This paper is aimed to examine contemporary Chinese military thinking. There are four dimensions: the evolution of nuclear strategy, naval development, militant nationalism and the military thinking of Deng Xiaoping, which will be separately analyzed. Firstly, I will discuss how the Chinese evolve their nuclear strategy from a Soviet dependent to a nuclear power in Asia. Secondly, from the late Qing Dynasty, naval defeatism has always been the nightmare to the Chinese military. The Communists apparently have paid much attention to naval renaissance in order to get rid of this mental obsession. Thirdly, military nationalism seems to play an important role in the decision-making process of the Chinese military and political elite. Taiwan issue will be particularly raised here. Finally, Deng xiaoping's military thinking will be carefully assessed although he is deeply influenced by Mao Zedong, Hopefully, this paper will make some contributions to this period.