當前是全球化與科技化的新時代，面臨新世紀的新挑戰，各國政府無不卯足全力加速推動行政革新、政府再造、組織重組及員額精簡等工作，以提升競爭優勢。因此，學校體育不能，也無法置外於此波政府再造的風潮。本文即在簡述此一過程當中，中央與地方政府、官僚體系、民間社會的權力互動情況。當然，有關文化因素也是學校體育造成能否落實之關鍵因素，所以，亦是內文探究之面向之一。藉由本文四個面向之探討後希望指出：假若我們要提升學校體育之「績效」與「競爭力」，在邁向二十一世紀之際，學校體育再造已是必然選擇。而學校體育的生命力與競爭力，等於是我們現在的努力；學校體育到底是要「向上提升」抑是「向下沈淪」也取決於我們是否落實學校體育再造。

In the new era of globalization and modern technology and facing the new challenges of the new era, every country uses its besrte efforts to speed up the progress of administration reform, government reengineering, organization restructuring and staff streamlining so as to improve its competitive advantages. Whereas school physical education shall not, and cannot, disregard the upheaval of government reengineering. This document means to describe the interaction of power among central and local governments, bureaucratic system and public society. Of course, related cultural factors are also vital to the implementation of school physical education reengineering and, therefore, will be one of the aspects to be discussed in this document. After investigating the four aspects discussed in this document, it is hoped to pont out that reengineering of school physical education has become a compulsory selection in the 2st century if we are to promote the “performance” and “competitiveness” of school physical education are in fact the efforts we make now. Whether school physical education are “lifting up” or “going down” depends solely on the practice of school physical education reengineering.