資料載入處理中...
臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統
:::
網站導覽
國圖首頁
聯絡我們
操作說明
English
行動版
(3.16.79.65)
登入
字型:
**字體大小變更功能,需開啟瀏覽器的JAVASCRIPT,如您的瀏覽器不支援,
IE6請利用鍵盤按住ALT鍵 + V → X → (G)最大(L)較大(M)中(S)較小(A)小,來選擇適合您的文字大小,
如為IE7以上、Firefoxy或Chrome瀏覽器則可利用鍵盤 Ctrl + (+)放大 (-)縮小來改變字型大小。
來源文獻查詢
引文查詢
瀏覽查詢
作者權威檔
引用/點閱統計
我的研究室
資料庫說明
相關網站
來源文獻查詢
/
簡易查詢
/
查詢結果列表
/
詳目列表
:::
詳目顯示
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆
/1
頁
來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
探討傳統知識受專利制度保護之可行性
書刊名:
政大法學評論
作者:
陳文吟
作者(外文):
Chen, Wen-yin
出版日期:
2004
卷期:
78
頁次:
頁149-208
主題關鍵詞:
傳統知識
;
固有知識
;
民俗表現
;
傳統民族
;
原住民
;
專利制度
;
生物多樣性公約
;
TRIPs協定
;
遺傳資源
;
事前告知同意
;
先前技術
;
新穎性
;
進步性
;
產業上可利用性
;
WIPO
;
Traditional knowledge
;
Indigenous knowledge
;
Folklore expression
;
Traditional people
;
Indigenous people
;
Convention on biology diversity
;
TRIPs agreement
;
Patent system
;
Genetic resources
;
Prior informed consent
;
Prior art
;
Novelty
;
Inventive step
;
Sui generis
;
Utility
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
7
) 博士論文(
1
) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
7
共同引用:
53
點閱:192
生物科技的發展,使得一向為科學家們所忽視、甚至鄙視的傳統知識,逐漸受到青睞。研究人員發現利用遺傳資源研發遠較化學物質為經濟,亦不致如化學作用般產生環境污染的問題。是以,研究人員暨相關業者著手探索傳統知識與遺傳資源。研究人員暨相關業者主要來自於已開發國家,而傳統知識則多為開發中或落後國家居民的知識與技術,遺傳資源亦多為生長繁殖於後者所在區域。傳統知識除關乎當地居民 (尤以原住民居多)的權益,遺傳資源更因業者進入大肆採伐而影響環境生態,破壞生物的多樣性。 傳統知識係指特定地區的居民,因著地域、生態環境等客觀因素所衍生的知識,藉由世代傳承而得以延續;並隨著客觀環境的改變而異動。它,不等同於古老、落後或一成不變的知識。傳統知識涵蓋科學技術、人文、藝術等方面,其中,以科學與遺傳資源的利用關係最為密切,其利用結果又以取得專利權益之保護為首要考量。由此可窺知傳統知識與專利制度之關聯。然而,傳統知識必竟不同於西方科學,致使因應西方科學所制定的專利制度未能全然保護傳統知識。 開發中國家試圖就CBD、WTO的TRIPs協定及WIPO等國際性公約 (包括專利制度),達到保護傳統知識的目的,然而,充其量只得禁止他人申請專利,無從積極行使其權利。一向主張強化智慧財產權保護的己開發國家,如,美國等,卻未曾於前揭公約中支持傳統知識的保護,概因該等國家正係剽竊他國傳統知識的主要國家。 傳統知識並不宜列為專利保護客體,亦難以符合專利要件;況且,縱令賦予其專利權,亦有損於傳統知識的保存。傳統民族仍得藉由專利制度排除他人 (傳統民族以外主人) 利用傳統知識取得專利權;其方法有二:(一)將傳統知識列為不予專利保護之客體;(二)將傳統知識列為先前技術。令審查人員審查專利申請案時,得一併檢索審查其專利要件。此舉亦符合CBD、WTO的TRIPs協定 及WIPO之相關規定暨委員會建議。 單獨立法之必要性由此可見,以單獨立法保護傳統知識,應兼顧下列原則:避免法規的衝突,與專利法的協調,以及與國際公約的協調暨合作。立法內容應確保傳統知識持有者得據其權利禁止他人未經其同意的使用,就他人之侵害行為要求損害賠償;並要求合法之利用者,須將利用傳統知識所衍生之利益與傳統民族分享。進而藉由國際性公約及互惠協定,使各國間相互承認對方的傳統知識。 凡此,在兼採專利制度、國際公約及各國單獨立法規範的情況下,當可予傳統知識週延的保護。
以文找文
Traditional knowledge means knowledge possessed by people within a specific community. Though it is passed down from generation to generation, it does not become antiquated. It may be altered due for masons related to locality as well as the ecological. environment. It may be of a scientific technological or artistic nature, among others. This article concerns itself with scientific technology and the patent system. For decades, traditional knowledge has become increasingly important due to its being free from environmental pollution and its economic value. People who own traditional knowledge are from developing or least developed countries, while those who use traditional knowledge are from developed countries. Scientists from developed countries developed inventions by utilizing traditional knowledge and genetic resources; though they reaped profits from those invention patents, traditional people got none. Moreover, the ecological environment was destroyed, depriving traditional people lost of their genetic resources. Ironically, they might be forced to pay royalties to patentees from developed countries by using the latter's inventions, which were created from their traditional knowledge. Neem tree and turmeric are just two cases among many others. It is time for traditional