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題名：災難與政治--九二一地震中的集體行為與災變情境的治理
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：湯京平 引用關係／蔡允棟 引用關係／黃紀 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tang, Ching-ping／Tsai, Yun-tung／Huang, Chi
出版日期：2002
卷期：16
頁次：頁137-161
主題關鍵詞：集體行為；咎責；情境定義；志工主義；共識性危機；緊急規範；災難管理；Collective behavior；Definition of situation；Blame assignment；Volunteerism；Consensus crisis；Emergent norms；Disaster management
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(19) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:19
  • 共同引用共同引用:45
  • 點閱點閱:65
　　　　　九二一地震之後，我國救災體系的效能已引發熱烈的討論。當議論多聚焦於政府管理體系的缺失，本文嘗試以集體行為理論為架構，更深入地討論影響社會體系回應災變的深層結構性因素，並據以解釋災變治理上的問題。災變情境後同時產生災區內災民的集體行為與災區外利他性的集體行為。兩類集體行為在災區匯流，形成複雜的治理情境，超越理性官僚管理的範疇。因為治理該情境牽動既有利益的重新分配，甚至觸發社會變遷，故不只需要有效的行政管理以降低生命財產的損失，更大的挑戰乃是整個社會經濟體系的治理，以因應驟然產生的人力、物資供應與需求超載現象，以及對於政府介入分配結果的認同。在此治理工作上，以權力為核心的利益分配以及政治領導人的意圖，將無可避免地成為災變情境的活動主軸。因此，如何將救災的公益與政治人物的私利結合，遂成為有效治理的關鍵。
　　　　　Following the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake of Taiwan there emerged two strands of collective behaviors: situation definition by victims and convergence of philanthropic assistance by non-victims. By adopting a social constructionist approach and the continuality principle, this paper examines the role of politics in governing the emergency. While a natural disaster can be understood as an extreme scenario with simultaneous demand and supply (labor and material resources) overloads in a given socio-political systems, that system needs not only an efficient administrative system to address the problems associating with the sudden external shock, but also a wise distribution of the huge resources. The latter, however, involves power and private incentives and is political by nature.
期刊論文
1.孫志鴻、朱子豪、蔡博文、林峰田、王聖銘、詹仕堅、謝奇峰(20000500)。災害管理決策支援系統之研究。中央警察大學災害防救學報，1，1-28。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.唐雲明(20000500)。災害搶救與危機管理--921震災檢討。中央警察大學災害防救學報，1，29-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.陳杏枝(20000100)。九二一地震後「將有大地震來臨」的民間謠言之初探。臺灣宗教學會通訊，4，97-109。  延伸查詢new window
4.萬育維、吳宛育(20000600)。從資源動員的角度談慈濟九二一救災作為。社區發展，90，127-134。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Dombrowsky, W.(1983)。Solidarity during Snow-disasters。International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters，1，189-205。  new window
6.呂和樹、林元祥(20000500)。臺灣地區防救災機關及其指揮系統之調查研究--臺北縣市、嘉義縣市實證研究。中央警察大學災害防救學報，1，263-294。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.李宗勳(20000100)。我國緊急救災體系整建及運作功能之探討--以九二一地震為研究對象。公共行政學報，4，323-362。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.連經宇(20000900)。我國建立災害防救管理體系之初探研究。理論與政策，14(3)=55，137-157。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.陳弘毅(20000600)。九二一地震災情及防災體系運作情形。研考雙月刊，24(3)=217，59-64。  延伸查詢new window
10.臧國仁、鍾蔚文(20000100)。災難事件與媒體報導：相關研究簡述。新聞學研究，62，143-151。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Schneider, S.(1992)。Governmental Response to Disasters: The Conflict Between Bureaucratic Procedures and Emergent Norms。Public Administration Review，52(2)，135-145。  new window
12.Quarantelli, E.、Dynes, R.(1976)。Community Conflict: Its Absence and Its Presence in Natural Disasters。Mass Emergencies，1，139-152。  new window
13.Kreps, G.、Drabek, T.(1996)。Disasters are Nonroutine Social Problems。International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters，14(2)，129-153。  new window
14.何明錦、蔡綽芳(2001)。從九二一地震災後探討我國都市防災規劃與改善對策。研考雙月刊，25(2)，87-96。  延伸查詢new window
15.林宜君(2000)。從九二一震災探討我國救災通訊系統之問題。中央警察大學災害防救學報，1，125-158。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.張國城(1999)。從九二一震災檢討國軍危機處理動員機制。新世紀智庫論壇，8，31-36。  延伸查詢new window
17.蔣本基(2000)。九二一震災對環保問題探討及因應。工程：中國工程師學會會刊，73(9)，49-52。  延伸查詢new window
18.Comfort, Louise K.(2000)。臺灣集集大地震後組織系統之反應運作。中國工程學刊，23(4)，479-492。  延伸查詢new window
19.Lois, J.(1999)。Socialization to Heroism: Individualism and Collectivism in a Voluntary Search and Rescue Group。Social Psychology Quarterly，62(2)，117-135。  new window
20.Olson, R. S.(2000)。Toward a Politics of Disaster: Losses, Values, Agendas, and Blame。International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters，18(2)，265-287。  new window
21.Gilbert, C.(1995)。Studying Disaster: A Review of the Main Conceptual Tools。International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters，13，231-240。  new window
圖書
1.Drabek, Thomas E.(1986)。Human System Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Findings。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Dynes, Russell H.(1970)。Organized Behavior in Disaster。Lexington, MA：Lexington Books。  new window
