本研究以實驗法探討面對動態複雜問題的情境下，運用團隊學習方法（ 魔鬼擁護法與深度匯談法）與個人學習方法去學習動態系統知識成效差異為何？也探討兩種團隊學習方法的成效是否有優劣之分？以及其成本與限制。本研究發現在面對動態複雜的問題時，使用有效的團隊學習方法，比之於個人學習使決策與學習績效明顯的提昇，在某些情況下不但能產生單環學習，改善決策行為，更能進一步產生雙環學習，改善指導決策行為的策略。但是兩種團隊學習的方式都比個人學習方式耗費多出很多決策學習時間，而且在特定狀況下與個人學習一樣無法產生雙環學習。至於兩種方法的比較，深度匯談法比魔鬼擁護法在決策績效上有較佳的表現，學習績效上則略佳，顯示進反思與探詢的方法會優於將認知衝突正式化的方法。

　　　　　The present study compared individual learning approach with group learning approaches on the effectiveness of learning and managing dynamically complex systems by laboratory experiment. Two group-based learning approaches, DA and DL, were compared further to examine their effectiveness and limits. The results demonstrated that group-based approaches were superior to individual approach on decision and learning performance. Subject groups produced single and double loop learning by use of DA and DL approaches to improve decision behaviors and strategies. Individual subjects could only produce single loop learning to correct decision behavior. However, groups utilizing DA and DL took longer to finish decisions that individual and failed to learn appropriate strategies as individual subjects did in some situations. In terms of the comparison between DA and DL, DL groups gained better decision performance and marginally better learning performance than DA groups. The results indicated that methods emphasizing on reflection and inquiry were superior to that emphasizing on formalizing cognitive conflicts.