people to defend their own traditional knowledge. Since 1980, developing as well as least developed countries have been seeking help from international organizations; none of them, however, including CBD, WTO's TRIPs Agreement and WIPO, is willing able to solve the problem independently. But, they may work together to prevent bio-piracy. The prerequisite is that each country, whether developed or developing, shall is to revise its patent system to exclude traditional knowledge from patentable subject matter and adopt traditional knowledge as a prior art. Though the patent system may be an ideal measure to protect innovations, it is a system designed for western science, which may not be appropriate for traditional knowledge. As mentioned, traditional knowledge may be listed as unpatentable subject matter, and as prior art, so that, the authorities may prevent others from obtaining patents by using traditional knowledge without prior informed consent. This would be the only function the patent system may provide for traditional knowledge, so, sui generis, it is necessary for the protection of traditional knowledge. It shall establish affirmative rights for the holder of traditional knowledge: holders may exclude others from using their traditional knowledge and genetic resources without prior informed consent; they may also require the equal sharing of interests, all those consenting and sharing shall be entered into a written contract. The establishment of a new law shall take into account the following considerations: to avoid any conflict with existing laws and coordinate it with the patent system and international conventions.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
陳文吟(200201)。由美國楝樹發明專利探討新穎性相關規定之合理性。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,31(1),249-288。
延伸查詢
2.
Ragavan, Srividhya(2001)。Protection of Traditional Knowledge。MINN. INTELL. PROP. REV.,2(1),27-32。
3.
Downes, David R.(2000)。How Intellectual Property Could Be a Tool to Protect Traditional Knowledge。Columbia Journal of Environmental Law,25,253-282。
4.
Jain, Meetali(1999)。Global Trade and the New Millennium: Defining the Scope of Intellectual Property Protection of Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge in India。HASTINGS INTERNATIONAL AND Comparative Law Review,22(4),777。
5.
Kuruk, Paul(1999)。Protecting Folklore Under Modern Intellectual Property Regimes: A Reappraisal of the Tensions Between Individual and Communal Rights in Africa and the United States。American University Law Review,48,769-849。
6.
Dutfield, Graham(2001)。TRIPS-related Aspects of Traditional Knowledge。Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law,33(2),233-245。
7.
Quinn, M.(2001)。Protection for Indigenous Knowledge: An International Law Analysis。St. Thomas Law Review,14。
8.
Ramani, R.(2001)。Market Realities v. Indigenous Equities。Brooklyn Journal of International Law,26。
9.
Sherwood, R.、Sherwood, R. M.(2000)。Human Creativity for Economic Development: Patents Propel Technology。Akron Law Review,33。
10.
Spier, V.(2001)。Finders' Keepers: The Dispute between Developed and Developing Countries over Ownership of Property Rights in Genetic Material。Widener Law Symposium Journal,7。
11.
徐源泰(1999)。生物多樣性,生物技術與生物產業。科學月刊,354。
延伸查詢
12.
陳文吟(1991)。GATT與智慧財產權之保護。工業財產權與標準,5-37。
延伸查詢
13.
陳文吟(1995)。TRIPs對各國專利制度之影響。工業財產權與標準,33,2-46。
延伸查詢
14.
陳文吟(1999)。由35 U.S.C. §287(c)之訂定探討人體治療方法之可專利性。智慧財產權,1,47-62。
延伸查詢
15.
