目的：探討門診使用Haloperidol或Risperidone治療之精神分裂症病患其錐體外症狀、認知功能與醫療經濟成本之差異。 方法：採自然性研究方法，收集Haloperidol治療個案32人（簡稱H組），Risperidone 治療個案40人（簡稱R組），比較兩組病人在基本智力（SPM）、精神症狀（PANSS）、錐體外症狀（ESRS）、認知功能（WCST 、CPT）之得分、Trihexylphenidyl使用劑量以及直接與間接醫療經濟成本之差異。 結果：R組SPM的分數顯著較H組高，兩組在PANSS、WCST與CPT得分無差別。雖然R組在ESRS的分數較低（p=.12），且Trihexylphenidyl使用劑量也較H 組低（p=.08），但均未達統計顯著。不過R組醫療經濟成本明顯較H組高。 結論：慢性精神分裂症患者使用Risperidone治療雖然經濟成本較高，但在錐體外症狀與抗膽鹼藥物使用劑量上，有症狀較輕與劑量較低的傾向，然未達統計顯著差異。兩組個案之認知功能無顯著差異。

　　　　　Objectives: This study compared extrapyramidal side effects and cognitive function in haloperidol- treated and risperidone-treated outpatients with chronic schizophrenia as well as the economic costs of these two treatments. Methods: Thirtytwo haloperidol-treated and 40 risperidone-treated patients (aged 18 to 65) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia received treatment with the same antipsychotic drug formore than one year, in a naturalistic outpatient clinic setting of 3 general hospitals were recruited. The differences of these two groups in scores of PANSS, ESRS, WCST, CPT, SPM, dosage of trihexylphenidyl, and economic costs were analyzed. Results: There were no differences in PANSS,WSCT and CPT scores between the two groups. Although the risperidone-treated group had a lower ESRS score (p=0.12) and a smaller dosage of trihexylphenidyl (p=0.08), these differences were not significant. The risperidone -treated group had significantly higher SPM score and economic costs. Conclusions: Risperidonetreated chronic schizophrenic patients had significantly higher economic cost, but had a lower tendency to develop extrapyramidal side effects and required a smaller dosage of trihexylphenidyl, although these trends were not significant. There were no differences incognitive function between risperidone-treated and haloperidol-treated patients.