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題名：Ideal Expectations and Actual Implementation of Leadership Behavior among Physical Education Chairpersons
書刊名：大專體育學刊
作者：陳敦禮
作者(外文)：Chen, Tun-li
出版日期：2000
卷期：2:2
頁次：頁97-114
主題關鍵詞：實際履行；理想期望；關懷；倡導；領導行為；Actual implementation；Ideal expectations；Consideration；Initiating structure；Leadership behavior
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究的目的在於比較美國大學體育系主任與該系教師對於體育系主任在關懷與倡導兩方面領導行為的理想期望與實際履行的認知有何不同。另外，也調查一些人口統計學方面的因素對體育系主任與該系教師對於體育系主任領導行為認知之影響。本研究所採用的母群體為全美大學內所有體育系的系主任與該系教師。全美國共有440大學(universities)設有體育主修之科系，在本研究中隨機抽選70個系作為研究樣本。本研究採用由俄亥俄州立大學(Ohio state University)所研究發展出來的領行為描述問卷(The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire-From XII)以及作者自己設計的人口資料問卷(Demographic Information Questionnaire)作為調查工具，以了解體育系主任與教師分別對體育系主任在理想與實際的領導行為方面有何不同的看法。並將調查結果分別以平均數差異考驗(獨立與相依)以及單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料處理，主要結果如下：(1)在關懷的領導行為方面，體育系主任對自己的理想期望遠高於該系內教師對系主任的期望。(2)體育系主任自認為他們給予教師的關懷遠比教師所感受到的還多。(3)在倡導的領導行為方面，無論體育系主任或教師，對於理想期望與實際履行的領導行為認知方面，並無明顯差異。(4)體育系主任與教師均認為系主任應該在關懷與倡導兩領導行為方面做得比現在實際做的還要多。(5)教師人數(2至7位)較少的體育系之系主任認為他們在關懷的領導行為方面做得比教師人數較多的體育系之系主任還多。(6)在對於認知自己的系主任倡導的行為方面，較大學的體育系教師認為他們的系主任做得比較多。
The purpose of this study was to compare the relations hip between the ideal and actual leadership behaviors in terms of consideration and initiating structure as perceived by physical education chairpersons and their faculty. A second purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of the chairpersons’ and faculty members’ perceived leadership behaviors with selected demographic factors. The population of the study included physical education department chairpersons and faculty members in all universities within the United States with a physical education major. Seventy of the 440 universities were randomly selected to participate in this study. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire-From XII (LBDQ XII) developed by the Ohio State University, and a self-designed demographic information questionnaire were used to investigate the ideal and actual leadership behaviors of physical education chairpersons and faculty members. The statistical package used was the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Dependent t tests, independent t tests, and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to test the differences among the variables at the .05 level of significance. Primary conclusions to emerge from this study include the following: (1) Physical education chairpersons’ ideal expectation Consideration leadership behavior is higher than faculty members’ ideal expectation on Consideration leadership behavior. (2) Physical education chairpersons perceive themselves to actually give Consideration leadership behavior more often than faculty members do. (3) The findings support the conclusion that no differences exist between the physical education chairpersons and the faculty members regarding the ideal expectations and actual implementation of leadership behavior in Initiating structure. (4) Physical education chairpersons and faculty members think that the chairpersons should use Initiating Structure and Consideration leadership behavior more often than the chairpersons actually do. (5) Chairpersons in smaller department (2 to 7 faculty members) regard the actual implementation of leadership behavior in Consideration to be used by them significantly more often than did the chairpersons from larger departments (8 to 14 faculty members). (6) Faculty members in larger initiations (6501 to 15000 students) regard the actual implementation of leadership behavior in Initiating Structure to be used significantly more often than did faculty members from smaller institutions (1 to 6500 students).