Correa, C.(2001)。Public Health and Patent Legislation in Developing Countries。Tulane Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property,3。
16.
Gervais, D.(2002)。The Internationalization of Intellectual Property: New Challenges from the Very Old and the Very New。Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal,12。
17.
Gollin, M.、Laird, S.(1996)。Global Policies, Local Actions: The Role of National Legislation in Sustainable Biodiversity Prospecting。Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law,2。
18.
Halewood, Michael(1999)。Indigenous and Local Knowledge in International Law: A Preface to Sui Generis Intellectual Property Proection。McGill Law Journal,44。
19.
Hansen, H.(2002)。Global Intellectual Property Rights: Boundaries of Access and Enforcement: The Law and Policy of Protecting Folklore, Traditional Knowledge, and Genetic Resources。Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal,12。
20.
Hartnick, A.(2001)。The Emerging Protection of Traditional Knowledge。New York Law Journal,3。
21.
Holwick, Scott(1999)。Trade and the Environment: Developing Nations and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights。Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy,49。
22.
Jacoby, C.、Weiss, C.(1997)。Recognizing Property Rights in Traditional Biocultural Contribution。Stanford Environmental Law Journal,16。
23.
Kremers, N.(2003)。They Fought It First - Indigenous Peoples Push to Protect Their Traditional Knowledge, Genetic Resources, and Folklore。Legal Times。
24.
Kruger, M.。Harmonizing TRIPs and CBD: A Propsal from India。Minnesota Journal of Global Trade,10。
25.
McCabe, K.(1998)。The January 1999 Review of Article 27 of the TRIPs Agreement: Diverging Views of Developed and Developing Countries Toward the Patentability of Biotechnology。Journal of Intellectual Property Law,6。
26.
McClellan, T.(2001)。The Role of International Law in Protecting the Traditional Knowledge and Plant Life of Indigenous Peoples。Wisconsin International Law Journal,19。
27.
Mgbeoji, I.(2001)。Patents and Traditional Knowledge of the Uses of Plants: Is a Communal Patent Regime Part of the Solution to the Scourge of Bio Piracy?。Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies,9(1)。
28.
Muller, A. C. A.、Pereira, N.、Antunes, A. M.(2002)。Protecting Biotechnological Inventions in Brazil and Abroad: Draft, Scope and Interpretation of Claims。Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology,13。
會議論文
1.
(2000)。Matters Concerning Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore。沒有紀錄。
2.
World Intellectual Property Organization。The Protection of Traditional Knowledge, Including Expressions of Folklore。沒有紀錄。
3.
郭華仁(2000)。原住民的植物遺傳資源權與傳統知識權。0。
延伸查詢
4.
Convention on Biological Diversity(2002)。Ad Hoc Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on Article 8(j) and Related Provissions of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Assessment of the Effectiveness of Existing Substantial, National and International Instruments, Particularly Intellectual P。沒有紀錄。
圖書
1.
Watal, Jayashree(2001)。Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries。Kluwer。
2.
陳文吟(2002)。我國專利制度之研究。我國專利制度之研究。臺北市。
延伸查詢
3.
Gadlaw, R. Michael、Richards, Timolhy(1998)。Intellectual Property Rights: Global Consensus, Global Conflict?。
其他
1.
Obomsawin, R.。Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Development,沒有紀錄。
2.
(1997)。Signposts to Sui Generis Rights: International Seminar on Sui Generis Rights,0。
3.
TRIPs and the Biodiversity Convention: What Conflict?,沒有紀錄。
4.
World Intellectual Property Organization(2003)。Accreditation of Certain Organizations,沒有紀錄。
5.
World Intellectual Property Organization。General Information,沒有紀錄。
6.
World Intellectual Property Organization(2002)。IGC Moves Ahead on Traditional Knowledge Protection,沒有紀錄。
7.
World Intellectual Property Organization。Press Release PR/2002/335: IGC Makes Headway in Clarifying Ip Aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expression,沒有紀錄。
8.
World Intellectual Property Organization(1998)。Summary, Reflections and Conclusions, WIPO Draft Report on Fact-Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge,沒有紀錄。
9.
World Intellectual Property Organization(2003)。WIPO Draft Agenda,沒有紀錄。
10.
World Intellectual Property Organization。WIPO Global Issues: Traditional Knowledge,沒有紀錄。
11.
World Intellectual Property Organization。WIPO Global Issues: Traditional Knowledge - Contracts Databases,沒有紀錄。
12.