3.Hewitt, Kenneth(1998)。Excluded perspectives in the social construction of disaster。What is a Disaster?。London：Routledge。  new window
4.王正一(2000)。為何他們存活?。臺北市：健行文化。  延伸查詢new window
5.Turner, Ralph H.、Killian, Lewis M.(1987)。Collective Behavior。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall College。  new window
6.McPhail, C.(1991)。The Myth of the Madding Crowd。NY：Aldine De Gruyter。  new window
7.行政院研究發展考核委員會(2000)。臺灣生命力的再生：九二一大地震紀實。臺中市：晨星出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.丘昌泰(2000)。災難管理學。臺北：元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.Moe, Terry M.(1980)。The Organization of Interests: Incentives and the Internal Dynamics of Political Interest Groups。Chicago, IL：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
10.林義男(1991)。社會學詞彙。臺北：巨流圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
11.Kreps, G.(1994)。Disaster Archives and Structural Analysis: Uses and Limitations。Disaster, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization。Newark, DE。  new window
12.(1993)。Collective Behavior & Social Movements。Collective Behavior & Social Movements。Boston, MA。  new window
13.Wegner, D.、James, T.、Faupel, C.(1980)。Disaster Beliefs and Emergency Planning。Disaster Beliefs and Emergency Planning。Newark, DE。  new window
14.Wegner, D.、James, T.(1994)。The Convergence of Volunteers in a Consensus Crisis: The Case of the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake。Disaster, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization。Newark, DE。  new window
15.Stallings, R.(1994)。Collective Behavior Theory and the Study of Mass Hysteria。Disaster, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization。Newark, DE。  new window
16.Rosenthal, U.(1998)。Future Disasters, Future Definitions。What is a Disaster? Perspectives on Question。London, UK。  new window
17.Quarantelli, E.(1998)。Epilogue: Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go。What is a Disaster? Perspectives on Question。London, UK。  new window
18.Quarantelli, E.(1983)。Delivery of Emergency Medical Services in Disasters: Assumptions and Realities。Delivery of Emergency Medical Services in Disasters: Assumptions and Realities。Newark, DE。  new window
19.Porfiriev, Boris N.(1998)。Issues in the Definition and Delineation of Disasters and Disaster Areas。What is a Disaster? Perspectives on Question。London, UK。  new window
20.Harris, S.(1990)。Agents of Chaos。Agents of Chaos。Missoula, MT。  new window
21.Dynes, R.、Tierney, K.、Fritz, C.(1994)。Foreword: The Emergence and Importance of Social Organization: The Contributions of Enrico L. Quarantelli。Disaster, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization。Newark, DE。  new window
22.Dymon, U.、Platt, R.(1999)。U. S. Federal Disaster Declarations: A Geographical Analysis。Disasters and Democracy: The Politics of Extreme Natural Events。Covelo, CA。  new window
23.張炳榮(2000)。世界各國救援。九二一集集大地震救災紀實（下）。南投縣南投市。  延伸查詢new window
24.林金田(2000)。引言。九二一集集大地震救災紀實（上）。南投縣南投市。  延伸查詢new window
25.Kreps, G.(1998)。Disaster as a Systemic Event and Social Catalyst。What is a Disaster? Perspectives on Question。London, UK。  new window
26.Stallings, R.(1978)。The Structural Patterns of Four Types of Organizations in Disaster。Disasters: Theory and Research。Beverly Hills, CA。  new window
27.Stallings, R.(1998)。Disaster and the Theory of Social Order。What is a Disaster? Perspectives on Question。London, UK。  new window
28.Quarantelli, E.(1970)。Emergent Accommodation Groups: Beyond Current Collective Behavior Typologies。Human Nature and Collective Behavior。Englewood Cliffs, NJ。  new window
29.(1994)。Disasters, Collective Behavior, & Social Organization。Disasters, Collective Behavior, & Social Organization。Newark, NJ。  new window
30.張建興(2000)。政府災害防救體系。九二一集集大地震救災紀實（上）。南投縣南投市。  延伸查詢new window
31.汪士淳(2000)。國軍救災如作戰。第一時間：慈濟、國軍、北市府、臺積電九二一危機應變實錄。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
32.Mileti, D. S.、Drabek, T. E.、Haas, J. E.(1975)。Human Systems in Extreme Environments: A Sociological Perspective。Human Systems in Extreme Environments: A Sociological Perspective。Boulder, CO：Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado。  new window
圖書論文
1.梁玉芳(2000)。慈濟聞聲救苦。第一時間：慈濟、國軍、北市府、台積電921危機應變實錄。台北：天下文化。  延伸查詢new window
2.Turner, R.(1994)。Rumor as Intensified Information Seeking: Earthquake Rumors in China and the Unites States。Disaster, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization。Newark, DE：University of Delaware Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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