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題名:為甚麼問怎麼樣,怎麼樣問為甚麼
書刊名:漢學研究
作者:蔡維天 引用關係
作者(外文):Tsai, Dylan Wei-tien
出版日期:2000
卷期:18:特刊=36
頁次:頁41-59
主題關鍵詞:句法學語意學句法-語意介面漢語句法疑問副詞SyntaxSemanticsSyntax-semantics interfaceChinese syntaxWh-adverbs
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:32
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     本文的題旨在於討論漢語疑問副詞的一個歧義現象:「怎麼」有時可當成「為甚麼」來用,怎麼沒來?」。這種用法主要出現在助動詞之前,應屬句子頂層結構的一種現象。我們認為此處「怎麼」其實是整個句子的述語,問的是這個句子所表達事件的來由。相較之下,位於助動詞和動詞之間的「怎麼(樣)」則為修飾垂詞組的狀語,表一個動作的樣貌或途徑。動詞之後的「怎麼樣」則為整個句子的補語,問的是事件的結果。從本體論的觀點來看,「怎麼」、「怎麼樣」在句法結構上的高低分布正反映出一種因果關係,也就是助動前的「怎麼」表「前因」,動詞後的「怎麼樣」表「後果」;中間則夾著表樣貌、途徑的「怎麼(樣)」。若以句法-語意介面的角度觀之,凡此種種不同的語意解釋正是由於「怎麼」、「怎麼樣」所?的句法層次不同,而產生的結果:也說,表原因的「怎麼」修飾事件,是整個句子的述語;表結果的「怎麼樣」修飾動作結束後的狀態,動詞組內的補語;表樣貌、途徑「怎麼(樣)」則修飾動作本身,是動詞組的狀語,而和主語的主體意識(agentivity)相關。此外,表原因的「怎麼」在句法上的分布也和「為甚麼」相當一致,可採「無擇約束」(unselective binding)及「相對性近距原則」(relativized minimality)等概念加以規範。
     The aim of this paper is to examine an ambiguity of Chinese wh-adverbs:zenme 'how' is sometimes construed as causal rather than method or manner, as in?' We show that causal zenme typically appears before modals, behaving very much like a matrix predicate. By contrast, its postmodal counterparts are interpreted as method or manner preverbally, and as result postverbally. From the viewpoint of ontology, the structural distrbution of zenme (yang) embodies a "cause-effect" relation, and in-between, we have agent-sensitive concepts such as method and manner. In terms of the syntax-semantics interface, it is demonstrated that the various interpretations of zenme (yang) are conditioned by the syntacits projections it occurs in. Namely, premodal zenme takes the whole sentence as its complement, which corresponds to an event. This results in the causal reading Postverbal zenmeyang, on the other hand, serves as a complement to VP, corresponding to a resultant state. Hence the resultative reading. Furthermore, when method/manner zenme (yang) serves as a VP-adverbial, it modifies an action, thus sensitive to subject agentivity. Finally, we find that causal zenme actually patterns with weishenme 'why' with respect to their syntactic behavior, which can be accounted for by adopting the notion of unselective binding and relativized minimality.
Other
1.梅廣(1978)。國語語法中的動詞組補語,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.蔡維天(1999)。On Lexical Courtesy。Journal of East Asian Linguistics,8(1),39-73。  new window
2.Lin, J. W.(1992)。The Syntax of zenmeyang 'how' and weishenme' why' in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of East Asian Linguistics,1,293-331。  new window
3.蔡維天(19970300)。On the Absence of Island Effects。清華學報,27(1),125-149。new window  new window
4.鄭禮珊、黃正德(1996)。Two types of donkey sentences。Natural Language Semantics,4(2),121-163。  new window
5.李艷惠(1992)。Indefinite Wh in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of East Asian Linguistics,1(2),125-156。  new window
6.Karttunen, Lauri(1977)。Syntax and semantics of questions。Linguistics and Philosophy,1(1),3-44。  new window
7.Huang, C.-T. James(1988)。Wo pao de kuai and Chinese phrase structure。Language,64(2),274-311。  new window
8.蔡維天(19971200)。臺灣南島語疑問詞的無定用法--噶瑪蘭語、鄒語及賽德克語的比較研究。清華學報,27(4),381-422。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Hamblin, Charles Leonard(1973)。Questions in Montague English。Foundations of Language,10(1),41-53。  new window
會議論文
1.林若望(1998)。On the Temporal Meaning of the Verbal -li in Chinese。Taiwan。new window  new window
學位論文
1.鄭禮珊(1991)。On the Typology oh WH-Questions(博士論文)。Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge。  new window
圖書
1.Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan(1999)。On Economizing the Theory of A-bar Dependencies。New York:Garland。  new window
圖書論文
1.Tai, James H. Y.(1985)。Temporal sequence and Chinese word order。Iconicity in syntax。John Benjamins Publishing Co.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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