Human rights norm has been widely regarded as regulative for international politics and global affairs sint the World War II. According to the standard understanding, human rights are valid independently of any social institution and practice and are justified by some moral principles. However, in a reasonable, pluralistic world, it is inappropriate to understand human rights from a particular moral point of view, which is particularistic and has great difficulties in explaining the universality of human rights. In this paper, I argue that the notion of human rights John Rawls proposes is different from the standard, morality-based conception of human rights, which I call it “a political conception of human rights.” The political conception of human rights does not presuppose any comprehensive moral or religious doctrine in explaining human rights. It also recognizes the reasonableness of political and value pluralism in a reasonable global order. So the political conception seems able to give an adequate account of the universality of human rights. However, as I shall argue, Rawls’s account of the political conception of human rights has serious defects. I attempt to rescue the political conception by proposing a universal understanding of human individuals, which is needed but absent in Rawls’s theory of human rights.