World Intellectual Property Organization。WIPO Global Issues: Traditional Knowledge - Portal of Online Databases,沒有紀錄。
13.
World Intellectual Property Organization。WIPO International Forum on 'Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge': Our Identity, Our Future. Information Note on Traditional Knowledge,沒有紀錄。
14.
World Band。Indigenous Knowledge for Development, A Framework for Action by World Bank,沒有紀錄。
15.
World Band。Indigenous Knowledge for Development 2,沒有紀錄。
16.
WTO(2001)。Doha WTO Minerial 2001: Minerial Declaration,沒有紀錄。
17.
(2002)。Special Committee Q166-Intellectual Property Rights and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore,沒有紀錄。
18.
About Indigenous Knowledge,0。
19.
Protecting Traditional Knowledge: Why It Is Important,沒有紀錄。
20.
Convention on Biological Diversity(2000)。Ad Hoc Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on Article 8(j) and Related Provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity,沒有紀錄。
21.
Convention on Biological Diversity(2002)。Article 8 (j): Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices, Introduction,沒有紀錄。
22.
Convention on Biological Diversity。Decision VI/10 - Article 8(j) and Related Provisions,沒有紀錄。
23.
Convention on Biological Diversity。Introduction, Article 8(j): Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices,沒有紀錄。
24.
Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat(2002)。Biodiversity Meeting Seeks Ways to Preserve Traditional Knowledge,沒有紀錄。
25.
Correa, C.。Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property,沒有紀錄。
26.
Gupta, A.。Building Upon What Poor are Rich In: Honey Bee Network Linking Grassroots Innovations, Enterprise, Investments and Institution,沒有紀錄。
27.
Huntington, D.(2001)。Report of the Ad hoc Committee on Traditional Knowledge,沒有紀錄。
28.
Langill, S.。The Overstory,沒有紀錄。
延伸查詢
29.
Lewanika, M.(2001)。Traditional Knowledge: Recognition and Protection,沒有紀錄。
30.
Lopez, A.(1998)。Initiatives for the Protection of Holders of Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities,沒有紀錄。
31.
Mugabe, J.。Intellectual Property Protection and Traditional Knowledge, An Exploration in International Policy Disclosure,沒有紀錄。
推文
當script無法執行時可按︰
推文
推薦
當script無法執行時可按︰
推薦
引用網址
當script無法執行時可按︰
引用網址
引用嵌入語法
當script無法執行時可按︰
引用嵌入語法
轉寄
當script無法執行時可按︰
轉寄
top
:::
相關期刊
相關論文
相關專書
相關著作
熱門點閱
1.
專利審查實務發展與變革--發明篇
2.
從美國先前技術素材檢討我國專利法新穎性規定
3.
真正申請專利權人向冒認專利權人取回專利權後行使權利之法定限制--以智慧局函送行政院版專利法草案第59條為中心
4.
簡析設計專利法對文化創意產業的保護
5.
臺灣創新藥與學名藥專利之平衡與發展--以美國、臺灣學名藥之豁免為例
6.
論遺傳資源與傳統知識之取得與惠益分享原則
7.
標準必要專利之法定授權與專利權濫用--以誠實信用原則為中心
8.
淺談美國法上之生物醫藥專利
9.
從我國法院相關判決論新穎性判斷之「直接且無歧異得知」
10.
基於競爭考量之強制授權--兼談競爭法與專利法之競合
11.
專利法先使用權之再思考
12.
專利權排除侵害之相對性與衡平法理--以智慧財產法院一○○年度民專上字第五七號判決為例
13.
專利進步性判斷之法學方法論--美、德之借鏡及臺灣實務之檢討
14.
從TRIPS協定談專利法第99條之解釋
15.
由智慧財產法院判決探討我國專利請求項中功能性用語之相關爭議問題(Ⅱ)--據以實現/明確性要件及功能性子句
1.
論專利權的價值-以選擇最適鑑價機制為基礎
2.
以專利制度因應生物多樣性保護之研究
3.
臺灣原住民族政治主體建構之研究
4.
專利侵害之民事救濟制度
5.
從公共衛生之觀點論醫藥專利權之保護與限制
1.
解構智財法及其與競爭法的衝突與調和
2.
專利法
3.
專利法理論與應用
4.
我國專利制度之研究
5.
發明專利法研究
6.
專利法上之優先權制度
無相關著作
無相關點閱
QR Code