長期規律適度運動可以促進免疫功能，維護身體健康。過度運動則會引起人體免疫抑制的現象，對人體健康可能會有不利的影響。本研究的目的在比較十公里跑步前後大學男生週邊血液中各類免疫細胞數量是否差異，用以評估十公里對人體免疫功能之影響。40位大學男生為自願受試者，血液樣本分別在跑步前一天的6:20am、7:40am、10:40am、13:4pm、跑步前10分鐘、跑步後0分鐘、跑步後3小時、跑步後6小時，及跑步後24小時採集，每次各抽取5ml。跑步時間為6:30am，血液樣本於24小時內經去除紅血球等處理後，加入螢光標記單株抗體，利用流式細胞分析儀計算各類免疫細胞數量。結果顯示顆粒白血球在十公里跑步後的3小時、6小時、24小時顯著增加，自然殺手細胞則只有在跑步後0分鐘時顯著增加。相反的，淋巴細胞及單核細胞則分別在跑步後3小時、6小時顯著減少。 所有免疫細胞數量的改變跑步後除顆粒白血球仍然維持增加的現象外，其餘各類免疫細胞於24小時恢復正常。依上述結果觀察所得，本研究結論：十公里跑步活動對大學男生免疫功能之負面影響在24小時內即恢復正常，應不致引起嚴重的健康問題，不過免疫細胞運動後改變機制及意義尚待釐清。

Moderate exercise enhances immunity and may maintain healthy body. Overtraining induces immunosuppression, and may pose negative impact on health. The purposes of this study were to investigate the acute impact on immune function of male college students after a 1 0-km race. Forty healthy volunteered male college students were recruited in this study. Blood samples were drawn at 6:20am, 7:40 am, 10:40 am, 13:40 am the day before the race and 10 minutes before, immediately, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after the race from subjects’ forearm veins. Immune cells were labeled with fluorescent monoclonal antibody and analyzed using flow cytometer. Compared with the relative time point the day before the race, the granulocytes were significantly increased at 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after the race. Natural killer cells were significantly increased right after the race. Lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased at 3 hours and 6 hours after the race. All acute changes of immune cells were recovered by 24 hours after the race except granulocytes. According to the results, we conclude that the negative impact on immune function after the 10-km race would not cause any severe health problems on the male college students. However, the mechanism and implication of the acute change of immune cells subpopulations after exercise are worth further exploration.