目的：本研究旨在分類受刑人為併有與不併有反社會人格障礙者，並排除年齡、 智力、腦傷、重大精神病及機構化程度等干擾變項後，比較他們在腦額葉執行功能上的差異 。方法：依據DSM-IV的準則，採用診斷晤談方式從臺南監獄男性受刑人中篩選出符合反社會 人格障礙者78位，不具有反社會人格障礙者80位、以及來自社區的正常男性志願者41位；同 時排除具有重大精神病、潛在性腦傷、智能障礙及犯罪史後，施測威斯康辛卡片分類測驗（ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test，WCST）、叫色測驗、及序列搜尋測驗。結果：在控制年齡 變項下，非反社會人格障礙受刑人組在WCST的持續型反應數、持續型錯誤數、以及持續型錯 誤數的百分比上均顯著地高於社區正常組；但反社會人格障礙受刑人組與社區正常組間，以 及受刑人二組間在這四個得分上則無顯著差異。另外，三組在叫色測驗和序列搜尋測驗之指 標分數上都無顯著的差異。結論：本研究發現排除低智能、精神病及腦傷等因素後，依DSM- IV所診斷之非反社會人格障礙受刑人在WCST的持續型因素上得分較高，此結果可能是因其對 懲罰性訊息的敏感度較低所致，此假設有待進一步驗證。

　　　　　Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the executive function of the frontal lobe for male inmates diagnosed with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and male controls, using DSM-IV criteria , controlling for age, intelligence, education, brain damage, institutionalization, and psychosis. Methods: Firstly, the Chinese Version of the Personality Questionnaire was used to screen cases for ASPDs. Secondly, Raven's Color Progressive Matrices (CPM), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Screening Test were used to exclude individuals with mental retardation and organic mental disorders. Finally, a dignostic interview was performed for all subjects using the MSADS-L to obtain DSM-IV diagnoses. In total, 158 inmates were enrolled in the study, including 78 diagnosed with ASPD and 80 without. Forty-one healthy males were recruited from the community as controls. The WCST, TMT, and Stroop Test were administered to all subjects. ANCOVA was used to statistically exclude the effects of age. Results: Comparing the three groups, significant differences were determined for perseverative responses, perseverative errors, and percentage of perseverative errors, with post hoc comparisons revealing higher values for these three dimensions for the non-ASPD group, compared to controls. No significant differences were determined, however, comparing the ASPD and non-ASPD groups, and the ASPD and control groups. Further, no differences were demonstrated comparing the TMT and Stroop Test index scores for the three groups. Conclusions: A higher WCST perseveration index was determined for non-ASPD inmates compared to controls, suggesting that non-ASPD inmates may be insensitive to feedback cues which serve to delineate wrong from right. We propose that further investigation to explore this hypothesis may be appropriate. (Full Text in Chinese)