的競爭議題或效果亦互有差異。競爭法主要關注在保護或鼓勵競爭行為；貿易政策的規範則除了關切競爭行為以外，還必須考量許多其他之價值觀念，有經濟性質者，亦有屬政治性質者，其內涵相對較為複雜。 就國際層面而言，各國競爭法規範之內容不盡相同，縱規範相同，亦因各國執行起度不同而異其效果，甚且仍有國家末實施競爭法。各國對反競爭行為是否規範及是否禁止，對於全球貿易自由化影響甚巨。為促進國內競爭法之效能及強化國際市場，尚須努力促進各國競爭法主管機關間合作、各國競爭法及競爭政策之調合、擴大競爭法之涵蓋範園、確實執行競爭法等，才能減少各國間貿易摩擦，提高經濟效率。

Trade policy and competition policy share the same goal and supplement each other in regards to the effective use of domestic resources and to benefit consumers. The main purpose of competition policy is to protect and promote "competition" so that the consumer can enjoy goods or services at lower prices and better quality. Trade liberalization policy, by reducing tariffs and abolishing non-tariff barriers, aims to open up domestic markets and let good and services be distributed following in the comparative advantage rule. Trade policy and competition policy conflicts in another way. Trade protection policy tends to protect domestic industries and therefore hinders competition. Trade measures adopted by a government could be divided into tariff and non-tariff measures. Tariffs affect competition in a direct way while non-tariff measures are more complicated and cover a broader range. Various trade measures affect the quality and quantity of goods and services in different ways and raise different issues that need to be solved. Competition law protects and promotes "competition" while trade rule considers competition as well as other values, including economic and political ones. Competition law tends to protect consumer benefits and trade protection law tends to protect producers, labor-directly and consumers indirectly. Regulations by national competition authorities differ from each other. Due to differing amounts of enforcement effort that need to be devoted, similar regulations could get different results. There are even some countries that do not have competition laws. As the regulation and prohibition of anti-competitive practices affect global trade liberalization, efforts including cooperation among national competition laws/policies, broadening the coverage of compettion law and ensuring the enforcement of competition law should be devoted to reduce international trade conflicts and enhance economic efficiency.