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題名：運動員主客觀成敗對其歸因差異之研究--以九十學年度大專運動會桌球賽選手為例
書刊名：大專體育學刊
作者：邱秀霞 引用關係／盧俊宏 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chiou, Shiow-shya／Lu, Jing-horng
出版日期：2002
卷期：4:2
頁次：頁55-65
主題關鍵詞：主客觀成敗；自我加強歸因；成敗歸因；Subjective outcome；Self-enhancing attribution；Causal attribution
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:34
本研究主要目的在探討運動員主客觀成敗對其歸因差異的研究。本研究是以參加中華民國九十學年度大專運動會桌球賽選手為受試對象，其中男生94人，女生69人，合計163人，平均年齡21.43(±3.16)歲。研究工具為盧俊宏以McAuley和Duncan的Causal Dimension Scale-Ⅱ 修訂為目前使用之CDS-Ⅱ因果歸因向度量表，作為本研究問卷量表；資料處理以平均數、標準差、卡方考驗、獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析。研究結果如下：（一）客觀勝/負對主觀成功/失敗，經次數分配百分比卡方考驗達顯著水準(X^2=45.10l)。（二）客觀勝/負與因果歸因向度之間的差異，在因果根源、內在控制及個人控制三個因素之間差異沒有達顯著水準，在「穩定性」此因素，客觀勝與負之間差異達顯著水準，以平均數來看，客觀勝者較客觀負者歸因於穩定的因素為多。（三）主觀成功/失敗與因果歸因向度之間的差異，在因果根源、內在控制及個人控制三個因素之間差異沒有達顯著水準，而在「穩定性」因素，主觀成功者與主觀失敗者之問差異達顯著水準，以平均數來看，成功者較失敗者歸因於穩定的因素。本研究發現，主觀成敗與客觀勝負對因果歸因向度之差異，都以「穩定性」因素差異達顯著水準，可見所有成功者的歸因型態皆屬於「自我加強策略」型態。此項結果和過去歸因研究如Weary與Fontaine的研究類似。本研究結論指出運動競賽成敗知覺與歸因方向為影響運動員動機之主要因素，未來研究者可再探索更多影響成敗歸因的人格與社會因素進行歸因研究。
The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of objective and subjective success and failure on causal attributions. This study recruited 163 intercollegiate athletes (males=94; females=69) with mean age of 21.43(± 3.16), who competed in 2002 Intercollegiate Sports Event. Participants completed demographic data questionnaire, Causal Dimension Scale II (CDS-II; McAuley, Duncan, & Russell), and reported their subjective and objective competition outcome the Statistical analyses found that 1) there was a significant difference between objective success or failure and subjective success or failure (x^2=45.101); 2) there’s no difference of causal attribution on the subscales of locus of control, internal control, and external control between objective success and objective failure. However, on the subscale of stability, there’s a significant difference between objective success and objective failure. And the succeed ones attributed more to stability than the failed ones; 3) there’s no difference of causal attribution on the subscales of locus of control, internal control, and external control between subjective success and subjective failure. However, on the subscale of stability, there’s a difference between subjective success and subjective failure. And the succeed ones attributed more to stability than the failed ones. Thus, this study concluded that both perceived success or failure and causal attributions might be the major factors that influence athletes’ attribution and motivation. Moreover, it’s suggested that researchers should explore more about personality and social factors of causal attributions.
期刊論文
1.McAuley, E.、Gross, J. B.(1983)。Perceptions of causality in sport: An application of the Causal Dimension Scale。Journal of Sport Psychology，5，72-76。  new window
2.葉正(1990)。運動競賽成敗歸因與情緒反應。台大體育，17，31-41。  延伸查詢new window
3.Bradley, G. W.(1978)。Self-serving bias in the attribution process: A re-examination of the fact or fiction question。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，36，56-71。  new window
4.Dweck, C. S.(1986)。Motivational processes affect learning。American Psychologist，41，1040-1048。  new window
5.Fontaine, C.(1974)。Social comparison and some determinants of expected personal control and expected performance in a novel task situation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，22，487-496。  new window
6.McAuley, E.(1985)。Modeling and self-efficacy: A test of Bandura’s model。Journal of Sport Psychology，7，283-295。  new window
7.McAuley, E.、Russell, D.、Gross, J. B.(1983)。Affective consequences of winning and losing: An attributional analysis。Journal of Sport Psychology，5(3)，278-287。  new window
8.McAuley, E.、Duncan, T. E.、Russell, D. W.(1993)。Measuring causal attributions: The revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II behavior in middle-aged adults)。Journal of Behavioral Medicine，15(1)，65-84。  new window
9.Roberts, G. C.(1975)。Win-loss causal attribution of Little League layers。Movement，7，325-322。  new window
10.Vallerand, R. J.、Richer, F.(1988)。On the use of the causal dimension scale in a field setting: A test with confirmatory factor analysis in success and failure situations。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，54，704-712。  new window
11.Weary, G.(1979)。Self-serving attributional bias: Perceptual or response distortions?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，37，1418-1420。  new window
12.Weinberg, R. S.、Jackson, A.(1979)。Competition of extrinsic rewards: Effect of intrinsic motivation and attribution。Research Quarterly，50，494-502。  new window
13.Russell, D.(1982)。The Causal Dimension Scale: A measure of how individuals perceive causes。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，42，1137-1145。  new window
14.Weiner, B.(1985)。An Attribution Theory of Achievement Motivation and Emotion。Psychological Review，92(4)，548-573。  new window
15.Spink, K. S.、Roberts, G. C.(1980)。Ambiguity of outcome and causal attributions。Journal of Sport Psychology，2(3)，237-244。  new window
學位論文
1.Lu, J. H.(1998)。Self-efficacy, competition outcome, and causal Attributions in sport(碩士論文)。University of North Carolina，Greenaboro。  new window
2.王雅萱(1998)。目標取向與輸贏、成敗知覺對羽球選手比賽成敗歸因之影響(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。  延伸查詢new window
3.彭文蓉(1995)。不同運動目標取向的成敗歸因及其對情緒反應的影響(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Atkinson, J. W.(1964)。An introduction to motivation。New York：D, Van Nostrand Company。  new window
2.Weiner, B.(1986)。Human motivation。Hillsdale, N. J.：Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.McClelland, D. C.(1961)。The achieving society。New York：Free Press。  new window
4.王保進(1999)。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。臺北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Heider, Fritz(1958)。The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
圖書論文
1.盧居福(1989)。運動員之競賽成敗歸因與成就期望、學習行為及能力知覺的關係之探討。運動心理學論文集。臺北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Duda, J. L.(1993)。Motivation in sport settings: A goal perspective analysis。Motivation in sport and exercise。Champaign, IL：Human Kinetics。  new window
3.McAuley, E.、Gross, J. B.(1983)。Perceptions of causality in sport。Sport psychology: The psychological health of athlete。New York：PM A Publishing Co。  new window
4.Maehr, M. L.、Nicholls, J. G.(1980)。Culture and achievement motivation: A second look。Studies in cross-cultural psychology。New York：Academic Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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