期刊論文
1.Johns, H. E.(1986)。Effect of selected bibliographical factors on faculty perceptions of law school deans' leader behavior。Higher Education，15，497-506。  new window
2.O'Grady, J.(1973)。The department chairman。Improving College and University Teaching，21(4)，270-272。  new window
3.Mobley, T. A.(1997)。Leadership in higher education for health, physical education, recreation, and dance。Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance，68(4)，36-38。  new window
4.Hemphill, J. K.(1950)。Relations between the size of the group and the behavior of superior leaders。Journal of Social Psychology，32，11-22。  new window
5.Skipper, C.(1978)。Factor analysis of university leader's behavior。College and University，53(3)，330-333。  new window
學位論文
1.Kleinsasser, D.(1985)。A compassion of the ideal and real leader behavior of South Dakota elementary principals as perceived by teachers and principals(博士論文)。University of South Dakota。  new window
2.Palmer, G. M.(1982)。A study of the relationships of leadership behavior, organizational climate, and demographic data in physical education departments at selected colleges and universities in Canada and the United States(博士論文)。University of Oregon. Peterson's Four Year Colleges，Princeton, NJ。  new window
3.Rigel, W. M.(1989)。The relationship of departmental size and complexity with the leadership behavior of college and university physical education chairpersons(博士論文)。The Florida State University。  new window
4.Terry, K. W.(1988)。Secondary school teachers' perceptions of principals' leadership behaviors in selected effective and regular schools(博士論文)。Northwestern State University，Louisiana。  new window
5.Marder, E.(1960)。Leader behaviors as perceived by subordinates as a function of organizational level(碩士論文)。The Ohio State University Library，Columbus。  new window
圖書
1.Buros, O. K.(1978)。The eighth mental measurements yearbook。Highland Park, NJ：The Gryphon Press。  new window
2.Tillman, K. G.、Voltmer, E. F.、Esslinger, A. A.、McCue, B. F.(1996)。The administration of physical education, sport, and leisure programs。Needham Heights, MA：Simon & Schuster。  new window
3.Smith, P. B.、Peterson, M. F.(1988)。Leadership, organizations and culture: An event management model。London。  new window
4.Bass, A. C.(1990)。Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership: theory, research, and managerial applications。New York, NY：The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan, Inc.。  new window
5.Bass, B. M.(1981)。Stogdill's handbook of leadership。New York, NY：Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.。  new window
6.Frost, R. B.、Lockhart, B. D.、Marshall, S. J.(1988)。Administration of physical education and athletics: concepts and practices。Dubuque, Iowa：W.C. Brown Publishers。  new window
7.Heller, J. F.(1982)。Increasing faculty and administrative effectiveness。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
8.Horine, L.(1991)。Administration of physical education and sport programs。Dubuque, IA：Wm. C. Brown & Bechmark。  new window
9.Horine, L.(1995)。Administration of physical education and sport programs。Dubuque, Iowa：Wm. C. Brown & Bechmark。  new window
10.Ivancevich, J. M.、Matteson, M. T.(1990)。Organizational behavior and management。Boston, MA：Richard D. Irwin, Inc.。  new window
11.Jensen, C. R.(1988)。Administrative management of physical education and athletic programs。Philadelphia, PA：Lea and Febiger。  new window
12.Newstrom, J. W.、Davis, K.(1993)。Organizational behavior: Human behavior at work。New York：McGraw Hill, Inc.。  new window
13.Oliva, P. F.(1993)。Supervision for today's schools。New York：Longman。  new window
14.Schlechty, P. C.(1990)。Schools for the twenty-first century。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass Inc.。  new window
15.Slade, C.(1997)。Form and style: Research paper, reports, theses。Boston, MA：Houghton Mifflin Company。  new window
16.Stogdill, R. M.、Coons, A. E.(1957)。Leader behavior: It's description and measurement。Columbus, Ohio：The Ohio State University。  new window
17.Tucker, A.(1984)。Chairing the academic department。New York：Macmillan Publishing Company。  new window
18.Hesselbein, Frances、Goldsmith, Marshall、Beckhard, R.(1996)。The leader of the future。New York：The Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management。  new window
19.Robbins, Stephen P.(1996)。Organizational behavior。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey：Prentice Hall。  new window
20.Bennis, Warren G.、Nanus, Burt(1985)。Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge。Harper & Row。  new window
21.Stogdill, Ralph Melvin(1974)。Handbook of leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research。New York, NY：Free Press。  new window
22.Mintzberg, Henry(1973)。The Nature of Managerial Work。Harper & Row。  new window
其他
1.Al-Knawy, S. M.(1985)。A study of leadership behavior as perceived and expected by deans, heads of departments, and faculty members in three selected institutions of higher learning in Saudi Arabia。  new window
2.Buckiewicz, D.(1974)。An analysis of leader behavior in the physical education departments of the community college of California, Oregon and Washington。  new window
3.Davis, R. K.(1978)。An analysis of the relationship between the leadership style of university academic department heads and department organizational climate。  new window
4.Dean, D. L.(1986)。Comparison of self-perceived leadership styles of women in higher education and non-education management。  new window
5.Engbretson, C. J.(1986)。An analysis of leadership behavior of division chairpersons in Wyoming Community Colleges。  new window
6.Hassan, A. R.(1985)。Leadership behavior of physical education department heads in Egypt。  new window
7.Johnson, K. A.(1982)。The perceived real and ideal leader behavior of selected male and female department heads of physical education in colleges and universities。  new window
8.Kamouna, F. A.(1985)。An analysis of administrative leadership behavior and authority in the physical education departments in colleges and universities in the United States。  new window
9.Knight, W. H.(1983)。Consideration, initiating structure, and faculty perceptions of the performance of selected university and college department chairpersons/heads。  new window
10.Landfair, J. Y.(1985)。A comparative study of leadership styles of women administrators in institutions of higher education and corporate business。  new window
11.Ortyoyande, J. H.(1984)。The relationship between demographic factors and leader behavior of department chairpersons of colleges of education in Michigan。  new window
12.Powers, D. D.(1973)。The relationship between faculty morale and perceived leader behavior of department chairmen at a Florida metropolitan community college。  new window
圖書論文
1.Daniel, J. V.(1975)。Faculty job satisfaction in physical education and athletics。Administrative theories and practice in physical education and athletics。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey：Prentice-Hall。  new window
2.Roach, C. F.、Behling, O.(1984)。Functionalism; Basis for an alternate approach to the study of leadership。Leaders and managers; international perspectives on managerial behavior and leadership。Elmsford, NY：Pergamon Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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