本文旨在說明兩位社會學者，帕深思和盧曼的社會變遷與演化觀，並由其各自的理論脈絡來分析兩者之異同。本文第一部分首先區分帕深思的早期與晚期思想，說明他的社會變遷與演化論點，尤其是他後期的思想中，嘗試處理歷史性的、比較性的社會變動問題。第二部分說明盧曼的演化觀，指出他雖然繼承了生物類比式的演化觀，但其在系統理論中更加強調分化與溝通的概念，使他比帕深思更能給予演化觀較為豐富的意涵。第三部分則基於他們各自理論的基本取向與關懷，探究兩人的差異，並特別著重由於帕深思較重視價值與文化，而盧曼重視溝通過程，所造成的差別。最後，本文概略檢討有關社會演化理論的批評與辯護，並探查盧曼的新發展能否逃脫這些批評。

The purpose of this article is to illustrate theories of social change and social evolution of two sociologists, T. Parsons and N. Luhmann. The author tries to examine the similarity and difference between these two structural functionist perspectives in their respective theoretical contexts. The first part of this article divides T. Parsons' theory into the early period and the later one to explain his theory of social change and evolution, especially his thoughts on comparative study of historical social changes in his later period. The second part interprets N. Luhmann's concept of evolution, showing that even though he inherited biological concept of evolution, but the way he tried to refine system theory with concepts of differentiation and communication enriched the significance of evolution theory more than T. Parsons did. The third part then explores the difference between them. The author argues that the main difference derived from their respective theoretical emphasis that Parsons paid more attention to value and culture while Luhmann concerned communicative process. Lastly, the author reviews some critique and defense about functional theory of social evolution, inquiring whether Luhmann's new development could avoid these critique.