本文之目的在於透過戶籍人口與普查人口的比較以評價2000年戶口普查的結果，本文的分析結果發現在分別扣除外籍人口與出國三個月以上人口後。普查所得人口比戶籍登記人口少157，516人，佔戶籍人，口之0.7%。以整體人口而言，差異微小。 但是小行政區域如鄉鎮，乃至於縣市，受到制度變更與工業化與都市化的衝擊，日積月累，使得普查與戶籍人口之組成產生不小的實質差異。以性別而言，男性普查人口少於戶籍人口414，665人。女性則是普查人口比戶籍人口多出572，181人。前者，所反應的主要是制度上的問題，後者則是都市化的影響。性別與年齡同時觀察時兩性之作，用方向大致仍然相反，而某些年齡組的差異更加顯著。年輕男性普查人口比戶籍人口多出5.0%至8.0%'這些人多數未婚。而已婚人口差異更小。這些差異主要是工業化與都市化透過就學、就業與兵役所產生。 教育組成方面，國中、國小兩種教育程度因制度因素使得普查與戶籍人口差異都在76%以上。

This paper aims to evaluate the results of Taiwan Census 2000, comparing its census and registered populations. A close analysis has shown that when the number of aliens and people who were outside of the country for 3 months or more are exc1uded respectively, the number of people surveyed in the census was 157,716 less than the registered population. This accounts for a difference of only 0.7% of the registered population. . However, smaller local administrative units such as townships, counties and cities, impacted by constant institutional changes, Industrialization and urbanization, have seen quite substantial differentials between the census and registered populations. The number of males in the census, for example, is 414,665 less than the registered population. At the same time the number of females in the census is 572,181 more than the registered population. The former reflects the resu1ts of institutional changes while the latter impacts of urbanization. Nonetheless, when gender and age are controlled simultaneously, the direction of ,differences between genders remains unchanged. Nevertheless, the ,differences between genders have increased for some age groups －the young male census population is 5 to 8% greater than the registered population with most young males being single. Among those who are married, the differences between the census and registered populations ,are smaller. These differences are mainly due to the impacts of urbanization, education, employment, and national service. Final1y, in terms of ,educational composition between the two populations, institutional changes have seen their differences as high as 76% or more at both primary and junior high school levels.